六閱讀理解-科教科普類-2021年高考英語(yǔ)真題模擬試題

（6）閱讀理解-科教科普類—2021年高考英語(yǔ)真題模擬試題專

項(xiàng)匯編

1.【2021年浙江卷1月，閱讀C】

Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees

（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestoone

anotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.Thescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowing

andfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthese

meaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherinellobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformof

intentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,

shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanother

groupmember.

“That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,，zshesaid."They'retheonlything

thatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplex

informationfromanotheranimal，scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoices

intentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencalls

andgestures,DrHobaitersaid.

Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichthey

wishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling/7

Climbonme.〃Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmothersbackandtheytraveloff

together."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物種）out

there,thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,“saidDr

Hobaiter.

DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,said

thestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhuman

language.But,sheadded,theresultswere〃alittledisappointing”.

“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittle

tocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgestures

andactions,z，shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimal

conveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”

1.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?

A.Memorizingspecificwords.

B.Understandingcomplexinformation.

C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.

D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.

2.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?

A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.

B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.

C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.

D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword〃gulf〃inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthrough

B.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskills

C.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom

D.Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated

2.【2021年浙江卷7月，閱讀口

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan〃tell〃whetheryoulookcontentor

annoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappy

andangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（圖像）ofthesame

personmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwas

shownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson，sface.Theresearchersthen

testedthedogs'abi1itytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthem

theotherhalfoftheperson,sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedin

training.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyface

bytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandom

chance.

Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthuman

facesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage.〃Wecanruleoutthatthedogs

simplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,/z

saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogs

realizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleapplies

toanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.”

“Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscan

distinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.

Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognize

differentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearsto

bethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposure

tohumanfacialexpressions,z，andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancesto

learntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.

1.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan____.

A.distinguishshapes

B.makesenseofhumanfaces

C.feelhappyorangry

D.communicatewitheachother

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromParagraph2?

A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.

B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.

C.Picturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferent.

D.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethetest.

3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.

B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.

C.Amajorlimitationofthestudy.

D.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.

3.【2021年新高考I卷，閱讀D】

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）

intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverything

desirableinaperson，smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,

motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand,'peopleskills^.Researchhasshown

thatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmove

farbeyondski11-basedemotionalintelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthat

canbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothers

arefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheater

mightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnot

necessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhat

researchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmore

beneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuch

neededemphasis（重視）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedin

promotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboth

thepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyserve

peopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,we

hopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarly

studyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffer

newperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheir1ives.Emotional

intelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintheright

direction.

1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.

B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson，smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.

1）.Itreferstoaperson，spositivequalities.

2.Whydoestheauthormention"doctor"and"cheater“inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarityaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.

3.Whatistheauthor*sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

4.【2021年全國(guó)乙卷，閱讀D】

Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthink

aboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（T'tt）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,"That's

whyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet一soIcanfocus."His

commentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenoffice

layout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks

Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompleted

testsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedto

variousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分貝），70

decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatistically

insignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevel

ofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedthe

othergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinking

doesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.

Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhat

therightlevelofbackgroundnoise一nottooloudandnottotalsilence一mayactually

improveone，screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterrupt

ournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,without

makingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof"distractedfocus“appearstobethebeststate

forworkingoncreativetasks.

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,

wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retrying

tofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversations

affectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertain

levelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.

1.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?

A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.

C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.

2.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?

A.Totalsilence.B.50decibels.

C.70decibels.D.85decibels.

3.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?

A.Personalprivacyunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.

C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He'sanewsreporter.B.He'sonofficemanager.

CHe'saprofessionaldesigner.D.He'sapublishedwriter.

5.【2021年陜西西安二模，閱讀C】

Theworld,sfirsthydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.Theybegan

carryingpassengersMondayinGermanyJsnorthernLowerSaxonystate.Thenewtrainwill

run100-kilometertripsandcantravelupto140kilometersanhour.

AFrenchrailroadcompanycalledAlstombuiltthetwotrains.TeaminGermanyand

Francecooperatedontheproject,whichwassupportedbytheGermangovernment.Thenew

trainmodel,calledtheCoradiaiLint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyand

othernationstomoveawayfrompollution-producingdiesel（柴油）trains.

TheCoradiaiLintisdesignedtorunonnon-electrifiedtrainlineswithlowlevels

ofnoise.

Itusesaprocessthatcombineshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricalpower.If

thesystemproducesmoreenergythanthetrainneedsatthattime,itcanstoretheextra

energyinbatteries.Theonlyemissions（排放物）arewaterandsteam.

