Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand-2023-2024學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)單元速記巧練（人教版2019選擇性）

Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLandUnit4話題旅行詞匯arisevi.(arose，arisen)，bound，awesome，highlight，anticipate，idiom，contrary，anyhow，alongside，owe短語(yǔ)takesb.’sbreathaway，abunchof，contraryto，proceedtosth.，owesth.tosb.句型as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有“正如”之意，位置靈活，常位于句首，也可以放在句中或句末。2.現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)3.Itwasnotuntil...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型4.as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句（1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，“當(dāng)...的時(shí)候；一邊..一邊...；隨著”（3）方式狀語(yǔ)從句，“按照，如同....”（2）原因狀語(yǔ)從句，“因?yàn)椋热弧?because/since/for（4）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，“盡管”（5）比較狀語(yǔ)從句，常用于as...as...句型，意為“像...一樣”語(yǔ)法過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)寫作關(guān)于旅行經(jīng)歷的電子郵件考點(diǎn)1.arisevi.起身；出現(xiàn)；由……引起Thenextmorning，thetwogirlsaroseearlytotakethetraintoLakeLouise,passingthroughtheCanadianRockies.第二天早上，兩個(gè)女孩早早起床，坐火車去路易斯湖，途經(jīng)加拿大落基山脈?！就卣埂縜risefrom/outof由……引起/發(fā)生[易混辨析]易混詞詞性及詞義例句arisevi.(arose,arisen)發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；由……引起，產(chǎn)生Anewcrisishasarisen.risevi.(rose，risen)上升，升起，增長(zhǎng)n．增加，提高；上升；增強(qiáng)Smokerosefromthechimney.raisevt.(raised,raised)提高；舉起；提出；籌集；飼養(yǎng)Heraisedthegunandfired.【經(jīng)典練】①Then,withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.(浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空)隨后，隨著科學(xué)的進(jìn)步，開(kāi)始發(fā)生了變化。②EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.地球日在4月22日舉行，是一項(xiàng)旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年度事件?？键c(diǎn)2.breathn．呼吸的空氣Whenthetrainarrivedatthestation,theytookataxitoLakeLouise，wherethebluewaterliterallytooktheirbreathawaywithitsexceptionalbeauty.(教材P38)火車抵達(dá)后，她們乘坐出租車來(lái)到路易斯湖，那里湛藍(lán)的湖水異常美麗，簡(jiǎn)直令她們驚嘆不已?！就卣埂?1)takesb’sbreathaway令人驚嘆holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸outofbreath氣喘吁吁catchone’sbreath屏息；歇口氣take/drawadeepbreath深呼吸loseone’sbreath喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)(2)breathev.呼吸【經(jīng)典練】①Heheldhisbreath，notdaringtoraisehishead.他屏住了氣，不敢抬起頭來(lái)。②Shewasoutofbreathfromclimbingthestairs.爬樓梯使她上氣不接下氣。③Breathing(breathe)freshair，Robertfeltasifhewassetfreefromacage.呼吸著新鮮的空氣，羅伯特感覺(jué)他就像是從牢籠里被釋放出來(lái)一樣。[語(yǔ)境串記](méi)Theboytookadeepbreathandheldhisbreathbeforehegotintothewater.Thebeautifulcoralreefshesawunderwaterreallytookhisbreathaway.Afteramoment,heputhisheadoutofthewateranditseemedasifhewasoutofbreath,butsoonhebreathednormallyagain.這個(gè)男孩深吸一口氣，屏住呼吸后跳入了水中。他在水下所見(jiàn)的美麗的珊瑚礁非常令人驚嘆。過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，他把頭露出水面，看起來(lái)好像喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)了，但是很快他的呼吸又正常了?？键c(diǎn)3.boundadj.準(zhǔn)備前往(某地)；一定會(huì)Theyspentthenight，andthentookacoachboundnorththroughtheCanadianRockiestoJasper.她們(在那里)過(guò)了一夜，然后乘坐長(zhǎng)途汽車，向北穿越加拿大的落基山脈，來(lái)到賈斯珀?！就卣埂縝eboundto一定做……；必然beboundfor開(kāi)往，前往……【經(jīng)典練】①Whereveryoulive,there’sboundtobesomethinginterestingtodo.不管你住在哪兒，那里一定會(huì)有什么有趣的事情要做。②TheywereoutwardboundfortheGreatBarrierReef.他們出海去大堡礁。③Heisboundtosucceed(succeed)．Let’swishhimallthebest.他一定會(huì)成功的，咱們祝他一切順利吧。[鏈接寫作]補(bǔ)全句子④Therulesarenotsuitableforthedevelopmentofsociety.Theyareboundtobeabolished(一定會(huì)被廢除)someday.⑤Ifyoukeeponworkinghardlikethis，chancesareboundtofavouryou.如果你繼續(xù)這么努力工作的話，機(jī)會(huì)一定會(huì)垂青你的?？