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大一輪復習講義第1講謂語動詞專題一復雜多變的動詞STEP1考點分類突破STEP2考點分層演練STEP3語法鏈接寫作內容索引/NEIRONGSUOYINSTEPONE考點分類突破考點一動詞的時態(tài)考點二動詞的語態(tài)考點三主謂一致考點四情態(tài)動詞考點五虛擬語氣考點一動詞的時態(tài)導入微小說Atfirst,XiaoMingdidn’tlike①schoolandwas①addictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherasked①himwhathewasdoing②beforegoingtobed,theanswerwasthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadbeaten③himmanytimesbeforeXiaoMingwenttomiddleschool,soXiaoMingpromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandwouldn’tplaygames.However,XiaoMinghaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.Whenothersaskabouthim,hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly,“Heisdoinghomework⑦athome.Hehasbeenstudying⑧forseveralhours.”XiaoMingwillenter⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeafter3yearshewillbestudying⑩inafamousuniversity.①是一般過去時,結構為:謂語動詞用動詞的一般過去式形式。②是過去進行時,結構為:was/were+現在分詞。③是過去完成時,結構為:had+過去分詞。④是過去將來時,結構為:would+動詞原形。⑤是現在完成時,結構為:has/have+過去分詞。⑥是一般現在時,結構為:謂語動詞為動詞原形或動詞的單數第三人稱形式。⑦是現在進行時,結構為:am/is/are+現在分詞。⑧是現在完成進行時,結構為:have/hasbeen+現在分詞。⑨是一般將來時,結構為:will+動詞原形。⑩是將來進行時,結構為:will+be+現在分詞。一、詞形變化在時態(tài)的變化中,動詞的形式需要發(fā)生相應的變化。動詞形式不正確已經成為英語寫作中重要的扣分因素。因此,要注意在不同時態(tài)中的詞形變化。精析重難點形式變化規(guī)則構成方法例詞原形

see,finish,teach,touch三單一般情況直接加-slook—lookswrite—writes以-ch,-sh,-s,-x結尾加-esteach—teachesfinish—finishesguess—guessesmix—mixes以“輔音+o”結尾加-esdo—doesgo—goes以“輔音字母+y”結尾變y為i加-estry—triescry—cries過去式一般情況直接加-edstay—stayedlook—looked以不發(fā)音-e結尾直接加-ddecide—decidedhope—hoped以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-edstop—stoppedadmit—admitted以“輔音字母+y”結尾變y為i加-edcarry—carriedtry—tried現在分詞一般情況直接加-inggo—goingread—reading以不發(fā)音-e結尾去e加-inghave—havingwrite—writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-ingcut—cuttingrun—running二、核心考點高考中通常把時態(tài)和語境結合起來考查(常在語法填空和短文改錯兩個題型中考查)。題干中往往沒有明確的時間狀語,需要考生搜索出時間參照信息。英語有16種時態(tài),中學階段常用的是10種。1.一般現在時(1)常常表示人的習慣或經常性發(fā)生的動作。常用的時間狀語有always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作業(yè)。(2)在時間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現在時代替一般將來時。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功,他們也會支持你。(3)表示客觀事實、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2.一般過去時(1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday,lastyear,theotherday等時間狀語連用。Hearrivedatschoolat9∶00amyesterday.他昨天上午九點到學校。(2)根據上下文或主從句提示。Ididn’tpasstheexam,whichmademyparentsveryangry.我沒有通過考試,這讓我父母很生氣。3.一般將來時表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)或臨時做出的決定,常用will/shall+動詞原形或者is/am/aregoingtodo,常與表示將來的時間狀語tomorrow,nextweek等連用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.據說他將于下月卸任。點對點練習1單句語法填空1.Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialogue

(tell)youthestory.2.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit

(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.(2018·全國Ⅰ)3.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_______(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019·全國Ⅱ)willtellisdeclared單句改錯4.Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.5.Ifitwon’train,wewillgotovisitthezoo.requiresdoesn’t4.現在進行時(1)表示說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示現階段正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Heisplayingbasketballontheplayground.他正在操場上打籃球。(2)某些表示位置移動的動詞,如go,come,leave,arrive,start,move等可用現在進行時表示即將發(fā)生或計劃要做的動作。JohnaswellashissisterissettingoffforTokyotomorrowmorning.約翰和姐姐明天早上要動身去東京。5.過去進行時(1)表示過去某一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作,或過去某一個階段內一直在進行的動作。MrsGreenwaspreparinglunchateleventhismorning.格林太太今天上午11點正準備午餐。(2)表示動作在另一個過去的動作發(fā)生時正在進行,常與when,while引導的時間狀語從句連用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywasreadinganovel.那個男孩正在讀小說時老師進來了。

