自考英語(yǔ)二(新版)原文 Unit 8 The Great Minds

Unit8TheGreatMindsAfamousquoteApessimistmakesdifficultiesofhisopportunities;anoptimistmakesopportunitiesofhisdifficulties.----HarryS.Truman悲觀者讓機(jī)會(huì)淪為困難；樂(lè)觀者把困難鑄成機(jī)會(huì)。----杜魯門(mén)HarryS.Truman(1884-1972)，33rdPresidentoftheUS(1945-1953)，wholedAmerica'stransitionfromwartimetopeacetimeeconomy.TrumanmadesomeofthemostmomentousdecisionsinUShistory,includingthedroppingofatomicbombsonHiroshimaandNagasaki,Japan,therebuildingofEuropeundertheMarshalPlan,andthefightingoftheKoreanWar.makeAofB使B成為Amakeasuccessofone'scareermakeamusicianofthelittleboyThefatherexposedhissontomusicwhenhewasstillalittlechildbecausehewantedtomakeamusicianofhim.exposesb./oneselftosth.使暴露于，Don'texposeyourselftothestrongsunlight,oryouwillgetsunburnt.聯(lián)想：sunburnt/suntannedgainexposuretosth.makeafootballerofTommakeamessoftheaccountTextANewwords1.wrapv.用…纏繞（或圍緊）2.scenarion.設(shè)想；方案；預(yù)測(cè)3.explanationn.解釋；說(shuō)明explainexplanatory4.uneventfuladj.平淡無(wú)奇的；平凡的；缺乏刺激的5.pregnancyn.懷孕；妊娠；孕期6.imperfectadj.有缺陷的；不完全的；不完美的perfectperfection聯(lián)想：impossible,impolite,imbalanced,immobile,immature（注意：unbiased,unmoving）7.abnormaladj.不正常的；反常的；變態(tài)的；畸形的normal聯(lián)想：typical-atypicalsymmetry-asymmetrysymmetrical-asymmetrical8.massiveadj.巨大的；非常嚴(yán)重的9.disabilityn.（某種）缺陷，障礙ableabilityunabledisabled10.limblessadj.無(wú)四肢的11.inspirev.激勵(lì)；鼓舞（用法參考Unit5,TextA）inspiration（形近詞參考Unit4，TextA）inspiring12.adaptv.適應(yīng)（新情況）adaptoneselftosth.13.accomplishv.完成14.limbn.肢；臂；腿15.campaign運(yùn)動(dòng)（為社會(huì)、商業(yè)或政治目的而進(jìn)行的一系列有計(jì)劃的活動(dòng)）16.fulfillv.實(shí)現(xiàn)；履行fulfillone'sdream/word/requirementfulfilling使人滿足的，令人愉快的fulfillment履行；滿足；成就17.motivationaladj.鼓舞的motivemotivate18.circumstancen.命運(yùn)；客觀環(huán)境19.wholeheartedlyadv.全心全意地red-nosed/white-haired/20.effectiveadj.產(chǎn)生預(yù)期結(jié)果的；有效的比較：efficientineffective,inefficient21.altituden.海拔；海拔高度altitudesickness區(qū)分：attitude22.engagementn.約定；約會(huì)；預(yù)約23.congregationn.（教堂的）會(huì)眾24.audiencen.觀眾；聽(tīng)眾25.visionn.想象力；眼力；遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)26.outreachn.外展服務(wù)27.perspectiven.態(tài)度；觀點(diǎn)；思考方法28.ceasev.（使）停止，終止，結(jié)束29.obstaclen.障礙；阻礙；絆腳石30.illustratev.（用示例、圖畫(huà)等）說(shuō)明，解釋31.profoundadj.巨大的；深切的；深遠(yuǎn)的32.persistencen.堅(jiān)持；鍥而不舍persist(in)persistent/=insiston33.paralyzev.使癱瘓；使麻痹34.oftentimesadv.常常35.trickn.戲法；把戲tricky36.blendn.（不同事物的）和諧結(jié)合，融合37.perseverancen.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神persevereperseverant（偶見(jiàn)perseverent，但很少使用）38.definev.闡明；明確；界定definitiondefinite明確的，確定的39.incredibleadj.不能相信的；難以置信的unbelievable40.captivatev.迷住；使著迷PhrasesandExpressions1.awalkoflife行業(yè)；職業(yè)；地位；階層lineofwork2.majorin主修3.stresstheimportanceof強(qiáng)調(diào)…的重要性4.atone'sdisposal任某人處理；供某人任意使用5.pokefunat拿…開(kāi)心；奚落；嘲笑6.showoff炫耀；賣弄Pre-readingQuestions:Canyouimaginealifewithoutlimbs?你能想象沒(méi)有了四肢，生活會(huì)是什么樣子嗎？Whowillflashintoyourmindwhenitcomestodisabledheroes?Whatqualitiesappealtoyoumost?提到殘疾英雄，你會(huì)想到誰(shuí)呢7．什么品廢建吸引你呢？LifeWithoutLimits生命無(wú)疆Imaginebeingbornwithoutarms.Noarmstowraparoundsomeone,nohandstoexperiencetouch,ortoholdanotherhandwith.Orwhataboutbeingbornwithoutlegs?Havingnoabilitytodance,walk,run,orevenstandontwofeet.Nowputbothofthosescenarios（設(shè)想）together:noarmsandnolegs.Whatwouldyoudo?Howwouldthataffectyoureverydaylife?想象生下來(lái)時(shí)就沒(méi)有手臂。沒(méi)有手臂去擁抱一個(gè)人，沒(méi)有手去體驗(yàn)觸摸，或去握住另一只手?；蛘呦胂笊聛?lái)就沒(méi)有雙腿又會(huì)怎樣?沒(méi)有能力去跳舞、行走、跑步甚至雙腳站立?，F(xiàn)在把這些設(shè)想加在一起：沒(méi)有雙臂也沒(méi)有雙腿。你會(huì)怎么辦?