键c(diǎn)4.sceneryn．風(fēng)景；景色Lookingatthebeautifulscenery，theybothagreedthatitwasthemostawesomejourneytheyhadevertaken.看著美麗的風(fēng)景，她們都認(rèn)為這是她們經(jīng)歷過(guò)的最好的旅行?！就卣埂縖易混辨析]scene是scenery的一部分，即一個(gè)scenery中有多個(gè)scene，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，為可數(shù)名詞。scenery指一個(gè)地區(qū)總的自然景色，為不可數(shù)名詞。view指從某個(gè)角度(遠(yuǎn)眺、俯視)所看到的景色。sight指某一地區(qū)值得觀看的建筑物、勝地、風(fēng)景等，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！窘?jīng)典練】①It’sahappysceneofchildrenplayinginthegarden.孩子們?cè)诨▓@里玩是一個(gè)快樂(lè)的場(chǎng)景。②Whoeverpassesherewouldstoptoadmirethescenery.但凡路過(guò)這里的人，都要停下來(lái)一覽這里的風(fēng)光。③Thereisafineviewofthemountainsfromourhotelwindow.從我們旅館的窗戶向外看，能看到山巒的美景。④TheGreatWallisoneofthemostbreath－takingsights(sight)intheworld.長(zhǎng)城是世界上最驚人的壯觀景象之一。[鏈接寫作]句式升級(jí)/補(bǔ)全句子⑤WestandonthetopofMountTai.Weareabletoseethebeautifulsceneryofthewholecity.→StandingonthetopofMountTai,weareabletohaveagoodviewofthebeautifulsceneryofthewholecity.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))⑥Thecolorsofthebrownrocks,thedeepgreenpinetrees,andthelateafternoonsunmixedtocreateamagicscene．棕色的巖石、深綠的松樹(shù)和傍晚的陽(yáng)光混合在一起，創(chuàng)造出一種神奇的景色?？键c(diǎn)5.freezingadj.極冷的；冰凍的Edmontonisfreezingcoldinwinter,withdailytemperaturesaveraging－10℃.埃德蒙頓的冬天非常寒冷，日平均氣溫為－10℃?！就卣埂?1)freezingpoint冰點(diǎn)，凝固點(diǎn)freezingcold非常冷freezingtemperature凍結(jié)溫度，凍結(jié)點(diǎn)；冰點(diǎn)；凝固溫度f(wàn)reezingmachine冷凝機(jī)(2)freezevt.&vi.(froze，frozen)結(jié)冰；凍??；(使)凍死n．[C]凍結(jié)freezewithterror嚇呆(3)frozenadj.冷凍的；冰封的；凍僵的(4)freezern．[C]冷凍柜，冰柜[名師提醒]freezingwater指冰冷的水，frozenwater指已經(jīng)結(jié)冰了的水?！窘?jīng)典練】①Itishardtoimaginewhatitisliketosleeproughatanytime,butdoublysointhecurrentfreezing(freeze)weather.無(wú)論何時(shí)，露宿街頭的滋味都是難以想象的，更何況是在現(xiàn)在這么冷的天氣里。②Ifrozewithterrorasthedoorslowlyopened.門慢慢開(kāi)啟時(shí)我嚇呆了。③I’mabsolutelyfrozen！我簡(jiǎn)直凍僵了！考點(diǎn)6.allinall總的說(shuō)來(lái)，大體而言；總而言之Allinall，theirtripfromVancouvertoTorontohadtakenadurationoffourdays.總而言之，她們從溫哥華到多倫多的旅行歷時(shí)四天?！就卣埂縜boveall尤其是，最重要的是(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)afterall畢竟，終究inall(＝intotal，totally)總共，共計(jì)firstofall首先，第一(強(qiáng)調(diào)順序)allatonce突然，忽然；同時(shí)(not)atall完全(不)，一點(diǎn)也(不)(常用于否定句)【經(jīng)典練】①Hehasfaults,butallinallheisanoutstandingplayer.他有缺點(diǎn)，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，他是一名杰出的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。②Don’tworryaboutit.Allinall，you’vedoneverywellinschool.別擔(dān)心了，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，你在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)很不錯(cuò)。[鏈接寫作]用all的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全句子③Iamgladtojoinyouinthisgame,butfirstofallpleaseallowmetointroducemyselftoyou.④Tobegreat,youmustbesmart，confident,andaboveall,honest.⑤Thepartyisn’tsogood,butallinallIconsideritasuccess.⑥Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,younevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression.⑦Hespentverylittletimeatschool，perhapsnomorethanoneyearinall．考點(diǎn)7.Ratherthantravelbymercialairlinealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrain.她們決定先乘飛機(jī)到溫哥華，然后再坐火車，而不是乘商業(yè)航空公司的飛機(jī)?！就卣埂縭atherthan而不是；寧可……也不愿(用于連接兩個(gè)并列成分)?！窘?jīng)典練】①Theseoutdoorclothesarefortableratherthanpretty.這些戶外服裝穿起來(lái)舒服，但并不漂亮。②Heisabiologistratherthanaphysicist.他是生物學(xué)家而不是物理學(xué)家。③LoveFone，apanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoning(abandon)them,openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2016.LoveFone是一家提倡修理而不是丟棄的公司，2016年它在倫敦一個(gè)亭開(kāi)設(shè)了一個(gè)小型車間。