6.將來進行時表示將來某一時刻或某一段時間里正在進行的動作,常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.五點至六點之間不要給我打電話,那時我們在吃飯。點對點練習2單句語法填空1.Lisa

(work)asanurseinthehospitalwhenIvisitedhermomlastmonth.2.NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.They

(play)somethingbyMozartatthattime.3.—Hi,let’sgoskating.—Sorry,I’mbusyrightnow.I

(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.wasworkingwillbeplayingamfilling單句改錯4.Inordertomakemydreamcometrue,Iworkedpart-timetosavemoneywhileIwasstudiedatcollege.5.—Whendidthecomputercrash?—Thismorning.WhileIamsortingthereadingmaterialsdownloadedfromsomewebsites.studyingwas7.現在完成時(1)表示動作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前某個沒有明確說出的過去時間,但現在已經完成,且結果仍對現在有影響?!狪’msorry,butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry,Ihaven’tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——對不起,我沒完全明白你的話。你是說你們打算9月20號回來嗎?——對不起,我沒有表達清楚。我們打算10月20號回來。(2)表示一個動作從過去開始,一直延續(xù)到現在,可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說自上個月出版以來獲得了許多好評。(3)考查現在完成時,往往有較為明顯的時間狀語。如already,just,yet,since,for,uptonow,untilnow,eversince,sofar,recently,lately,inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedabouttwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在過去的3小時里我已經學了200多個英語單詞了。

(4)下列句型中常用現在完成時。Ithasbeen+一段時間+since從句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat+現在完成時This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...+名詞+that+現在完成時ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.這是我第一次做演講。Itisthemostinterestingnovelthat

I

haveeverread.這是我所讀過的最有趣的小說。8.過去完成時

(1)表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作。在by,bytheendof,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句的句子中。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回來之前我已經把手機收起來了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...句式中,主句常用過去完成時,表示“一……就……”。當hardly,scarcely,nosooner置于句首時,其后要用部分倒裝。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他們剛從房子里跑出來房子就燒塌了。點對點練習3單句語法填空1.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtI

(learn)theinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathe

(say)tomealtogether.(2017·全國Ⅰ)2.Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers,I

(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.3.Nosooner

we

(be)seatedthanthebusstarted.hadlearnedhadsaidhavegothadbeen單句改錯4.ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.(2018·全國Ⅲ)5.WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizehowfasttimeflies.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.(2017·全國Ⅲ)begunhave9.過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她說她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我不知道兒子緊接著要說什么。10.現在完成進行時(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個時間,一直延續(xù)到現在并且會繼續(xù)進行下去的動作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.這些年來,他們一直為我們雜志寫稿。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直在反復進行的動作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們常常見面。點對點練習4單句語法填空1.—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand

(write)hisessaythereeversince.2.AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild,fewpeopleguessedthathe

(be)afamousscientistwhosetheories

(change)theworld.havebeenwritingwouldbewouldchange單句改錯3.Sincethen—foralltheseyears—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.4.Thechildisabouttocrywhenhermothercamein.havewas返回考點二動詞的語態(tài)XiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis,hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn’tstudyhard.微小說導入Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However,manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar,manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被動語態(tài)的一般過去時,結構為:was/were+過去分詞。②是被動語態(tài)的過去進行時,結構為:was/were+being+過去分詞。③是被動語態(tài)的過去完成時,結構為:hadbeen+過去分詞。④是被動語態(tài)的一般現在時,結構為:is/am/are+過去分詞。⑤是被動語態(tài)的現在進行時,結構為:is/amare+being+過去分詞。⑥是被動語態(tài)的現在完成時,結構為:have/hasbeen+過去分詞。⑦是帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài),結構為:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。⑧是被動語態(tài)的一般將來時,結構為:will+be+過去分詞。⑨是被動語態(tài)的將來完成時,結構為:will+havebeen+過去分詞。⑩是被動語態(tài)的將來進行時,結構為:will+bebeing+過去分詞。1.不及物動詞及短語沒有被動語態(tài)。Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚在回家的路上發(fā)生了一起意外事故,死了五個人。Abigfirebrokeoutinourschoollastweek.上周我們學校發(fā)生了一場大火。精析重難點2.被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not,短語動詞的被動語態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介/副詞。如:Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不應該種樹。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.這個男孩被他的同學取笑了。3.漢語有一類句子不出現主語,在英語中可用被動結構表示,構成Itis+done...形式。如:Itissaid/reportedthat...據說/據報道……Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人們必須承認……Itisgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人們普遍認為/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人們普遍認為學好一門外語的關鍵就是練習。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.據報告,近兩日氣溫將明顯下降。4.下面的主動形式常表示被動意義。如:(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound+adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起來美味但營養(yǎng)不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法聽起來很棒但不切實際。(2)want/need/requiredoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.這扇窗戶需要修理。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishingtobepublished.你的文章出版前還需潤色。(3)wash/sell/write/read+adv.Theclotheswasheswell.這些衣服很好洗。Hernewbookwasinterestingandsoldwell.她的新書很有趣并且賣得不錯。點對點練習單句語法填空1.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_______________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.2.Mywashingmachine