這將會(huì)如何影響你每天的生活?Bornin1982inMelbourne,Australia,withoutanymedicalexplanationorwarning,NicholasVujiciccameintotheworldwithneitherarmsnorlegs.Havinghadanuneventfulpregnancyandnofamilyhistorytoexpectthiscondition,imaginetheshockhisparentsfeltwhentheysawtheirfirstborn,brandnewbabyboy,onlytofindhewaswhattheworldwouldconsiderimperfectandabnormal.Howwouldtheirsonliveanormalhappylife?Whatcouldheeverdoorbecomewhenlivingwithwhattheworldwouldseeassuchamassivedisability（嚴(yán)重殘疾）?Littledidtheyoranyoneknowthatthisbeautifullimblessbabywouldonedaybesomeonewhowouldinspireandmotivatepeoplefromallwalksoflife,touchinglivesallovertheworld.1982年在澳大利亞的墨爾本，沒(méi)有任何醫(yī)學(xué)上的解釋或預(yù)兆，尼古拉斯·武伊契奇克來(lái)到這個(gè)世界，沒(méi)有雙臂也沒(méi)有雙腿。由于懷孕期平靜無(wú)事而且也沒(méi)有可以預(yù)測(cè)到這種狀況的家族史，因此可以想象得到他的父母看到他們第一個(gè)出生的男嬰，卻只發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)被這個(gè)世界認(rèn)為不完美和畸形的人時(shí)的那種打擊。他們的兒子如何過(guò)一個(gè)正常、快樂(lè)的生活呢?帶著這世界視為嚴(yán)重殘疾的(身體)生活，他又能做什么或者變成什么樣呢?當(dāng)時(shí)他們不知道而且也沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)人知道，這個(gè)漂亮的無(wú)手足的小男孩有一天會(huì)啟發(fā)激勵(lì)社會(huì)各階層的人，并且感動(dòng)全世界的人們。本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：1.Havinghadanuneventful（平凡的）pregnancyandnofamilyhistorytoexpectthiscondition,imaginetheshockhisparentsfeltwhentheysawtheirfirstborn,brandnewbabyboy,onlytofindhewaswhattheworldwouldconsiderimperfectandabnormal.(1)懸垂分詞。建議換成：Havinghadanuneventfulpregnancyandnofamilyhistorytoexpectthiscondition,hisparentsfeltgreatshockwhentheysaw….Canyouimaginetheshock?以下是可以接受的懸垂分詞形式：Strictlyspeaking,nobodyisallowedinhere.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromtheSouth.經(jīng)常這樣用的分詞(分詞詞組)有：frankly(broadly,generally,strictly…)speaking,judgingfrom/by…,talkingabout…,speakingof…等。某些句子中作狀語(yǔ)的分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)雖然不是句子的主語(yǔ)，但可能是句中的另外某一成分，對(duì)這樣的句子也可以不認(rèn)為是"懸垂分詞"。課文中的這個(gè)句子屬于這種情況。再如：Seeingherhealthsinkingrapidly,alarmclutchedthefather'sheart.她父親看到她健康迅速惡化，很是驚慌。切記：該結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)慎用。(2)onlytofind…不定式表示結(jié)果。不定式表結(jié)果時(shí)通常前面需要加only,表示出乎意料的不希望看到的結(jié)果。例如：Theyrushedtothecinema,onlytofindtheticketsleftathome.Theyhurriedbackhome,onlytofindthedoorlocked.Theywenttothehospitalwithoutanydelay,onlytobetoldtheirbelovedgrandpahadalreadypassedaway.(3)whattheworldwouldconsider作插入語(yǔ)(4)譯文：在經(jīng)歷了一段平靜無(wú)事的孕期，而且沒(méi)有任何家族病史預(yù)示的情況下，我們可以想象得到當(dāng)時(shí)他的父母看到這個(gè)剛出生的小男孩時(shí)會(huì)是多么地震驚，只知道他就是世人所說(shuō)的缺陷和不正常。2.Littledidtheyoranyoneknowthatthisbeautifullimblessbabywouldonedaybesomeonewhowouldinspireandmotivatepeoplefromallwalksoflife,touchinglivesallovertheworld.(1)否定詞放在句首句子倒裝，如rarely,seldom,innocase,bynomeans,little,hardly等。(2)whowouldinspireandmotivatepeoplefromallwalksoflife定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是someone。(3)touchinglivesallovertheworld現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾inspireandmotivatepeople。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)的成績(jī)！【單選題】16.Hereturnedtoworkafterrecoveryfromhisillness,_______anotheremployeehadtakenhisplace.A．onlytotellB．onlytobetoldC．onlytobetellingD．tobetold【答案】B【解析】本題考查不定式表示結(jié)果。不定式表結(jié)果時(shí)通常前面需要加only，表示出乎意料的不希望看到的結(jié)果。本句的意思是"他生病痊愈返回了工作崗位，結(jié)果卻被告知另一個(gè)雇員接替了他的崗位"，故選B?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)】不定式表示結(jié)果AsNickgrewuphelearnedtodealwithhisdisabilityandstartedtobeabletodomoreandmorethingsonhisown.Headaptedtohissituationandfoundwaystoaccomplishtasksthatmostpeoplecouldonlydobyusingtheirlimbs,suchascleaningteeth,brushinghair,typingonacomputer,swimming,playingsports,andmuchmore.Astimewentby,Nickbegantoembrace（欣然接受）hissituationandachievegreaterthings.