④Hedecidedtorelyonhimselfratherthanseek(seek)helpfromhisfriends.他決定靠自己而不向朋友求助。[名師提醒]妙用ratherthan(1)ratherthan連接兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與ratherthan前面的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(2)ratherthan連接兩個(gè)不定式時(shí)，第二個(gè)不定式的to可以省略。但是ratherthan位于句首時(shí)，跟不帶to的不定式。[鏈接寫作]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換⑤Iwouldratherstarvethanbeginthestreet.→Iprefertostarveratherthanbeginthestreet.考點(diǎn)8.Itwasnotuntil9：30a．m.thattheyfinallyreachedthecapitalofOntario，Toronto.直到上午9點(diǎn)半，她們才終于到了安大略省的首府多倫多?！就卣埂勘揪錇閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)?！皀ot...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)意為“直到……才……”。until后既可以接表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)，也可以接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was...that/who...”。用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)not...until...進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要把notuntil放在一起進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，且應(yīng)用that，故其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”?！窘?jīng)典練】①Itwasnotuntilmidnightthatthenoiseonthestreetstopped.直到半夜，街道上的噪音才停止。②ItwasnotuntilIvisitedGuilinthatIfounditworthyofthereputation.直到去桂林游玩后我才發(fā)現(xiàn)它名不虛傳。[名師提醒]notuntil放在句首時(shí)，句子或主句要使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Notuntil...＋助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋(句子/主句)主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋其他”。③Notuntilnextweekwillthesportsmeetingbeheld.直到下周才開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。④Notuntilthesnowstoppeddidheleavetheroom.雪停了之后他才離開(kāi)這個(gè)房間。[鏈接寫作]一句多譯/用not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型翻譯句子⑤直到出國(guó)他才意識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性?！鶬twasnotuntilhewentabroadthatherealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.→NotuntilhewentabroaddidherealizetheimportanceofEnglish.⑥直到上了高中我才意識(shí)到父母是多么正確。ItwasnotuntilIenteredhighschoolthatIrealizedhowrightmyparentswere.考點(diǎn)9.contraryadj.相反的；相對(duì)立的n．相反的事實(shí)(或事情)Well,contrarytowhatmanypeoplebelieve,therearealotofvastandemptyspacesinChina,actually.嗯，與許多人想的相反，實(shí)際上中國(guó)有很多廣闊而空曠的地方?！就卣埂縞ontraryto相反的；相對(duì)立的onthecontrary正相反；恰恰相反tothecontrary相反的；相反地【經(jīng)典練】①Itwasn’tagoodthing.Onthecontrary,itwasahugemistake.這不是好事。恰恰相反，這是一個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤。②Thereisnoevidencetothecontrary.沒(méi)有相反的證據(jù)。[鏈接寫作]用contrary的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全句子③Contrarytostudentsinhighschool/Contrarytohighschoolstudents(與高中生相反)，studentsincollegemayhavealotoffreetimebetweenclasses.④Ifyouassociatewithpositive－thinkingpeople,youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.On/Quitethecontrary(與此相反)，theoppositehappens.考點(diǎn)10.anyhowadv.(結(jié)束交談或轉(zhuǎn)換話題時(shí))不過(guò)；反正Anyhow,thenextstationismystop！反正我下站就到了！【拓展】[易混辨析]易混詞含義somehow意為“以某種方式；不知怎么地；由于某種原因”。Wemustfindmoneyfortherentsomehow.我們必須得想辦法找到錢付房租。anyhow意為“盡管如此；反正”，相當(dāng)于anyway。Itmayrain,butIshallgooutanyhow.也許會(huì)下雨，但不管怎樣我都要出去?！窘?jīng)典練】Somehow，thecontainertheteachergaveWilsontoheatmistakenlyheldsomethingmorevolatile(易揮發(fā)的)thanwater.不知怎么地，老師給威爾遜加熱的容器誤裝了比水更容易揮發(fā)的東西?？键c(diǎn)11.astonishvt.使十分驚訝；使吃驚Standinginthedistance,theywereastonishedtoseemistycloudsrisingfromthegreatNiagaraFalls,whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.她們站在遠(yuǎn)處眺望，看到湖的南邊從尼亞加拉大瀑布上升騰而起的水霧，感到非常震撼?！就卣埂?1)Itastonishessbthat...令某人吃驚的是……Whatastonishessbis...(sth/that從句)使某人吃驚的是……(2)astonishedadj.