AsingletankofhydrogencanrunaCoradiaiLinttrainforabout1,000kilometers.

Thisisverysimilartothedistanceadiesel-poweredtraincanrunonwithasingletank.

Hydrogen-poweredtrainscostmorethandieseltrainstobuild.ButAlstomofficials

saytheoperatingcostsaremuchlower.Thecompanyplanstoprovideanother14Coradia

iLinttrainstoLowerSaxonyby2021.

Theheadofrailroadoperationsinthearea,CarmenSchwab,praisedreplacingdiesel

trainswithhydrogen.Shesaidthemovewasanimportantfirststepinusingclean-burning

technologiestoreachclimateprotectiongoals.

Officialssaythearea,smanywindturbines（渦輪機(jī)）willproducepartoftheenergy

tocreatethehydrogentopowerthetrains.

AlstomsaysseveralotherEuropeancountrieshavealsoexpressedinterestin

developinghydrogentrainsystems.Francehasalreadysaiditwantsitsfirsthydrogen

traintobeoperatingby2022.

1.WhydidGermanybuildthenewtrains?

A.Tomaketravelingmucheasier.B.Tocarrymorepassengers.

C.Toreplacedieseltrains.D.TodevelopfriendshipwithFrance.

2.WhatisoneadvantageoftheCoradiaiLint?

A.Itrunswithoutmakinganynoise.B.Itdoesn,tuseelectricalpower.

C.Itcostsmuchlesstorun.D.Itischeapertomakeit.

3.Itcanbeconcludedthathydrogentrains.

A.arewidelyused.B.canproducewaterandoxygen.

C.canstopairpollution.D.areenvironmentally

friendly.

4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.World'sFirstHydrogenTrains.B.EffortstoReduceEmissions.

C.SavingNaturalResources.D.ANewWaytoMakeElectricity.

6.【2021年廣東茂名模擬，閱讀D】

Theprevalenceofmelanoma（黑素瘤）hasbeenrapidlyrisingaroundtheworldfornearly

acentury.Whilesomeoftheincreasemaybeduetobetterdetection,researchersalso

believeit'sbecausewe'respendingmoretimeoutdoorsinthesun,vacationingtowarmer

climatesduringthewinterandusingtanningbeds.Thatriseisconcerning,sincemelanoma

isthemostdangerouskindofskincancer.

Mostofusknowtocoverupandapplysunscreenonhot,sunnydays,butwhenfall

arrives,wetendtodropthosehabits.Expertswarnthat'samistake.Thoughthere's

lessneedforsunprotectionaftersummerends,exposuretoUVraysstilladdsup.

Whatprecautionsyoushouldtaketodefendagainstmelanomaduringthecoolermonths

dependsonwhereyouareintheworld.That'sbecausethefurtherawayyouarefromthe

equator,themoreUVraysweakeninthewinter."InsouthernEnglandorCanada,thedaily

doseofUVAonaclearsummerdayis6.5timeshigherthanonaclearwinterday,“says

ProfessorBrianDiffeyoftheBritishAssociationofDermatologists.uPeopleinthose

countriestypicallyreceiveonlyabout5%oftheirannualUVexposureinthewinter

months.”

Butnomatterwhereyouare,evenduringcolder,lowerriskmonths,it'samistake

toputyoursun-protectionhabitsonice."It'simportanttowearsun-screenwhenthere

isalotofglarefromthesnow,“saysVictoriaMar,directoroftheVictorianMelanoma

ServiceatAlfredHospitalinMelbourne,Australia.

Finally,youshouldmonitoryourmolesaEarlydetectionofmelanomaisvital

forsuccessfultreatment,“saysDiffey.Ifit'scaughtbeforeitspreadstootherparts

ofthebody,thepatientwillhave99%ofchancetosurviveforfiveyears.Ifit's

caughtlate,thatcandropto25%.Warningsignsareamolethat'schangingsize,shape

orcolour,oronethat,sasymmetrical一sometimesreferredtoas“uglyduckling“moles.

Ifyouhaveconcerns,talktoyourdoctor.

1.WhatJsthemaincauseoftheriseofmelanoma?

A.Theclimatechange.B.Betterdetection.

C.Moreexposuretothesun.D.Theincreaseofskincancer.

2.What'samistakeaccordingtoexperts?

A.Applyingsunscreeninsummer.

B.Wearingsun-screenwhenthereissnow.

C.Usingsunscreenduringlowerriskmonths.

D.Droppingsun-protectionhabitsinwinter.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Preventionisbetterthancure.

B.Healthisbetterthanwealth.

C.Adiseaseknownishalfcured.