（承上啟下句）IngradesevenNickwaselectedcaptainofhisschoolandworkedwiththestudentcouncil（學(xué)生會(huì)）onvariousfund-raisingeventsforlocalcharitiesanddisabilitycampaigns.伴隨著尼克的成長(zhǎng)，他學(xué)會(huì)了如何應(yīng)對(duì)他的殘疾并能夠開(kāi)始獨(dú)自做越來(lái)越多的事情。他適應(yīng)了他的狀況，并找到方法完成大多數(shù)人只有通過(guò)使用他們的四肢才能做到的事情，如刷牙，梳頭，敲打電腦，游泳，運(yùn)動(dòng)，還有更多。隨著時(shí)間的流逝，尼克開(kāi)始坦然接受他的狀況并取得更大的成就。在七年級(jí)，尼克被選舉為學(xué)校的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，與學(xué)生理事會(huì)合作，致力于當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬剖聵I(yè)和殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)的各項(xiàng)籌款事宜。AfterschoolNickwentonwithfurtherstudyandobtainedadoublebachelordegreemajoringinaccountingandfinancialplanning.Bytheageof19,Nickstartedtofulfillhisdreamofencouragingothersbysharinghisstorythroughmotivationalspeaking（勵(lì)志演講）.Hefoundthepurposeofhisexistence,andalsothepurposeofhiscircumstance.Nickwholeheartedlybelievesthatthereisapurposeineachofthestrugglesweencounterinourlivesandthatourattitudetowardsthosestrugglescanbethesinglemosteffectivefactorinovercomingthem.畢業(yè)后，尼克接著進(jìn)修并獲得會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)規(guī)劃的雙學(xué)士學(xué)位。到了19歲，尼克已經(jīng)開(kāi)始以通過(guò)勵(lì)志性的演說(shuō)分享自己故事的方式去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己鼓勵(lì)他人的夢(mèng)想。他找到了他存在的目的，以及處于他這種狀況的目的。尼克始終認(rèn)為，在我們的一生中遇到的每一個(gè)困難都有其目的，并且我們對(duì)于這些困難的態(tài)度則會(huì)成為克服它們的唯一最有效的因素。Nowat27yearsold,thislimblessyoungmanhasaccomplishedmorethanmostpeopleeventwicehisage.NickrecentlymadethemassivemovefromBrisbane,AustraliatoCalifornia,USA,whereheisthepresidentofaninternationalnon-profitorganization（非盈利組織）,andalsohashisownmotivationalspeakingcompany,AttitudeIsAltitude.Sincehisfirstmotivationalspeakingengagement（約定；演講）backwhenhewas19,Nickhastraveledaroundtheworld,sharinghisstorywithmillionsofpeople,speakingtoarangeofdifferentgroupssuchasstudents,teachers,youth,businessmenandwomen,entrepreneurs,andchurchcongregations（會(huì)眾）ofallsizes.PeopleaskNick,"Howcanyousmile?"Thentheyrealizethere'sgottobesomethingmoretolifethanmeetstheeyeifaguywithoutarmsandlegsislivingafullerlife.現(xiàn)在到了27歲的年齡，比起大多數(shù)甚至年長(zhǎng)他兩倍的人，這位無(wú)四肢的年輕男子取得了更多的成就。最近，尼克的行動(dòng)很廣泛，從澳大利亞的布里斯班到美國(guó)的加利福尼亞，他成為那里的一個(gè)國(guó)際非營(yíng)利組織的主席，而他也有自己的勵(lì)志演講公司——態(tài)度決定一切。尼克19歲時(shí)，開(kāi)始他的第一次勵(lì)志演講活動(dòng)，他周游世界，與數(shù)百萬(wàn)人分享他的故事，向眾多的不同的群體演講，比如學(xué)生、教師、青年、商務(wù)男女、企業(yè)家以及各種大小的教會(huì)團(tuán)體。人們?cè)儐?wèn)克，“您是怎樣一笑置之的呢?”接著他們意識(shí)到，如果一個(gè)沒(méi)有四肢的人過(guò)得比普通人更充實(shí)，那么生活的含義必定超出了我們目光所及的范疇。本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：3.Thentheyrealizethere'sgottobesomethingmoretolifethanmeetstheeyeifaguywithoutarmsandlegsislivingafullerlife.(1)Thereissomethingto/insth.……有意義，有道理(2)liveafulllife生活充實(shí)Nickshareswithhisaudiencestheimportanceofvisionanddreamingbig.Usinghisownexperiencesinworldwideoutreach（推廣）asexamples,hechallengesotherstoexaminetheirperspective（洞察力）andlookbeyondtheircircumstances.Heshareshisviewofceasingtoseeobstaclesasproblems,butinsteadbegintoseethemasopportunitiestogrowandreachouttoothers.Hestressestheimportanceofourattitudebeingthemostpowerfultoolwehaveatourdisposalandillustrateshowthechoiceswemakecanhaveaprofoundeffectonourlivesandthelivesofthosearoundus.Nickshowsthroughhisownlifethatthemajorkeysinfulfillingourbiggestdreamsarepersistenceandchoosingtoembracefailureasalearningexperience,ratherthanallowingtheguiltandfearoffailuretoparalyzeus.尼克與他的聽(tīng)眾分享了眼界和遠(yuǎn)大夢(mèng)想的重要性。用他在世界范圍內(nèi)推廣自己的經(jīng)歷為例，他激勵(lì)人們?nèi)徱曌约旱挠^點(diǎn)并超越自己的局限。