(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,____________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4.Ifyouleavetheclub,you

(not,allow)backin.hadbeentrappedisbeingrepairedisregardedwon’tbeallowed單句改錯5.Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass?6.Themusicissoundedbeautiful.∧to單句語法填空1.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI_________(make)overtheyears.(2019·全國Ⅱ)havemade解析根據該定語從句中的時間狀語“overtheyears”可知,此處用現在完成時態(tài)。123456解題策略對接高考技法指導2.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment

(start)asoil-testingprogrammethatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(2018·全國Ⅱ)123456started解析根據上下文可知作者在說2005年發(fā)生的事情,應用動詞的一般過去式。3.Steamengines

(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全國Ⅱ)123456wereused解析文章敘述的是過去的事,且主語Steamengines與use為被動關系,意為“蒸汽機被用來拉動車廂”,用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。

4.I

(walk)acrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeandonbeingaskedwhathewasdoingheshoutedatme.(2015·湖南)123456waswalking解析根據語境,句子是was/weredoing...when...固定句型。單句改錯5.Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohaveabowlofeggsoupwhileIhadtoeatanapple.(2020·全國Ⅲ)123456答案had→have解析根據上文,時間狀語為everymorning,所以應該用一般現在時。6.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(2017·全國Ⅲ)123456答案took→taken解析被動語態(tài)為“be+過去分詞”,take的過去分詞是taken而非took。1.掌握獨特的時間狀語標志(1)題干中如用always,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等,用一般現在時。(2)題干中如用yesterday,lastnight,afewdaysago,theotherday等,用一般過去時。(3)題干中如用tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek等,用一般將來時。(4)題干中如用now,atpresent等,用現在進行時。(5)題干中如用atthattime,then,atsixo’clockyesterday等,用過去進行時。技法指導(6)題干中如用atthistimetomorrow,from1o’clockto3o’clocktomorrow等,用將來進行時。(7)題干中如用since,sofar,uptonow,in/over/duringthelastyear/pastfewyears等,用現在完成時。2.熟記固定句型中的時態(tài)(1)bedoing...when...,when前面的句子常用過去進行時,when后面的句子常用一般過去時。(2)Itis/hasbeen+時間段+since...表示“自從……以來已……”,主句用現在完成時或一般現在時,從句用一般過去時。續(xù)上頁(3)祈使句+and/or+陳述句,陳述句常用一般將來時。3.分清主動被動,辨析語態(tài)看到主語為物,且動詞為及物動詞,要想到用被動語態(tài)。續(xù)上頁返回考點三主謂一致1.語法一致原則Ilive①inBeijingwhilemygirlfriendlives①inShanghai,andwehaven’t①seeneachotherforalongtime.Toseehereverydayis②mydream.WhatIwanttodois③giveupmypresentjobandworkinhercity.However,allmyrelativesexceptmyunclesupport④myidea.Someonetells⑤methatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob,whichbrings⑥me10,000yuaneverymonth.微小說導入該原則要求謂語動詞必須與主語在語法形式上保持一致,即主語是單數形式則動詞用單數形式;主語是復數形式則動詞用復數形式:①根據主語的人稱和數,來確定謂語動詞的單復數。②主語是不定式或動名詞,動詞用單數。③主語是從句,動詞一般用單數。④主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,aswellas,ratherthan,besides,including等引起的短語,謂語動詞跟這些詞前面的主語一致。⑤主語為someone,anyone,everyone等不定代詞時,謂語動詞往往用單數。⑥定語從句中的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數保持一致。2.意義一致原則Ihavebeentravellingonabudgetforfourmonths.Fourmonthsis①notashorttime.Thoughalargenumberofpeopledon’t②understandme,themajorityofpeopleImetonmywayare③friendly.Theolddon’t④supportmycrazybehaviour,buttheyoungadmire④me.Atfirstmyfamilywere⑤worriedaboutme,butnowtheyhavebeenusedtothis.①表示時間、數量、長度及價格的名詞,盡管有時是復數形式,但常被看作是一個整體,謂語動詞用單數。②“anumberof+復數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。③themajorityof,therestof,分數/百分數+of+名詞,要根據名詞的數或者是否可數來確定謂語動詞的數。④“the+adj.”往往表示一類人,謂語動詞用復數。⑤family,group,team,class,government等集體名詞,當其表示集體意義,強調整體概念時,謂語動詞用單數;當其表示集體中各個組成部分,強調個體概念時,謂語動詞用復數。3.就近一致原則Thereare①manygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood,butneithermysisternorIam②interestedincandies.①here/there引導一個句子而且主語不止一個時,通常根據“就近一致”原則,即謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數上保持一致。②由or,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,通常根據“就近一致”原則,即謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數上保持一致。1.用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念,謂語動詞用單數,否則用復數。如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩人兼作家來了。(一個人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具。(兩樣物)注意:用and連接的成對名詞習慣上被看成是一個整體,如:breadandbutter(黃油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。精析重難點2.若主語中有morethanone或manya/an,盡管從意義上看是復數,但它的謂語動詞仍用單數。但more+復數名詞+thanone作主語時,謂語動詞仍用復數。如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球。Morethanonestudentwaslate.不止一個學生遲到。Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一個人來幫助我們。3.形復意單名詞如:news;以-ics結尾的學科名稱如:physics,mathematics,economics;國名如:theUnitedStates;報紙名如:the

