校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測匯總

西華師范大學生命科學學院——校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測實驗報告監(jiān)測小組成員：班級：2011級7班指導老師：監(jiān)測時間：2013.12.9—2013.12.18在我們的生活中，處處充滿了聲音。有喜悅的，有悲傷的，亦有激動的聲音。那么，有了那么多形形色色的聲音，也會有許許多多的問題。比如說，噪聲。

噪聲像毒霧一樣，彌漫在人們周圍。就拿大學校園來說，大學校園是莘莘學子追求知識，放飛夢想的殿堂，是充實自我，鍛煉能力的地方。在無數(shù)人的印象中，恬靜的適宜學習的氛圍一直是大學校園的代名詞。但是，如今在大學校園里，存在著形形色色的噪聲污染。噪聲是一種環(huán)境污染，它被認為是僅次于大氣污染和水污染的第三大公害。噪聲污染是指所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境噪聲超過國家規(guī)定的環(huán)境噪聲排放標準。并干擾他人正常工作、學習、生活的現(xiàn)象。日常生活中的噪聲強度雖然不會致人或動物于死地，卻能危害人的健康。世界各國都很重視噪聲問題，把噪聲污染列為主要的環(huán)境污染公害之一。因此本實驗以校園為監(jiān)測對象進行校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測實驗。實驗目的

通過對校園環(huán)境噪聲進行測定，熟悉噪聲監(jiān)測的過程和方法，學會噪聲監(jiān)測點位的布設和優(yōu)化；掌握聲級計的使用方法

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掌握環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測技術分析噪聲監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，對校園環(huán)境噪聲做出評價，初步了解噪聲評估方法；

通過這次實驗將所學知識運用于實踐，初步接觸環(huán)境者的工作方法，為以后走向工作崗位打基礎。布點根據(jù)《聲環(huán)境質量標準》（GB3096-2008）附錄B《聲環(huán)境功能區(qū)監(jiān)測方法》中的功能區(qū)布點法布點，并在此基礎上根據(jù)實地環(huán)境進行調整選取比較具有代表性的點。校區(qū)共分為八個點布點如下圖：

實驗條件1、天氣條件要求在無雨無雪的時間。2、風力在三級以上應加風罩，五級以上應停止測量。（四）4號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：燈光球場與專家樓之間的天橋布點原因：為高速路出口處，兩旁是教學區(qū)和職工居住區(qū)。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差65.570773.470.063.156.7<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差69.962676.574.267.857.3<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差64.926071.468.963.056.4<10從上述三個表可以看出上午和晚上的leq值在65分貝左右，主要噪聲來源是高速路口車輛流動，鳴喇叭等聲音。下午的時候leq值接近70分貝，其比上午和晚上高的原因是下午的車流量比早上和晚上大。全天的L90與L10的差值都在5，6分貝左右，主要原因可能為間斷性的車輛流動，鳴笛，剎車減速等。由GB3096-2008可得結果為符合3類區(qū)域。其聲音削減到教學區(qū)和住宿區(qū)時可達1類標準。（五）5號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：二期大門門口布點原因：外有一個三岔路口，且有大量學生出入。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差63.402072.067.660.253.3<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差62.833471.167.059.354.6<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差65.034771.469.463.357.4<10從上述三個圖可以看出該點全天的Leq比較均衡，在60-65間波動，因為該點靠近校外，并且接近馬路，眾多攤販及車輛來往，使得該點噪聲水平在一天都比較高。由GB3096-2008可得結果為符合3類區(qū)域。其聲音削減到教學區(qū)和住宿區(qū)時可達1類標準。（六）6號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：與學校對面建筑施工場地所對應的通往奔牛廣場的道路布點原因：校外的施工隊及交通干線的干擾。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差60.312372.363.258.954.3<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差62.704976.265.954.450.6<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差61.254667.964.360.657.1<10從以上三個圖看出，全天Leq在60—62間波動，該點與校外有一墻之隔，且點與圍墻之間有眾多喬木、灌木能對墻外的噪聲起到吸收、緩沖的作用。使該點噪聲水平與二期校門口相比，略有減弱。聲音削減后可達1類標準區(qū)域。（七）7號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：C、D棟教學樓與13公寓所夾的道路路口布點原因：上下課及進出公寓學生所發(fā)出的聲音。數(shù)據(jù)分析：10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差68.523673.671.667.664.9<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差63.254567.466.362.658.3<1021：00—22：10數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差52.466958.156.750.847.0<10從以上三個圖看出，該點的波動相對較大50-60-70。