他與大家一起分享其觀點(diǎn)，即停止把阻礙看作是難題，相反，應(yīng)該把它們看作是自身成長(zhǎng)并接觸他人向他人學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。他強(qiáng)調(diào)態(tài)度是我們可以支配的最強(qiáng)大的工具，闡明了我們作出的選擇如何對(duì)我們自身乃至周圍人的生活產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。通過(guò)他自己的生活，尼克說(shuō)明了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的最大夢(mèng)想的主要因素就是持之以恒，選擇將失敗作為一次學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷而擁抱它，而不允許讓內(nèi)疚和失敗的恐懼麻痹我們。本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：4.Heshareshisviewofceasingtoseeobstaclesasproblems,butinsteadbegintoseethemasopportunitiestogrowandreachouttoothers.(1)ceasetodosth.停止做某事，不再做某事(2)see…as…:lookon/upon…as,view…as,regard…as(3)reachoutto伸手以抓到、觸到或拿到某物Wemustreachouttothoseinneed.我們應(yīng)該伸出援手，去幫助有困難的人。本句reachouttoothers意為"幫助他人"5.Hestressestheimportanceofourattitudebeingthemostpowerfultoolwehaveatourdisposalandillustrateshowthechoiceswemakecanhaveaprofoundeffectonourlivesandthelivesofthosearoundus.(1)atourdisposal任某人處理；供某人任意使用disposal是dispose的名詞形式，意為"支配，處理"。聯(lián)想：al為名詞后綴，再如：arrive-arrival,survive-survival,approve-approval,disapprove-disapproval,dismiss-dismissal,deny-denial,refuse-refusal等。(2)haveaprofoundeffectonsth.對(duì)……產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響6.Nickshowsthroughhisownlifethatthemajorkeysinfulfillingourbiggestdreamsarepersistenceandchoosingtoembracefailureasalearningexperience,ratherthanallowingtheguiltandfearoffailuretoparalyzeus.(1)throughhisownlife作狀語(yǔ)，修飾show。show的賓語(yǔ)是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的主干是themajorkeysarepersistenceandchoosingto…,ratherthanallowing…。(2)embracefailureasalearningexperience歡迎失敗，把它看成是學(xué)習(xí)的體驗(yàn)(3)ratherthan相當(dāng)于insteadof"而不是"(4)ratherthanallowingtheguiltandfearoffailuretoparalyzeus而不是被失敗和恐懼所打倒HowdoesNickVujicicfeelabouthisdisabilitynow?Heacceptsit,embracesitandoftentimespokesfunathisowncircumstanceasheshowsoffhismanytricks.Hemeetschallengeswithhisspecialblendofhumor,perseveranceandfaith,alwaysencouragingthosearoundhimtoexaminetheirperspectiveastheydevelopanddefinetheirvision.Usingthosenewdefinitionshechallengeseachpersonhemeetstomakechangesintheirlivessothattheycanbeginthepathtofulfillingtheirbiggestdreams.Throughhisamazingabilitytoconnectwithpeoplefromallwalksoflifeandhisincrediblesenseofhumorthatcaptivates（=charm）children,teensandadultsalike,Nickisatrulyinspirationalmotivationalspeaker.現(xiàn)在尼克·武伊契奇克是怎么感受他的殘疾呢?他接受它，擁抱它，時(shí)常還會(huì)像炫耀他的眾多把戲一樣對(duì)自己的狀況自我嘲笑。他用自己特別的，由幽默、毅力和信念組成的混合物來(lái)面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，總是鼓勵(lì)周圍的人在發(fā)展和定義他們的眼界時(shí)審視他們的觀點(diǎn)。他使用那些新的定義挑戰(zhàn)他所遇到的每一個(gè)人，以便他們作出改變都能夠開(kāi)始走向?qū)崿F(xiàn)他們的最大夢(mèng)想之路。通過(guò)他與各階層人士溝通的驚人的能力，以及叫人難以置信的幽默感，他令兒童、青少年和成年人都為之著迷。尼克是一個(gè)真正的具有啟發(fā)性和激勵(lì)性的演講者。本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：7.Usingthosenewdefinitionshechallengeseachpersonhemeetstomakechangesintheirlivessothattheycanbeginthepathtofulfillingtheirbiggestdreams.(1)usingthosenewdefinitions分詞作狀語(yǔ)(2)challengesb.todosth.刺激某人做某事(3)beginthepathtofulfillingtheirbiggestdreams開(kāi)始踏上實(shí)現(xiàn)人生夢(mèng)想的征程8.Throughhisamazingabilitytoconnectwithpeoplefromallwalksoflifeandhisincrediblesenseofhumorthatcaptivateschildren,teensandadultsalike,Nickisatrulyinspirationalmotivationalspeaker.(1)句子的主干是Nickisatrulyinspirationalmotivationalspeaker.。through…作狀語(yǔ)(2)alike:adv.inthesameway同樣地例如：treateverybodyexactlyalike一視同仁Theclimatehereisalwayshot,summerandwinteralike.hisincrediblesenseofhumorthatcaptivateschildren,teensandadultsalike他驚人的幽默感令孩子、青少年和成年人都著迷點(diǎn)滴語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一現(xiàn)在分詞doing和過(guò)去分詞done1.