New

Times;書名如:Arabian

Nights《天方夜譚》;以及theUnitedNations聯(lián)合國等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。點對點練習單句語法填空1.Theteacherandpoetoften

(give)lecturesaroundthecity.2.Two-thirdsofthebooks

(be)aboutscience.3.NobodybutJimandMike

(be)ontheplaygroundnow.4.AsfarasIknow,hisfamily

notverylargebutthefamily

allmusiclovers.(be)5.Thepoor

(be)lookeddownuponintheolddays.givesareisisarewere6.NeitherhisparentsnorI

(be)abletopersuadehimtochangehismind.7.Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcerts

(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagerssofar.8.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho

(wear)eveningdress.amhascausedwears單句語法填空1.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit

(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”(2020·全國Ⅰ)解題策略對接高考技法指導123means解析考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據直接引語中的excites可判斷用一般現在時;主語是it,故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。

2.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection

(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)123is解析考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語是asmallpart,謂語動詞用單數;此處說明事實,故用一般現在時的第三人稱單數形式。單句改錯3.Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.(2020·全國Ⅲ)123答案第一個don’t→doesn’t解析句子主語mydad是第三人稱單數,且句子時態(tài)為一般現在時,所以謂語動詞應該用第三人稱單數形式。1.找準句子中的主語,看主語是單數還是復數。2.牢記特殊用法的結構,用對謂語動詞的數。3.注意結合時態(tài)和語態(tài)。技法指導返回考點四情態(tài)動詞1.can/couldMary—M

Nancy—NM:Can①youreadthisword?N:Sorry,Ican’t①.M:Can/Could②Iuseyourdictionary?N:Ofcourseyoucan③,butwaitaminute.Whereismydictionary?M:Can④itbeinyourdormitory?N:No,itcan’t④be.Ineverstudyinmydormitory.微劇情導入M:Couldyouhavelent⑤ittoyourdeskmate?N:No,mydeskmatecouldn’thaveborrowed⑤adictionarybecausehehatesEnglish.ItmightbeinJane’sdesk,butIcan’t⑥touchherbookswithoutpermission.M:Anorganizedpersoncan⑦forgetthings.can/could的意義及用法①can表能力,意為“能夠”。②can表請求,could表示委婉語氣。③can表許可。④can表推測,意為“可能”,常用于疑問句/否定句。⑤couldn’thavedone意為“不可能做過某事”,couldsb./sth.havedone...?意為“某人做過某事嗎?”,表示對過去的推測,用于疑問句或否定句。⑥can’t表示客觀條件不允許。⑦can表示客觀上存在這種可能性但不一定發(fā)生。2.may/mightMike—M