當處于周一至周五時，同學們要上自習及上課，以及路旁車輛來往，造成該點噪聲水平較高；當處于周末，上自習、及上課的同學相對少，過往車輛也減少，噪聲水平相對減弱。噪聲水平在三個時間段，有明顯差別，與人的活動和作息規(guī)律有關。由GB3096-2008可得結果為符合1類標準。（八）8號點數(shù)據(jù)布點位置：二期食堂布點原因：食堂做飯打菜時發(fā)出的聲響，大量人流流動及說話的聲音，食堂多個電視發(fā)出的聲音。10：30—12：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差73.743679.076.073.270.9<1016：30—18：00數(shù)據(jù)變化如下圖所示LeqLmaxL10L50L90標準差74.07778.376.573.869.7<10從以上兩個圖看出，食堂噪聲水平Leq在70以上。該點測量時間段，選定在下課吃飯時間，可想而知，噪聲水平在該時間段較為均衡，波動不大。在GB3096-2008屬于4類區(qū)域，有噪聲污染。但聲音削減到住宿休息區(qū)時為1類或2類區(qū)域。整體評價暨校園噪聲分析：附表綜合十天來全校區(qū)8個測點22個時段2800個數(shù)據(jù)的監(jiān)測情況，根據(jù)《聲環(huán)境質量標準》（GB3096-2008）I類聲功能區(qū)晝間限值55dB(A),整個校園聲環(huán)境大體很好，符合文教區(qū)要求，只是布點①晚上有噪聲污染，主要原因為校外影院和ktv和大量人員流動等。兩個食堂的音量在GB3096-2008屬于4類區(qū)域，有噪聲污染。校門口和交通干線所對的校內道路屬于3類區(qū)域，但是由于其離教學區(qū)和宿舍休息區(qū)有一定的距離，到了宿舍區(qū)和教學區(qū)時聲音可削減到1類標準區(qū)域。食堂旁有一施工點，但是沒有每日連續(xù)施工，故沒有考慮進總的噪聲評價中?？偟膩碚f聲音經(jīng)削減后到達教學區(qū)和宿舍休息區(qū)時大體為1類標準區(qū)域，符合文教區(qū)要求。產(chǎn)生噪聲的因素主要有：校園內來往機動車發(fā)動機聲音、車輛鳴笛聲、校園內施工工地噪聲、人群交談聲。要創(chuàng)造更安靜的校園環(huán)境我們應該從以下方面改善：校園內禁止鳴笛；同學們進出教學樓時不要大聲喧嘩；綠化面積;可適當加入隔音措施（例如校園周邊種植喬木，灌木等）。七、監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)總表周一10：30-12:0063.365.860.459.061.869.768.373.461.762.260.562.260.164.166.971.559.763.157.758.158.856.856.870.655.971.265.157.362.066.766.771.751.754.761.653.965.968.168.173.653.173.264.960.963.367.267.272.457.166.462.462.670.067.567.573.864.362.355.163.465.368.168.172.154.468.660.655.473.869.069.075.556.657.857.158.361.371.371.374.816:30-18:0062.766.054.454.758.666.965.072.961.271.055.151.959.967.562.975.057.572.157.753.964.168.264.473.954.976.359.252.456.270.066.373.658.174.261.155.358.769.559.275.652.671.157.851.157.966.860.574.855.267.861.547.261.269.763.276.459.263.061.253.261.071.064.573.850.868.155.250.856.564.262.177.559.558.664.159.558.868.560.972.721:00-22:1561.765.863.460.157.656.365.566.061.261.451.353.363.062.563.362.561.850.764.869.468.258.857.349.264.370.765.261.162.252.762.968.167.264.957.851.464.058.370.761.156.049.466.260.168.361.757.457.961.059.657.458.453.747.167.857.356.759.961.451.314562378周二同上62.362.169.966.060.058.768.273.362.861.065.261.861.261.367.072.558.959.157.062.358.359.071.271.757.261.268.170.063.267.668.672.352.363.966.258.562.754.570.373.754.564.167.572.359.561.267.571.856.869.869.465.462.462.964.972.661.264.266.361.256.760.065.572.959.972.369.567.361.857.467.875.462.064.072.057.657.959.365.274.363.357.967.068.051.258.965.172.862.161.068.370.154.854.267.275.061.063.268.972.559.952.364.473.958.957.371.071.358.252.467.373.255.558.966.376.260.755.658.375.857.256.469.575.158.852.160.774.650.162.067.268.662.550.762.574.756.161.770.065.362.150.264.676.559.758.571.167.456.353.360.772.358.057.462.259.664.749.965.577.761.866.162.759.063.555.466.166.061.12.061.153.663.261.762.959.663.249.864.268.467.861.368.148.765.169.266.163.465.351.660.957.166.960.367.252.762.159.370.362.570.648.665.458.671.458.368.256.865.956.458.659.657.350.467.968.659.757.156