含義和區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞doing過(guò)去分詞done時(shí)態(tài)上進(jìn)行完成語(yǔ)態(tài)上主動(dòng)完成thedevelopingcountriesthecountrieswhicharedeveloping發(fā)展中國(guó)家thedevelopedcountries=thecountrieswhichhavedeveloped發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家theexploiting:lass=theclassthatexploitsothers剝削階級(jí)theexploitedclass=theclassthatisexploited被剝削階級(jí)Hewasexcited(表被動(dòng))attheexciting(表主動(dòng)）news聽(tīng)到這個(gè)令人興奮的消息，他很興奮2.功能1)作定語(yǔ)a.前置定語(yǔ)，如:twinklingstars閃爍的星星，retiredgeneral退休的將軍有些分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞:runningwater自來(lái)水，promisingyoungman有前途的青年，aninterestingbook一本有趣的書(shū)，armedforces武裝部隊(duì)，abrokencar破車b.后置定語(yǔ)(分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))Policehuntingthekillerofapart-timepoliceofficerstabbedoutsideherhomeinnorthwestLondonareseekingamanwearingahoodedtopseenrunningawayfromthescene.倫敦一名兼職警官在其位于倫敦西北的家附近被一名男子刺死，警方目前正在搜捕這名男子。據(jù)稱，該名男子作案時(shí)穿著帶有兜帽的.上衣，作案后有人見(jiàn)他逃離了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。2)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)一般用于感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞后:find.hear,smell,feel.watch,noticeTherearemanytimesIlookoutofmywindowandsmileatthesights.Ihearthesoundofflowersbloomingandtheheart-beatleavesgrowing.每每我看向窗外，總能讓我會(huì)心地微笑，因?yàn)槲衣?tīng)見(jiàn)了花開(kāi)的聲音，還有樹(shù)葉的生長(zhǎng)，生機(jī)勃發(fā)。Ihearhimcriticizingthesocietyagain.我又聽(tīng)到他在批評(píng)社會(huì)Iheardhimcriticizedmanytimes.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他多次被批評(píng)。3)作狀語(yǔ)（狀從的簡(jiǎn)化形式）(1)一致:(主語(yǔ)1)+分詞短語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)1，+主動(dòng)詞Thosewhotakethelongviewarepatientwithdifficulties.knowingthattimeoftenmakestheimpossible.possibleSeizethepresentday,trustingtomorrowaslittleasmaybe.Lackingaclearworldoutlook,lifewillbecomeakindofburden.Difficultiesvanishwhenfacedboldly.Everycalling(=vocation)isgreatwhengreatlypursued(2)不一致:主語(yǔ)1+分詞短語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)2+主動(dòng)詞Theworldbeinghard,struggleistheonlywayout.(=Becausetheworldishard,struggleistheonlywayout.)Peoplefaceavarietyofproblems,moneybeingthegreatest.(=Peoplefaceavarietyofproblems,andmoneyisthegreatest.)Everythingconsidered,workislessboringthanamusingoneself.(=Ifeverythingconsidered,workislessboringthanamusingoneself.)Headbowed,intotaldefeat,Ifailedeventonoticethebrightstar.(=Myheadwasbowed,intotaldefeat,andIfailedeventonoticethebrightstar)(3)固定結(jié)構(gòu):generallyspeaking(通常來(lái)說(shuō)).strictlyspeaking(嚴(yán)格地說(shuō))，talkingof(談及).considering(考慮到).allowingfor(考慮到)，giventime(如果有更多時(shí)間)(Generallyspeaking.menarestrongerthanwomen=(Ifwearespeakgenerally.men..)TalkingofEnglish.sheisthebestspeaker.Consideringthatshehasnoexperience.Shehasdoneagoodjob.Givenmoretime.Iwouldfinishtheworkontime3.課文里出現(xiàn)的帶有分詞的句子Bornin1982inMelbourne.Australia,withoutanymedicalexplanationorwarming.NicholasVujiciccameintotheworldwithneitherarmsnorlegs.(P2)Havinghadanuneventfulpregnancyandnofamilyhistorytoexpectthiscondition.imaginetheshockparentsfeltwhentheysawtheirfirstborn.brandnewbabyboy.onlytofindhewaswhattheworldwouldconsiderimperfectandabnormal.Howwouldtheirsonliveanormal,happylife?(P2)Usinghisownexperiencesinworldwideoutreachadexamples.hechallengesotherstoexaminetheirperspectiveandlookbeyondtheircircumstances.(P6)課后習(xí)題參考答案TextAI.1.C2.C3.D4.B5.AII.SectionA1.perfection2.accomplishment3.persistent4.disposal5.effective6.motivationalSectionB1.obstacle2.incredible3.vision4.perspective5.fulfill6.profoundSectionC1.from2.from3.with4.at5.in6.ofIII.1.confused2.natural3.intentionally4.likely5.potential6.asopposedto7.Evenif8.known9.calledupon10.markⅣ．