吃驚的beastonishedat/bysth對(duì)某事感到驚訝beastonishedtofind/hear/see...驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)/聽(tīng)說(shuō)/看見(jiàn)……(3)astonishingadj.令人驚訝的(4)astonishmentn.驚訝，驚異inastonishment驚訝地【經(jīng)典練】①Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)寺廟還是原來(lái)的樣子。②Wewereallastonishedatthenewsthathehadpassedhisdrivingtest.聽(tīng)到他通過(guò)了駕駛考試的消息，我們都感到驚訝。③Itastonishedmethathecouldbesothoughtless.令我吃驚的是，他竟如此輕率。④Totheastonishmentofthepublic,uptonow,thegovernmenthasn’treactedtotheproblem.令公眾驚訝的是，到目前為止，政府還沒(méi)有對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做出反應(yīng)。⑤AfterItoldherthenews,shestaredatmeinastonishment.我把消息告訴她之后，她驚訝地盯著我看。[鏈接寫作]補(bǔ)全句子⑥Tomyastonishment,theyseemedastonishedatthenotastonishingnews,andlookedatmeinastonishment．令我吃驚的是，他們聽(tīng)到這個(gè)并不令人驚訝的消息時(shí)似乎大吃一驚，并驚訝地望著我?？键c(diǎn)12.owevt.欠(賬、債、情等)Youoweittoyourselvestostaylonger.你們應(yīng)該多待一會(huì)兒?！就卣埂?1)owesthtosb＝owesbsth欠(某人人情)；欠某人某物；把……歸功于某人owesbanexplanation/apology該向某人解釋/致歉owesbalot/agreatdeal非常感激某人(2)owingadj.未付的；欠著的owingtoprep.由于；因?yàn)椤窘?jīng)典練】①Iowemyparentsalotforeverythingthey’vedoneforme.我非常感激父母為我所做的一切。②Owingtotheshower,thebaseballgamewasinterrupted.棒球比賽因?yàn)殛囉甓鴷和Ａ?。[名師提醒]owingto的近義表達(dá)有：asaresultof,thanksto,dueto,becauseof,onaccountof,asaconsequenceof。[鏈接寫作]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換/單句寫作③Youowemorethangoldtohimwhoisinfavourofyou.→Youowehimmorethangoldwhoisinfavourofyou.④我應(yīng)該為我今天早上說(shuō)的話向你道歉。IoweyouanapologyforwhatIsaidthismorning.⑤他把他的成就歸因于努力工作。Heoweshisachievementstohardwork.⑥你應(yīng)該停止擔(dān)心工作上的事——你自己應(yīng)該和家人享受周末。Youneedtostopworryingaboutwork—youoweittoyourselftoenjoytheweekendswithyourfamily.考點(diǎn)13.Standinginthedistance,theywereastonishedtoseemistycloudsrisingfromthegreatNiagaraFalls,whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.她們站在遠(yuǎn)處眺望，看到湖的南邊從尼亞加拉大瀑布上升騰而起的水霧，感到非常震撼?！就卣埂烤渲屑雍诓糠譃椤皊ee＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)既可以是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，也可以是現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。結(jié)構(gòu)含義例句seesbdo看到動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程①Isawhimenterthehall.我看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)了大廳。seesbdoing看到動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行②Isawhimplaying(play)neartheriver.我看見(jiàn)他正在河邊玩。seesbdone看到某人被……③Isawhimknocked(knock)downbyacar.我看見(jiàn)他被一輛小汽車撞倒了?！就卣埂?1)感官動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除see外還有一些感官動(dòng)詞，如hear，notice，watch，feel等，也可用不帶to的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。④Assoonasheenteredtheoffice，henoticedhiscupbroken.他一進(jìn)辦公室就注意到他的杯子被打碎了?！就卣埂?2)不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，如變成被動(dòng)句，需加上to，這時(shí)不定式成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，如變成被動(dòng)句，則不需要變化，可直接用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。⑤IheardthestudentssinganEnglishsong.→Thestudentswereheardtosing(sing)anEnglishsong.我聽(tīng)到學(xué)生們唱了一首英文歌。⑥IheardthestudentssinginganEnglishsong.→ThestudentswereheardsinginganEnglishsong.我聽(tīng)到學(xué)生們正在唱一首英文歌。[鏈接寫作]補(bǔ)全句子⑦Theynoticedfiftyandtwentydollarbillsfloatinginthewater．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)他們注意到水中漂浮著一些50和20美元的紙幣。一．語(yǔ)法精講——過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)思維導(dǎo)圖【經(jīng)典練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Forbothofthem,thethoughtofcrossingthewholecountrybyrailwasexciting(excite)．②Beforestartingout,theyspentacoupleofdaysinVancouver，seeing(see)thesights.