.348.3周三同上62.364.91.758.961.069.669.072.462.661.863.962.160.463.467.673.558.964.261.457.458.757.873.669.856.770.055.353.861.366.467.874.652.356.759.659.664.367.570.175.352.973.458.161.463.267.367.376.056.165.464.262.561.468.566.475.464.263.256.654.369.866.368.974.853.467.859.157.974.068.771.376.356.859.058.356.460.570.065.177.162.469.454.654.358.767.464.875.161.371.055.053.056.469.361.875.457.672.157.653.963.069.463.574.954.974.358.152.457.870.565.276.759.172.560.054.556.068.758.476.363.667.858.850.663.266.962.473.856.269.460.549.362.372.461.776.560.073.563.252.758.569.059.972.858.974.259.749.858.665.465.675.758.775.064.159.659.369.164.174.658.167.462.159.456.354.260.366.361.060.151.453.661.261.663.259.659.649.857.962.767.164.356.748.758.470.668.961.257.646.956.868.170.058.954.049.163.259.471.057.656.450.664.557.269.464.560.051.560.459.363.563.257.454.059.169.462.365.160.456.1周四同上62.366.059.158.160.968.069.173.260.967.161.461.358.167.367.472.151.670.965.757.362.459.966.571.453.453.667.654.066.366.470.169.952.172.258.362.367.169.168.673.754.668.761.563.468.067.269.473.652.556.362.359.066.571.473.072.153.657.663.458.464.068.568.775.854.565.163.660.563.869.366.374.656.064.360.061.662.359.659.072.560.463.554.154.657.767.465.174.661.371.355.650.863.369.559.677.057.672.457.153.861.467.558.376.355.975.358.653.162.073.066.375.454.374.659.355.765.164.667.176.556.271.460.056.359.667.667.469.956.669.861.353.758.764.563.576.557.363.455.659.056.472.562.373.254.066.754.356.760.563.759.674.959.367.660.254.459.960.458.572.860.867.153.157.153.656.164.066.556.757.956.453.261.268.357.164.055.549.165.071.457.463.254.347.363.159.062.562.157.146.960.458.461.059.356.047.059.657.664.059.859.346.564.664.563.460.360.144.564.763.466.064.258.446.863.960.065.359.757.547.4周五同上51.258.071.058.558.669.268.574.063.173.356.361.758.363.966.472.351.461.669.257.657.656.572.671.759.662.563.656.859.366.267.472.655.865.466.253.460.067.670.973.451.563.167.6604.060.367.665.474.652.059.966.762.264.767.064.875.757.365.267.062.963.268.566.076.264.061.267.355.059.469.868.476.954.260.468.357.863.169.067.679.052.166.354.354.356.366.367.373.462.271.255.651.557.365.066.774.260.772.357.353.557.667.762.375.057.075.959.251.858.767.064.975.354.474.663.354.958.966.466.576.157.667.861.650.759.067.859.469.954.768.162.546.859.769.463.068.759.064.364.052.760.367.964.574.357.463.658.950.363.463.462.176.958.262.957.459.062.159.960.078.361.265.459.359.654.057.465.063.460.060.954.754.662.562.366.362.058.354.764.368.961.459.356.749.863.870.362.060.660.452.662.458.664.564.461.351.463.560.569.760.765.150.065.757.670.261.256.057.660.558.368.657.953.754.467.457.263.459.553.247.6周六同上62.763.457.358.659.970.045.174.761.162.356.761.765.469.268.775.659.170.158.657.763.266.567.070.455.354.359.356.864.167.972.373.651.169.460.753.465.768.766.471.553.466.464.560.564.164.370.971.952.568.163.662.159.065.469.476.556.556.767.162.870.065.464.377.463.857.665.454.962.970.467.670.653.856.154.057.865.367.563.269.