SectionA1.finditdifficulttoadapttotheirnewschoollife2.childrenlikedtosharetheirstorieswith3.electedoneoftheirmembersasthespokesman4.onlytofindthattheyhadtoovercomefinancialproblemsontheirown5.stresstheimportanceofbalanceddietSectionB有時(shí)候，我們唯一能做的就是質(zhì)疑自己存在的意義。我們經(jīng)常會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)寂寞，情緒低落，感覺(jué)世界都黯然失色了。有時(shí)候我們感覺(jué)生活沒(méi)有任何意義，如此艱辛，甚至希望世上沒(méi)有明天。但是，我們還要知道問(wèn)題只不過(guò)是生活中的另一種痛苦而已，企圖扭曲我們的人性，破壞我們對(duì)生活的美好憧憬。這個(gè)時(shí)候，不要向誘惑屈服，輕言放棄。是的，快樂(lè)的唯一．方式就是心甘情愿地忍受苦難。V.231547968Ⅵ.尼克·武伊契奇出生時(shí)沒(méi)有四肢，雖然嚴(yán)重殘疾，他不但自己獨(dú)生活，而且通過(guò)演講激勵(lì)、鼓勵(lì)了許多人。但是，相比之下，一些身體健全的人相形見(jiàn)絀，他們不斷抱怨生活，不愿意為了更光明的前途而努力工作。你認(rèn)為面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，需要具備什么樣的品格才能戰(zhàn)勝這些困難呢？我們?nèi)绾闻囵B(yǎng)這些品格呢？III.部分練習(xí)講解P256BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.解題方法：把詞分類動(dòng)詞名詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞markmarkconfusedintentionallyasopposedtoevenifconfusedpotentiallikelyknownpotentialcalleduponnaturalGiftsarethosetalentsandabilitiesthatflowalmosteffortlesslyfromus.Giftsaresometimes1confusedwithskills.Whileskillscanbedeveloped,giftsaresomethingwearebornwith-theyarewhatwediscoveraswetrynewthingsandfindthatsomethingsareas2naturaltousasbreathing.Whenwe3intentionallymakeadecisiontocreateourlifeandworkbasedonourgifts,we'renotonlymore4likelytosucceed,butcanalsomorethoroughlyenjoythejourneytowardcreatingandrealizingourfull5potential.Takeinventoryof（評(píng)估）yourlifetodeterminewhereyouareutilizinglearnedanddevelopedskills6asopposedtoexpressingandhonoringyourinnate（與生俱來(lái)的）gifts.Areyouoperatingbasedonwhatyouthinkyou"ought"tobedoingorareyoulivinganauthenticlifethatisrichandfulfilling?7Evenifyouarenotinaplacetopursueanewcareerbasedonyourgifts,lookforwaystomakeyourgifts8knowntoothersanddemonstratetheminasmanyareasofyourlifeaspossible.Themoreyourgiftsare9calledupon,themorenaturallyyouwillfullyacceptandpromotethosegifts.Themoreyouexpressyourlifethroughyourinnategifts,themoreyouwillexcel.It'sabeautifullyself-perpetuating（能使自身永久存在的）processonceyoumakethedecisiontobegin.Yourgiftsareyoursignature,youruniquepaintbrushes-usethemtoexpressyourgreatnessandmakeyourgreatnessandmakeyour10markontheworld!TextBNewwords1.revolutionn.巨變；大變革2.unwedadj.未婚的3.adoptionn.收養(yǎng)；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)4.unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遺憾地fortunemisfortunefortunateunfortunate5.relentv.終于答應(yīng)；不再拒絕6.recallv.記起；回憶起；回想起7.debutv.使（新產(chǎn)品）面世；首次廣告推廣8.productionn.生產(chǎn)：制造；制作duct9.possessionn.具有；擁有10.calculatorn.計(jì)算器11.orchardn.果園12.sagv.減弱；減少13.competitionn.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；角逐（參考Unit4，TextA相關(guān)詞）petitive14.successiveadj.連續(xù)的；接連的；相繼的succeedsucceedin(doing)sth.successorsuccessful15.insanelyadv.十分；非常；瘋狂地16.cofoundv.共同建立co-existenceaco-edschoolcooperatecohabitation17.bitteradj.激烈而不愉快的；充滿憤怒與仇恨的18.recruitv.吸收（新成員）19.punchv.拳打；以拳痛擊20.publiclyadv.公開(kāi)地21.heartbreakingadj.令人心碎的22.episoden.（人生的）一段經(jīng)歷；（小說(shuō)的）片段，插曲23.instantadj.立即的；立刻的24.billionairen.巨富；億萬(wàn)富翁25.immenseadj.極大的；巨大的immensity26.convincev.說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)（某人做某事）convincesb.ofsth./that…convincing27.foundationn.基本原理；根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)layasolidfoundationforsth.28.catalystn.催化劑28.comebackn.復(fù)出；重返；再度受歡迎29.initiallyadv.開(kāi)始；最初；起初30.interima.暫時(shí)的：過(guò)渡的31.profitabilityn.