D.Whenthesuncomesin,thedoctorcomesout.

4.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.DetectMelanoma.B.BewareWinterRays.

C.MonitorYourMoles.D.SpendLessTimeOutdoors.

7.【2021年河北唐山模擬，閱讀D】

Astrongcoffeeafterapoornight*ssleepisthekick-startmanypeopleneedinthe

morningbutnewresearchsuggeststhatitmightbebesttohaveabitetoeatfirst.

Astudyhasfoundthatdrinkingcoffeefirstcanhaveanegativeeffectonbloodsugar

control-ariskfactorfordiabetes（糖尿?。゛ndheartdisease.

uWeknowthatnearlyhalfofuswillwakeinthemorningand,beforedoinganything

else,drinkcoffee---subjectivelythemoretiredwefeel,thestrongerthecoffee,“said

ProfessorJamesBetts,attheUniversityofBathintheUK.

Fortheirstudy,researchersattheUniversityofBathgot29healthymenandwomen

totakepartinthreedifferentovernightexperiments,withatleastaweekbetweenthem.

Inone,theparticipantshadanormalnight'ssleep,roughlyfrom11p.m.to7a.m.,

andwereaskedtoconsumeasugarydrinkonwakinginthemorning.Theythenexperienced

aninterruptednight,ssleep,wheretheresearcherswokethemeveryhourforfiveminutes

bysendingthemtextmessagestowhichtheyhadtorespond一anduponwakingweregiven

thesamesugarydrink.

Onanothernight,participantsexperiencedthesamesleepinterruption,butthistime

werefirstgivenastrongblackcoffee30minutesbeforeconsumingthesugarydrink.

Theyfoundthatonenightofinterruptedsleepdidnotworsentheparticipants，blood

sugarandinsulin（胰島素）responseswhencomparedtothenormalnight'ssleep-although

previousresearchsuggestedthatlosingmanyhoursofsleepormanynightsofpoorsleep

couldhaveanegativeeffect.However,strongblackcoffeeconsumedbeforebreakfast

actuallyincreasedthebloodsugarresponsebyaround50%一suggestingthatrelyingon

coffeeafterabadnighttostopfeelingsleepycouldlimityourbody，sabilitytotolerate

thesugarinyourbreakfast.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“kick-start"inparagraph1referto?

A.Akindofsport.B.Akindofpower.

C.Akindofmedicine.D.Akindofbelief.

2.Whatwasunchangedinthethreeexperiments?

A.Thedurationofsleep.B.Thebloodsugarresponse.

C.Thesugarydrink.D.Theintakeofcoffee.

3.Whatincreasedtheparticipants'bloodsugarresponsemostbeforebreakfast?

A.Anormalsugarydrink.B.Anormalnight，ssleep.

C.Aninterruptednight,ssleep.D.Acupofstrongblackcoffee.

4.Howdidresearchersdrawtheconclusion?

A.Bycomparingtheresults.B.Bylistingsomeexamples.

C.Bysurveyingtheparticipants.D.Byreferringtosomedocuments.

答案以及解析

1.答案：1-4DBAD

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemof

communicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.“可知，人

類和黑猩猩的相似之處是，他們會(huì)有意地向其他成員傳遞信息、,進(jìn)行溝通。

2.推理判斷題。本題問(wèn)及DrShultz是如何看待這項(xiàng)研究的。現(xiàn)將選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與文中線索進(jìn)行對(duì)比分

出其他動(dòng)物通過(guò)非語(yǔ)言交流方式所傳達(dá)的信息。所以黑猩猩手勢(shì)的交流方式還是和人類語(yǔ)言的交流

方式存在差異。difference”不同；差異”與gulf意思一致。

4.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的uResearcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgestures

thatwildchimpanzeesusetocommunicate.”以及文章對(duì)這方面的討論可知，文章主要講研究

人員對(duì)黑猩猩手勢(shì)的研究及一些成果,所以D項(xiàng)為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。

2.答案:1-3BCB

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，該研究聚焦于狗是否能夠理解人類的表情。

2.推理判斷題。本題問(wèn)及從第二段中我們可以了解到有關(guān)這次研究的什么內(nèi)容。現(xiàn)將選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容和文

中線索進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,具體如下：

選正分析

項(xiàng)誤

AX第二段第三句提到對(duì)狗進(jìn)行測(cè)試，但并未提到是隨機(jī)測(cè)試。A項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

BX根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，研究人員只是先后展示了一張人臉的不同部分或者是不同的圖