③Thenextdaywasclearandmild,andtheywerepleased(please)toseethebeautifulmountainslookingoutoverthecity.④Thenextmorning,thetwogirlsaroseearlytotakethetraintoLakeLouise,passing(pass)throughtheCanadianRockies.⑤Seen(see)fromthetrainwindow,themountainsandforestsofCanadalookedmassive.⑥Looking(look)atthebeautifulscenery,theybothagreedthatitwasthemostawesomejourneytheyhadevertaken.⑦However,theydidnotanticipateseeingsuchanopencountry，andweretrulyamazed(amaze)．⑧Thebushesandmapletreesoutsidetheirwindowswerered,gold,andorange,andtherewasfrostontheground，confirming(confirm)thatautumnhadarrivedinCanada.【自主發(fā)現(xiàn)】1．第③句和第⑦句的過(guò)去分詞分別位于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)；第⑤句的過(guò)去分詞在句首，作狀語(yǔ)。2．第①句的現(xiàn)在分詞位于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)。第②句，第④句；第⑥句和第⑧句的現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。Ⅰ.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的基本用法1．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或所具備的特征，多位于系動(dòng)詞之后。這些系動(dòng)詞有be，remain，feel，seem，look，bee等。Thedoorremainedlocked.門仍然鎖著。2．有些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，已經(jīng)具有了形容詞的性質(zhì)，最常見(jiàn)的有：amazed，delighted，disappointed，discouraged，amused，astonished，tired,satisfied，pleased,surprised，worried，excited，annoyed，puzzled等。Wewereamazedatthebeautyofthelake.這個(gè)湖泊的美使我們感到驚奇。Shewasdisappointedatthenews.她對(duì)這個(gè)消息感到失望。HelookedpuzzledsoIrepeatedthequestion.他好像并沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，所以我把問(wèn)題重復(fù)了一遍。3．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相似，區(qū)別在于過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示的是一種狀態(tài)或特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，且后面常跟by短語(yǔ)。比較下面兩組句子：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(Theywereshockedaboutthenews.,他們對(duì)這個(gè)消息感到震驚。（狀態(tài)）,Iwasshockedbyhiswords.,我被他的話震驚了。（被動(dòng)）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(Theglassisbroken.,玻璃碎了。（狀態(tài)）,Theglasswasbrokenbyhim.,玻璃被他打碎了。（被動(dòng)）))二、過(guò)去分詞與動(dòng)詞－ing形式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別英語(yǔ)中有很多與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)詞－ing形式意為“令人……的”，多用來(lái)形容物；其過(guò)去分詞意為“感到……的”，多用來(lái)形容人、人的聲音或表情等。這類詞常見(jiàn)的有：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(exciting令人激動(dòng)的,excited激動(dòng)的，興奮的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(surprising令人驚訝的,surprised感到驚訝的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(encouraging令人鼓舞的,encouraged受到鼓舞的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(frightening使驚恐的,frightened受驚的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(interesting令人感興趣的,interested感興趣的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(moving令人感動(dòng)的,moved受感動(dòng)的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(pleasing令人高興的,pleased滿意的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(shocking令人震驚的,shocked感到震驚的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(tiring令人感到累的,tired累的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(worrying令人擔(dān)心的,worried感到擔(dān)心的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(satisfying令人滿意的,satisfied滿意的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(puzzling令人迷惑的,puzzled感到迷惑的))【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thesekidsaresoabsorbed(absorb)intheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)②Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbeetrapped(trap)init.(天津卷)③Thefrightenedlookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasfrightenedbythefrighteningscene.(frighten)④Thenewswasexcitingandtheywereallexcitedatit.(excite)⑤Weallfeltencouragedattheencouragingnews.(encourage)⑥Theaudiencewereallmovedtotearsbythemovingfilm.(move)Ⅱ.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的類型過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、讓步、條件、原因、方式和結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，且與主句主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1．作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?？稍谶^(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“when，while，until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。Ordinarysoap，usedcorrectly，candealwithbacteriaeffectively.正確使用普通肥皂能有效地對(duì)付細(xì)菌。2．作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。Absorbedinpainting，Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting，hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝Johnwasabsorbedinpainting，sohedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于專心畫畫，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。3．作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句?？杉舆B詞if，unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Usedwithcare，onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果小心使用，一罐可以用六周。4．作讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Defeatedbyhisopponent，henevergaveupanyhope.＝Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent，henevergaveupanyhope.盡管被對(duì)手擊敗，但是他從沒(méi)放棄希望。5．作方式、伴隨狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于and連接的并列句。Sheacceptedthegift，deeplymoved.＝Sheacceptedthegift，andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了禮物，被深深地感動(dòng)了。[名師提醒]過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)表狀態(tài)值得注意的是，有些過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)而重在描述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))常見(jiàn)的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)；dressedin(穿著)；tiredof(厭煩)等。Lostinthought，hedidn’thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中，他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到鈴聲?！窘?jīng)典練】(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Developed(develop)bytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.②Technologicalinnovations,bined(bine)withgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.(2020·江蘇卷)③Children,whenacpanied(acpany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.④Founded(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.⑤Translated(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(2)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換⑥Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.→Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.⑦Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythefilm,thechildrenbegantocry.→Deeplymovedbythefilm,thechildrenbegantocry.⑧Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.→Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.⑨Thepresidentofthepanycametothefactory,andhewasfollowedbysomeworkers.→Thepresidentofthepanycametothefactory,followedbysomeworkers.二、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置過(guò)去分詞作條件、原因及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句末；作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在句末，有時(shí)也放在句首；作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在句首，有時(shí)也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill，LiLeihurriedhomequickly.(原因狀語(yǔ))得知母親生病了，李雷迅速趕回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom，supportedbyhisson.(方式狀語(yǔ))老人在兒子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。