盈利能力profitprofitable32.introducev.推行；實(shí)施；采用roductive/introductory介紹的，引導(dǎo)的33.innovationn.創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)新；改革innovateinnovativePhrasesandExpressions1.biologicalmother生母/stepmother2.meetone'sexpectations符合某人的期望3.dropout退學(xué)；輟學(xué)4.inmemoryof作為對(duì)…的紀(jì)念5.dwellon老是想著（尤指最好忘記的事）；一直說(shuō)……6.turnout原來(lái)是；證明是；結(jié)果是Pre-readingQuestions:Whatractorsdoyouthinkcomtributetosuccess?你認(rèn)為什么因素有助于成功?CanyoufigureoutwhatreasonsaccountforSteveJobs’success?你能推測(cè)出史蒂夫·喬布斯成功的原因嗎？AnUnwantedBaby,SteveJobs一個(gè)本不想要的孩子——史蒂夫·喬布斯SteveJobsisamanwhohasgreatcourageanddarestotakerisks.Hemaynotbeperfectbuthepulledtogether（齊心協(xié)力，重新振作）themostfantasticactbyovercomingMicrosoft,themovieindustryandthemusicbusiness.Jobsfollowedhisdreamandledarevolutioninthecomputingworld.史蒂夫·喬布斯是一個(gè)有膽識(shí)，敢于冒險(xiǎn)的人。他或許不是完美的，但他征服了微軟、電影產(chǎn)業(yè)和音樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，把三者結(jié)合在一起，干得非常漂亮。喬布斯追尋著他的夢(mèng)想，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一場(chǎng)計(jì)算機(jī)世界的革命。SteveJobswasbornonFebruary24,1955,inSanFrancisco,California.HisbiologicalmotherwasanunwedgraduatestudentnamedJoanneSimpsonanddecidedtoputhimupfor（提出）adoption.Joannehadacollegeeducation,andsheinsistedthatthefutureparentsofherboy(should)bejustaswelleducated.Unfortunately,thecandidates,PaulandClaraJobs,didnotmeetherexpectations:Claradidn'tgraduatefromcollegeandPaulonlyattendedhighschool.Whenshefoundoutthatbothhisfutureparentshadnevergraduatedfromcollege,sherefusedtosigntheadoptionpapers.Sheonlyrelented（發(fā)慈悲）afewmonthslaterandagreedtohaveherbabyadoptedbythem,underthefirmconditionthattheywouldsendhimtocollege.1955年2月24日，史蒂夫·喬布斯出生于加利福尼亞州舊金山。他的親生母親是位名叫喬安娜·辛普森的未婚研究生，并決定將他送人收養(yǎng)。喬安娜受過(guò)大學(xué)教育，她堅(jiān)持自己兒子的未來(lái)父母也必須受過(guò)良好的教育。不幸的是，候選人，保羅·喬布斯和克拉拉·喬布斯并不符合她的期望：克拉拉沒(méi)有從大學(xué)畢業(yè)，而保羅只讀到高中。當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)未來(lái)的父母都沒(méi)有受過(guò)大學(xué)教育的時(shí)候，她拒絕在收養(yǎng)協(xié)議上簽字。幾個(gè)月后她就作出讓步，同意他們收養(yǎng)自己的孩子，前提條件是他們會(huì)送他去上大學(xué)。本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：1.Joannehadacollegeeducation,andsheinsistedthatthefutureparentsofherboybejustaswelleducated.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是"一堅(jiān)持，二命令，三建議，四要求"時(shí)，即insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,demand,request,require,ask以及desire,recommend,prefer,decide,urge等詞時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形。Wesuggestthathe(should)bepresentatthemeetingintime.Hispainfulexpressionsuggested(=showed)thathewasillatease.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)的成績(jī)！【單選題】17.Fromtheanxiousexpressiononhisface,wecanclearlyseehisstrongdesirethathismother______fromthemajorillnesssoon.A．recoversB．recoverC．willrecoverD．hasrecovered【答案】B【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。desire后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為"should+動(dòng)詞原形"，should通常省略。本句的意思是"從他臉上焦急的表情，我們可以很清楚地看到他希望母親從這場(chǎng)大病中快速痊愈的強(qiáng)烈愿望。"【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】虛擬語(yǔ)氣SteveJobswenttocollegebutdecidedtodropoutbecauseitwastooexpensive.Recallinghistimetherehesaid,"Ididn'thaveadormroom,soIsleptonthefloorinfriends'rooms,Ireturnedcokebottlesforthe5centsdeposits（押金）tobuyfoodwith,andIwouldwalkthe7milesacrosstowneverySundaynighttogetonegoodmealaweekattheHareKrishnatemple."史蒂夫·喬布斯去讀了大學(xué)，但因?yàn)橘M(fèi)用太貴還是決定退學(xué)?；仡櫵哪嵌螝q月，他說(shuō)，“我沒(méi)有宿舍房間，于是我就睡在朋友們房間的地板上，我為了5美分的返還押金回收可樂(lè)瓶以便去購(gòu)買食品。我還在每個(gè)周目的晚上，步行7英里穿過(guò)市區(qū)去印度教克利須那派教徒那里吃一頓大餐。”