片,但并未使用多樣化的方法來(lái)測(cè)試。B項(xiàng)屬于曲解文意。

CV根據(jù)第二段第二句和第三句可知,在訓(xùn)練階段讓狗去看人類臉部的上半部分或者下半

部分；而在測(cè)試階段,研究人員通過(guò)給狗看人臉的另一部分或者與之前訓(xùn)練中完全不

同的圖像來(lái)測(cè)試狗區(qū)分人類面部表情的能力。故C項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)階段使用了不一樣的圖片”

正確。

DX第二段并未提及測(cè)試前給狗拍照的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，D項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,本段探討了狗能夠辨別人類面部表情可能的原因。

3.答案:1-4DBAB

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligence

asalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQ

test...〃可知,許多人將情商誤解為一個(gè)人的特質(zhì)中無(wú)法被智商測(cè)試所衡量的幾乎所有可取的部分,

比如性格、動(dòng)機(jī)、自信，情緒穩(wěn)定、樂觀和人際交往能力;再根據(jù)第二段對(duì)這一誤解的說(shuō)明可推知，

常見對(duì)情商的誤解是認(rèn)為它指一個(gè)人積極的品質(zhì)。

2.推理判斷題。第二段首句為第二段中心句,而后提及的醫(yī)生與騙子即是為了說(shuō)明這一觀點(diǎn),醫(yī)生用

情商救人,騙子用情商害人,即情商既可用于做好事,也可用做壞事。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容尤其是"theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmore

beneficialthanharmful"可知,作者對(duì)未來(lái)情商的普及是贊許的。

4.段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者在該段表達(dá)對(duì)未來(lái)的情商研究的期望。

4.答案:1-4ACDD

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中采訪者說(shuō)的話"That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthe

coworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”可知，采訪者覺得共享辦公空間能讓其更

加集中注意力。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—those

exposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantly

outperformedtheothergroups〃可知，70分貝的噪聲更有助于促進(jìn)人們的創(chuàng)造性思維。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstop

ourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers*conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.，z

可知,在開放的辦公室,人們很容易被別人打擾。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewer

saidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.”可推知，作者是一名作家。

5.答案:l.C;2.C;3.D;4.A

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiailint,

signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrom

pollution-producingdiesel（柴油）trains.可知，這種名為Coradiailint的新型火車模型標(biāo)

志著德國(guó)和其他國(guó)家開始努力擺脫污染排放的柴油火車。因此可知為了取代柴油火車,德國(guó)要建造

新火車。故正確答案為C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段第一、二句Hydrogen-poweredtrainscostmorethandiesel

trainstobuild.ButAlstomofficialssaytheoperatingcostsaremuchlower.可知,

氫動(dòng)力火車比柴油火車造價(jià)高。但Alstom管理人士表示，運(yùn)營(yíng)成本要低得多。因此可知Coradia

Hint的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它的運(yùn)行成本要低得多。故正確答案為C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段全段Itusesaprocessthatcombineshydrogenandoxygento

produceelectricalpower.Ifthesystemproducesmoreenergythanthetrainneedsatthat

time,itcanstoretheextraenergyinbatteries.Theonlyemissions（排放物）arewater

andsteam.可知，它利用氫和氧的合成過(guò)程來(lái)產(chǎn)生電能。如果該系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的能量超過(guò)列車當(dāng)時(shí)的

需要，它可以將多余的能量?jī)?chǔ)存在電池中。唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。因此可知?dú)鋭?dòng)力火車是環(huán)保

的。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)，“氫動(dòng)力火車被廣泛使用”。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Theworld，sfirst

hydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.可知，世界上第一輛氫動(dòng)力火車在德

國(guó)開始運(yùn)行。因此可知?dú)鋭?dòng)力火車沒有被廣泛使用。故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)，“氫動(dòng)力火車可以阻止空

氣污染”。根據(jù)文章第四段全段Itusesaprocessthatcombineshydrogenandoxygento

produceelectricalpower.Ifthesystemproducesmoreenergythanthetrainneedsatthat

time,itcanstoretheextraenergyinbatteries.Theonlyemissions（排放物）arewater

andsteam.可知，它利用氫和氧的合成過(guò)程來(lái)產(chǎn)生電能。如果該系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的能量超過(guò)列車當(dāng)時(shí)的

需要，它可以將多余的能量?jī)?chǔ)存在電池中。唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。因此可知?dú)鋭?dòng)力火車很環(huán)保,

但是并不意味著氫動(dòng)力火車可以阻止空氣污染。故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)，“氫動(dòng)力火車能產(chǎn)生水和氧”。

根據(jù)文章第四段第一、三句