854.244.366.753.559.467.749.468.758.248.668.461.855.861.243.069.157.145.166.658.461.359.444.267.260.244.866.558.154.459.841.368.462.050.964.361.661.456.846.467.461.846.766.263.859.459.541.767.354.059.565.567.657.760.942.269.555.849.267.061.560.961.742.671.054.642.365.964.259.859.244.270.957.045.765.865.964.959.544.169.762.845.661.261.958.852.661.946.257.262.762.251.764.340.758.557.260.249.461.444.356.160.358.947.765.542.553.761.458.148.567.843.255.464.161.646.560.943.757.751.662.442.362.247.156.954.561.846.960.646.157.657.465.444.759.648.460.156.062.848.7數(shù)據(jù)/dB14562378周日同上62.763.457.657.861.268.968.573.661.064.258.161.462.467.566.572.159.063.556.362.959.667.672.571.955.259.159.462.153.068.766.374.751.066.360.560.454.372.171.176.552.467.661.453.468.770.466.377.056.457.862.056.865.369.365.070.663.657.654.757.659.968.968.271.253.756.453.961.767.066.964.473.455.959.156.058.473.165.964.575.162.066.354.559.057.669.764.571.460.571.255.250.356.074.362.576.556.872.355.852.755.973.264.073.254.276.557.046.770.067.966.072.157.473.961.450.671.368.458.572.851.972.862.154.871.469.362.574.354.568.355.451.960.069.064.072.958.865.256.153.458.767.861.673.657.263.454.351.454.366.560.474.558.064.555.654.252.066.765.876.461.065.759.759.456.654.764.859.661.467.956.052.462.358.963.662.157.350.064.167.065.160.658.051.763.664.564.764.461.252.162.263.467.060.657.950.363.363.770.059.358.649.465.560.660.562.057.451.865.561.061.160.956.248.867.162.459.850.963.157.2周一同上63.257.959.658.256.765.468.169.761.662.555.455.359.070.366.772.459.667.654.363.361.468.573.373.259.853.660.262.562.069.467.973.951.659.457.660.863.170.472.074.053.060.558.553.865.471.067.274.957.062.059.457.257.670.365.375.364.263.161.358.056.465.868.971.654.362.857.662.164.368.465.172.556.570.060.358.963.169.765.371.762.671.054.759.158.263.565.069.862.171.457.650.157.364.763.171.657.469.857.359.456.463.264.772.354.867.456.047.159.064.066.673.758.065.656.551.057.676.759.572.952.567.853.055.256.473.060.573.455.163.060.253.354.365.864.070.659.062.961.353.859.067.462.670.957.860.860.551.860.666.760.973.858.661.459.254.664.065.463.774.061.659.759.758.956.356.765.459.964.358.357.053.762.960.663.661.658.851.164.761.468.161.561.450.164.262.667.664.863.253.162.863.066.461.058.951.763.961.866.359.764.050.166.166.059.962.462.158.160.968.964.561.362.351.867.770.067.060.061.448.1周二同上62.957.659.158.159.468.968.471.061.363.558.655.256.769.567.072.359.361.660.763.260.469.872.071.755.559.061.462.465.765.372.374.851.367.054.060.767.870.467.676.053.766.357.153.759.765.965.471.456.765.256.257.164.356.866.470.863.966.757.457.970.157.667.773.654.065.453.062.058.557.868.474.356.258.654.258.265.056.769.472.662.373.055.159.357.475.564.971.760.873.256.350.656.074.361.470.057.176.054.553.056.773.264.669.454.571.459.747.057.865.467.073.657.769.361.450.857.969.359.974.352.266.559.155.260.368.960.775.354.865.454.052.261.467.863.476.759.160.059.653.662.770.064.975.357.570.655.451.763.265.760.870.258.368.954.654.565.