俄羅斯全面中英文介紹課件

Russianfood俄羅斯全面中英文介紹魚子醬,有時是黑魚子醬,是一種奢侈美味,包括加工過,腌制過,未經(jīng)殺菌的魚子.魚子受精的組成可以是“新鮮”（非巴氏殺菌）或巴氏殺菌,后者的美食和經(jīng)濟價值要少得多.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Caviar,sometimesblackcaviar,isaluxurydelicacy,consistingofprocessed,salted,non-fertilizedsturgeonroe.Theroecanbe"fresh"(non-pasteurized)orpasteurized,thelatterhavingmuchlessgastronomicandeconomicvalue.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Borscht,whichissometimesalsospelledborschandborshch,isalovelyvegetablesoupthatisalmostalwaysmadewithbeets. 羅宋湯（borscht），有時也拼作borsch和borshch，是一種美味的蔬菜湯，大多數(shù)情況下是用甜菜煮成。

Insomecountriestomatomayoccurasthemainingredient,whilebeetrootactsasasecondaryingredient.

此外，馬鈴薯也可能是羅宋湯的主料，而甜菜根則是第二主料。

Borschtcanbespicedupwithroastedapplesandsmokedgoosebreast. 羅宋湯可以用烘烤過的蘋果和熏鵝脯來提味。

俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russia‘s俄羅斯的社交禮儀Socialmanners俄羅斯全面中英文介紹達(dá)瓦里希，Hi~1.SayHello俄羅斯全面中英文介紹1.Russiansareveryparticularaboutthecall,butifyoujusttodealwiththem，Youdon‘thavetoworryaboutthisverymuch.2.Inthestreets,shops,youcancalleachother"you"(威),or"comrade"(達(dá)瓦里西).3.Iffurtherconversation,youcanaccordingtotheothersexandage,arecalled"Sir"(嘎斯巴季尼),"Miss"(捷烏什嘎),"Ms."(達(dá)姆),"Friends"(得路克),"youngman"(馬拉多依).俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯人對稱呼相當(dāng)講究稱呼，不過如果你和他們只是一般打打交道，就不用清楚所有的章法了。在大街、商店，你可稱對方“您”(威)，或“同志”(達(dá)瓦里希)。如果進(jìn)一步交談，你可以按對方性別年齡，分別稱“先生”(嘎斯巴季尼)、“小姐”“捷烏什嘎”、“女士”(達(dá)姆)、“朋友”(得路克)、“小伙子”(馬拉多依)。俄羅斯全面中英文介紹2.GreetingEtiquette俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russian’smeetingetiquetteisshakinghands,ingeneral,theyhaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime,theywillkissingandhuggingeachother.moreover,manwillkisslady’shands.俄羅斯人一般的見面禮是握手，久別的親朋好友常用親吻擁抱禮，男士一般吻女士的手背俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

4.Clothing

Etiquette俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

In

Russianfolk,

marriedwomen

must

wearheadscarves;unmarried

girlsare

not

wearingheadscarves,

butoften

wearahat.

在俄羅斯民間，已婚婦女必須戴頭巾；未婚姑娘則不戴頭巾，但常戴帽子。俄羅斯全面中英文介紹3.GuestEtiquette俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Intheformalcircumstance,Russiansusingthe“breadofsalt”togreetguestsandshowthehighestrespectandwarmestwelcome.

在隆重的場合，俄羅斯人用“面包加鹽”的方式迎接貴賓表示最高的敬意和最熱烈的歡迎。俄羅斯全面中英文介紹TheurbanenvironmentofRussia俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russiahasninetimezones（時區(qū)）,astheworld'slargest

俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russia'smurderrateistwiceasmuchasintheUnitedStates俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Russia‘sLakeBaikal（貝加爾湖）

hastwentypercentoftheworld'sfreshwater

俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯RUSSIAPOLITICAL俄羅斯全面中英文介紹國旗及國徽俄羅斯全面中英文介紹俄羅斯全面中英文介紹蘇聯(lián)解體之后，俄羅斯進(jìn)行了復(fù)雜而深刻的變革，確立了以總統(tǒng)為國家元首、內(nèi)閣對議會負(fù)責(zé)、三權(quán)分立、地方自治的政治制度，形成了總統(tǒng)共和制的民主聯(lián)邦國家。1993年12月12日經(jīng)全民投票通過，同年12月25日正式生效。該憲法是俄羅斯獨立后的第一部憲法，規(guī)定俄羅斯是共和制的民主聯(lián)邦法制國家，確立了總統(tǒng)制的國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制。這樣的制度移植在與本土政治、經(jīng)濟和文化傳統(tǒng)碰撞、融合過程中又不可避免地產(chǎn)生出自己的特點，如超級總統(tǒng)制、有限的聯(lián)邦制、政權(quán)黨，等。AfterSovietUniondisintegrates,Russiahascarriedoncomplexandtheprofoundtransformation,establishedtakepresidentastheheadofstate,thecabinethasbeen

responsiblefor,theseparationofpowers,thelocalself-governmentpoliticssystemfortheparliament,hasformedpresidenttherepublicansystemdemocraticfederationcountry.OnDecember12,1993votedJapaneconomy(stock)allthepeoplepasses,onDecember25officiallybecameeffectiveinthesameyear.AfterthisconstitutionistheRussianindependencefirstconstitution,stipulatedRussiaistherepublicansystemdemocraticfederationstatewithanadequatelegalsystem,hasestablishedthepresidentialsystemnational

leadershipsystem.Suchsystemtransplantinwiththenativeplacepolitics,theeconomicalandintheculturaltraditioncollision,thefusionprocesstheinevitablerealestategivesbirthowncharacteristic,likesuperpresidentialsystem,limitedfederalsystem,politicalpowerparty,andsoon.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹RussianCulture戰(zhàn)斗民族的文化俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Literature(文學(xué))

LeoTolstoy（列夫托爾斯泰）isoneofRussia’sgreatnovelists.Oneofhismostfamousnovels,WarandPeace（戰(zhàn)爭與和平）(1869),showeddeepconcernformoralissuesandforthewelfareoftheRussianpeople.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Religion（信仰）Byfar,themostcommomreligioninRussiaisOrthodoxChristianity(東正教)ThisistheEasternbranchofChristianitythatspreadtoRussiainthe900’sandbecamethestatereligion.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹Customs(習(xí)俗）Russiausefulbread(面包)andsalt（鹽）tomeetthehonoredguesthabit.Withbradandsaltrespectionguests,becausesaltinhistoryisveryexpensive,hasfollowedsofar,saytothehonoredguestfriendlyandrespect.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹RUSSIANMILITARY俄羅斯軍事俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

Afteryearsofreform,severallarge-scaleRussianmilitarydisarmament,theRussianarmedforceshasbeenchangingthestrengthofthecase,throughthepublicmediamaterialsstatistics,thelatestRussianmilitarystrengthis:personnelstrengthofapproximately1,132,000soldiers,867,000civilianpersonnel.Russianarmedforcessystemconsistsofthreemilitaryservices(Army,AirForce,Navy),3arms(strategicrockettroops,aerospacedefense,airborne)composedofthefollowing,accordingtotheorderofthebranchesofthemilitary,thelatestRussianmilitarystrengthtobebrief.

俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

RussianArmyGeneral（俄陸軍概況）

ArmyheadquartersinMoscow,thecurrentcommanderNikolaiZaitsevColeMiligeneral,thetotalnumberofabout32.2millionpeople,armsofthearmyisformedwithmotorizedinfantry,tankcrews,artilleryandrockettroops,armedforces,airdefense,specialforcesconstitutingacar,reconnaissance,communications,radio-electronicwarfareunits,NBCprotectionforces(threeanti-military),securityforceslogistics,technicalsupportforces.RussianFederationArmedForcesArmyMilitaryOrganizationexistingsix,ninecorps,anarmy,strengthentheregion,militaryinstitutions,enterprises,organizationsdirectlyunderthecentralforces.俄羅斯全面中英文介紹

RussianAirForceGeneral（俄空軍概況）

AirForceheadquartersintheoutskirtsofMoscow"Rays"town,thecurrentcommanderVladimirMikhailovgeneral,about18millionpeople,mainly