At20,SteveJobsandafriend(SteveWozniak)startedacompanyinagarageonApril1,1976.Laterthatyear,theydebuted（首次露面/推出/登場(chǎng)）theAppleIandalocalstoreofferedtobuy50machines.Tofinancetheproduction,theyhadtoselltheirmostexpensivepossessions.JobssoldhisVolkswagenvanwhileWozniaksoldhisHewlett-Packardscientificcalculator.SteveJobsnamedtheircompanyApple,inmemoryofahappysummerhehadspentasanorchardworkerinOregon.1976年4月1日，20歲的史蒂夫·喬布斯和一位朋友(史蒂夫-沃茲尼亞克)在自家車庫(kù)里創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)公司。當(dāng)年晚些時(shí)候，他們推出蘋(píng)果第一代，而且當(dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昃吞岢鲑?gòu)買50臺(tái)機(jī)器。為籌集生產(chǎn)資金，他們不得不賣掉他們最昂貴的所有物。沃茲尼亞克賣掉了他的惠普科學(xué)計(jì)算器，喬布斯也賣掉了他的大眾廂式車。史蒂夫·喬布斯命名他們的公司為“蘋(píng)果”，是為了紀(jì)念他在俄勒岡當(dāng)果園工人時(shí)度過(guò)的一個(gè)快樂(lè)的夏天。By1982,however,hiscompanysalessagged（下垂）inthefaceofcompetitionfromIBM'snewPC.Notwantingtodwellon（細(xì)想）successivefailures,theyworkedon（從事，忙于）anewmachinecalledtheMacintosh.By1986,theMac,whichSteveJobspromisedtobe"insanelygreat,"wasahugesuccess.After10years,startingfrom2kidsworkinginagarage,Applecomputerhadgrownintoa$2billioncompanywithover4000employees.然而，到了1982年，面對(duì)IBM新款個(gè)人電腦的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，他的公司銷售額下滑。不想細(xì)想這連續(xù)的失敗，他們研發(fā)了一臺(tái)名叫麥金托什機(jī)的新機(jī)器。到1986年時(shí)。史蒂夫·喬布斯保證會(huì)成為“瘋狂的偉大”的麥克機(jī)(Mac)，的確成為了一個(gè)巨大的成功：lO年后，開(kāi)始于一個(gè)車庫(kù)中兩個(gè)孩子的工作，蘋(píng)果電腦已成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)擁有20億美元資金，雇員超過(guò)4000人的公司。At30,SteveJobs,however,wasfiredfromthecompanyhecofoundedwithSteveWozniak.HeleftthecompanyafterlosingabitterbattleovercontrolwithApple'sCEOJohnSculley,whomJobshadrecruitedfromPepsiCola.WhenSteveJobsheardofthemessagehesaid,"You'veprobablyhadsomebodypunchyouinthestomachanditknocksthewindoutofyouandyoucannotbreathe.Theharderyoutrytobreathe,themoreyoucannotbreathe.Andyouknowthattheonlythingyoucandoisjustrelaxsoyoucanstartbreathingagain."可是，30歲的時(shí)候，史蒂夫·喬布斯被這家他與史蒂夫·沃茲尼亞克共同創(chuàng)立的公司辭退了。約翰·斯卡利，一個(gè)喬布斯過(guò)去從百事可樂(lè)公司應(yīng)聘而來(lái)的蘋(píng)果公司的首席執(zhí)行官，正是與他的痛苦的權(quán)力之爭(zhēng)失敗后，喬布斯離開(kāi)了公司。當(dāng)史蒂夫·喬布斯聽(tīng)到他被辭退的消息時(shí)，他說(shuō)，“這就像你被人一拳重重地打在了胃部，讓你氣息竭盡，而且還不能呼吸。你越努力地呼吸，你就越不能呼吸。你知道唯一可以做的就是放松氣息以便可以開(kāi)始再次呼吸?！北静糠种攸c(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：2.Notwantingtodwellonsuccessivefailures,theyworkedonanewmachinecalledtheMacintosh.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式為：not+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（具體參考Unit7,TextA）dwellon：詳述；老想著Don'talwaysdwellonthepast,lookforward.He'sdwellingonhisstoryonceagain.3.Theharderyoutrytobreathe,themoreyoucannotbreathe."the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)"意為"越……就越……"Thefartheraplanetisfromtheearth,thesmalleritlooks/appears/seems.試譯：你鍛煉越多，就越不大可能感冒。你越不可能感冒：Youarelesslikelytocatchacold.Themoreexerciseyoutake,thelesslikelyyouaretocatchacold.You'llhavelesschance/fewchancesofcatchingacold.Themoreexerciseyoutake,thelesschance/thefewerchancesyou'llhaveofcatchingacold.SteveJobssoldover$20millionofhisApplestock,spentdaysbicyclingalongthebeach,feelingsadandlost,touredParis,andjourneyedontoItaly.Recallingthispubliclyheartbreakingepisode,Jobssaid,"Ididn'tseeitthen,butitturnedoutthatgettingfiredfromApplewasthebestthingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtome.Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsofmylife."史蒂夫·喬布斯賣掉了他超過(guò)2000萬(wàn)美元的蘋(píng)果股票，終日沿著海灘騎著自行車，感覺(jué)悲傷和失落，他去了巴黎，接著又去了意大利旅行。這段令人心碎的往事廣為人知。回憶起這段經(jīng)歷，喬布斯說(shuō)，“那時(shí)我并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，但結(jié)果證明，被蘋(píng)果公司解雇是發(fā)生在我身上的最好的事情。從頭再來(lái)的輕松取代了成功帶來(lái)的壓力，我不再對(duì)每一件事情都那么確定。它解放