三、過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)在分詞前加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種帶有自身邏輯主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞被稱為過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？杀硎緯r(shí)間、原因、條件等。Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.很多時(shí)間都坐在辦公桌旁，辦公室職員一般都受到健康問(wèn)題的困擾。四、過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表示被動(dòng)；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)。[巧學(xué)助記](méi)分詞作狀語(yǔ)記憶口訣分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是問(wèn)題。前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)找出后，再來(lái)判關(guān)系。主動(dòng)用－ing，被動(dòng)用－ed。Usedforalongtime，thebooklooksold.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去陳舊。Usingthebook，Ifinditveryuseful.(主謂關(guān)系)在使用這本書時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有用。[名師提醒]分詞作狀語(yǔ)誤區(qū)警示無(wú)論是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等其他表達(dá)形式。Ifcaught，thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)Ifcaught，thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)Ifthethiefiscaught，thepolicewillpunishthethief.(√)【經(jīng)典練】(1)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子①Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion－and－answersessionfollowed.→Thelecturegiven,alivelyquestion－and－answersessionfollowed.②Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofthemshippedtoforeigncountries．③Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.→Extramoneygiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.(2)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空④WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.⑤—WhereisJimmy?—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree，absorbed(absorb)inhisvideogames.二．寫作精講——關(guān)于旅行經(jīng)歷的電子郵件一、寫作分析本單元的寫作任務(wù)是寫一封電子郵件，電子郵件是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代人們進(jìn)行書面交流的重要文體，應(yīng)引起我們的高度重視。二、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)基本框架1．開(kāi)頭：在電子郵件開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)明目的非常重要，這樣才能更好地引出郵件的主要內(nèi)容。2．正文：這是電子郵件的主要部分，大多把話題分成幾個(gè)小主題，每個(gè)小主題一段。寫電子郵件語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)潔，通常多使用短句，意思要清楚。當(dāng)然，對(duì)重點(diǎn)部分要作詳細(xì)介紹。內(nèi)容較多時(shí)可以以附件的形式發(fā)出。3．結(jié)尾：常用敬語(yǔ)，表示客套和禮節(jié)，措辭應(yīng)恰當(dāng)。一、常用詞匯1．goonatrip去旅行2．checkin報(bào)到；登記3．checkout查明；結(jié)賬4．bookaroom預(yù)訂房間5．a(chǎn)summerresort避暑勝地6．a(chǎn)must－seeplace必游之地7．a(chǎn)dreamtrip夢(mèng)想之旅8．eupwith想出9．besurroundedby被……環(huán)繞10．tostartwith首先11．meetattheschoolgate在校門口集合二、常用句式1．郵件開(kāi)頭常用表達(dá)①Knowingthatyouwanttoknow...，I’mwritingtotellyouthat...我知道你想了解……，所以我寫郵件告訴你……②I’mextremelydelightedtoreceiveyouremail.AndIwouldliketowriteanemailtotellyouthat..我很高興收到你的電子郵件，我想寫封郵件告訴你……2．郵件主體常用表達(dá)(旅行經(jīng)歷)(1)常用短語(yǔ)①apleasanttrip(to...)(去……的)一次令人愉快的旅行②attractvisitorsfromallovertheworld吸引來(lái)自全世界的游客③abeautifulcitybythesea一座美麗的海濱城市(2)常用句式①Whatimpressedmemostduringthetripisthat...旅行中最讓我印象深刻的是……②Wepaidavisitto...我們參觀了……③Theplaceislocatedin...這個(gè)地方坐落于……④Theplaceiswell－knownfor...這個(gè)地方以……而聞名。⑤Ienjoyedapleasanttripto...withmyparentsthissummerholiday.今年暑假我和父母享受了一次愉快的……之旅。⑥...isabeautifulgardencity，withcleanstreetsandvariousbuildings.……是一座漂亮的花園城市，有著干凈的街道和各種各樣的建筑。⑦Wevisitedthecoveredstadium，whichishomeofseveralfamousbasketballteams.我們參觀了室內(nèi)體育場(chǎng)，那里是幾支著名籃球隊(duì)的駐地。3．郵件結(jié)尾常用表達(dá)①I’mlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourconvenience.我期待著你方便時(shí)給我回復(fù)。②Ihopeyouwillhavefunin...我希望你能在……玩得開(kāi)心。假設(shè)你是王陽(yáng)，你的網(wǎng)友李明給你發(fā)來(lái)電子郵件，告訴你今年寒假他要去國(guó)外旅行，想讓你給他一些有關(guān)國(guó)外旅行的建議。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的提示給他回一封100詞左右的電子郵件。1．建議：①事先了解該國(guó)語(yǔ)言、歷史、文化及風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣；②保管好身份證、護(hù)照、錢及其他貴重物品；③遵守當(dāng)?shù)胤桑鹬禺?dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣；④遇到麻煩，向警察或中國(guó)大使館求助。2．祝李明旅途愉快。注意：可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：大使館embassy第一步審題謀篇第二步要點(diǎn)翻譯1．知道你寒假要到國(guó)外旅行，我很高興。I’mverygladtoknowthatyouwilltravelabroadtospendyourwintervacation.2．我愿意給你一些建議。I’dliketogiveyousometips．3．這些建議將有助于你安全快樂(lè)地旅行。Thetipswillhelpyoutravelsafelyandhappily．4．為了旅途愉快，你應(yīng)該了解該國(guó)語(yǔ)言、歷史、文化及風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。Inordertoenjoyyourtrip，youshouldlearnaboutthelanguage，history，cultureandcustomsofthecountries.5．當(dāng)你旅行的時(shí)候保管好你的物品，例如身份證、護(hù)照、錢及其他貴重物品。Whentravelling，keepaneyeonthethingsyoutake，suchasyourIDcard,passport,moneyandothervaluablethings.6．除此之外，不同的國(guó)家有不同的法律和風(fēng)俗。Inaddition，differentcountriesmayhavedifferentlawsandcustoms．7．你必須尊重和遵守當(dāng)?shù)胤珊惋L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。Youmustobeylocallawsandcustoms．8．你處境困難。Youareintrouble．9．你應(yīng)求助警察或中國(guó)大使館。YoushouldturntoapolicemanorgototheChineseembassy.第三步詞句升級(jí)1．用定語(yǔ)從句合并句2、3。I’dliketogiveyousometipsthatwillhelpyoutravelsafelyandhappily.2．用狀語(yǔ)從句合并句8、9。If/Whenyouareintrouble,turntoapolicemanorgototheChineseembassy.第四步連句成篇DearLiMing，I’mverygladtoknowthatyouwilltravelabroadtospendyourwintervacation.I’dliketogiveyousometipsthatwillhelpyoutravelsafelyandhappily.Firstofall,inordertoenjoyyourtrip，youshouldlearnaboutthelanguage,history,cultureandcustomsofthecountries.Second,whentravelling,keepaneyeonthethingsyoutake,suchasyourIDcard,passport,moneyandothervaluablethings.Inaddition,differentcountriesmayhavedifferentlawsandcustoms,andyoumustobeylocallawsandcustoms.Finally,ifyouareintrouble,turntoapolicemanorgototheChineseembassy.Haveagoodjourney!Sincerely，WangYang假定你是李華，暑假期間你和父母一起外出旅游玩得很開(kāi)心，你想將你的旅游經(jīng)歷與你的英國(guó)筆友Tom分享，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)給他寫一封100詞左右的電子郵件。內(nèi)容包括：1．介紹你游覽的地方；2．你旅游后的收獲；3．邀請(qǐng)他一起去那里旅游。注意：1.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；2．開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出。DearTom，I’dliketosharemytravelexperiencewithyou.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHua【參考范文】DearTom，I’dliketosharemytravelexperiencewithyou.Duringthissummerholiday,myparentsandIwentonatriptothecapitalcityofTibet,Lhasa,whichisalsothepolitical，economicandculturalcentreoftheregion.WefirstvisitedthePotalaPalacewhichwasoriginallybuiltinthe7thcentury.Andthen,weappreciatedarichcollectionofculturaltreasuresinTibetMuseumwherewelearntsomeusefulhistoricalknowledgeaboutTibet.Duringthosedays，wewereallsurprisedbythenaturalscenerythere.Itmadeusfeelpeacefulandquiet.IstronglysuggestthatyoutraveltoTibetwithmenexttimeandI’msureyouwillhaveawonderfultime.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHuapleasantadj.令人愉快的；友好的pleasevt.使高興literallyadv.字面上；真正地breathn.呼吸的空氣breathev.呼吸breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的freezingadj.極冷的；冰凍的freeze(froze,frozen)vi.&vt.結(jié)冰；（使）凍住anticipatevt.預(yù)料；預(yù)見(jiàn)；期望anticipationn.預(yù)料；預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)期thundern.雷聲；轟隆聲vi.打雷；轟隆隆地響；轟隆隆地快速移動(dòng)thundering如雷鳴般的/thunderousfrostn.霜；嚴(yán)寒天氣；霜凍vt.使蒙上霜；vi.結(jié)霜frostyadj.嚴(yán)寒的；霜凍的；結(jié)霜的durationn.持續(xù)時(shí)間；期間duringprep.在......期間astonishvt.使十分驚訝