Teacher—TM:May/Might①Icomein?T:Yes,youmay②.You’realmostlate,andwhereisyourdeskmate?M:Hmm,Idon’tknow.Hemay/might③beonthewaytoschool.T:Hemight③be;thatis,hemightnot③beonhiswaytoschool.Mike,youmayaswell④tellmethetruth.Whyhasn’thecomeyet?M:Hemighthavestayed⑤uplatelastnight,andhemightnothaveset⑤

thealarmclock.may/might的意義及用法①表示請求。②表示許可,不用might。③表示對現在的猜測,might表示語氣更不肯定。④mayaswell還是……好。⑤mighthavedone表示對過去的猜測,意為“可能做了某事”。mightnothavedone意為“可能沒做某事”,常用于疑問句或否定句。3.mustJane—J

Mother—MJ:Mom,must①Itakethismedicine?M:Yes,youmust①.J:Must①Itakeitrightnow?M:No,youneedn’t②.Youcantakeitlater.J:Butitmustbe③bitter.M:I’vetoldyoutowearyourcoat,butyoumust④wearyourT-shirt.Besides,youmusthaveplayed⑤outdoors.Youmustn’t⑥doitagain.must的意義及用法①must表必須,肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③mustbe表示對現在的猜測,只用于肯定句。④must表示非要,偏偏。⑤musthavedone表示對過去的推測,只用于肯定句中,意為“一定做過某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止,不表示推測。4.shouldBoss—B

Jane—J

Steven—SB:It’sninenowandeveryoneshould①behere.WhereisSteven?Heshouldhavearrived②tenminutesago.J:Reallystrange,Ican’timagineMrPunctualshould③belateforwork.B:Herehecomes.Whyareyoulate,Steven?S:I’mterriblysorry,sir.Ishouldn’thavedrunk②toomuchcoffeeyesterdayevening.Ikeptmyeyesopenuntilfouro’clockinthemorning.B:Apersonlikeyoushouldn’tdrink④toomuchcoffee,teaeither.S:Yes,Ioughttobepunctualasusual.should的意義及用法①表示推測,意思為“按理說應當”。②shouldhavedone意為“本應做而沒做”,shouldn’thavedone表示“本不應做卻做了”,含有虛擬的意味。③表竟然。④should(not)dosth.=ought(not)todosth.(不)應該做某事。5.shallMan—M

Woman—WM:Hi,whereareyougoing?W:Ishall①gotoNewYork.M:Metoo!Oh,yoursuitcaseisheavy.Shall②Icarryitforyou,Miss?(carrying

the

suitcase

to

the

woman’s

seat

and

sitting

beside

the

woman)W:Thankyouforhelpingme,butit’srequiredthateveryoneshall③sitonhisownseat.M:Itdoesn’tmatter.W:Stayawayfromme,orIwillcallthepolice.Youshall④besorryforwhatyoudo.Sir,Ineedyourhelp.(waving

to

a

policeman)shall的意義及用法①用于第一人稱,表將要做某事。②用于第一、三人稱疑問句,表請求。③用于第三人稱肯定句,表示按照正式的規(guī)定要做的事。④用于第二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。6.need/dareMike—M

Jack—JM:Doyoudaretotake①yourcellphonetotheexamination?J:No,Idarenotdo②it;Ineedn’tdo③iteither.M:Youstudywell,soyoudon’tneedtocheat④.Iamdifferent.J:Stopthinkingaboutcheating,andyoucan’tgetawaywithit.Youneedto⑤studyhard.Nopains,nogains.need/dare的意義及用法?dare和need在作情態(tài)動詞時,沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化,常用于疑問句和否定句。疑問句直接把dare和need提前,否定句直接在其后加not,如用法第②和③。?dare和need作實意動詞時,有人稱和時態(tài)的變化,常用于肯定句中。如果構成疑問句和否定句,需要加助動詞do/does,且其后要加todo。如用法第①④⑤。?其用法簡單總結為:有助有to,無助無to。7.will/wouldTom—T

Mary—MM:Howaboutthenewwatch?T:Iwill①neveruseitanymore.Itjustwon’t②givethecorrecttime.M:Hush!Grandmaissleeping.Shewill③haveanapatthistimethesedays.T:Atnine’clockinthemorning?Shewould/usedto④haveanapintheafternoon.M:Thephoneisringing,butIambusywithmywork.T:Okay,Iwill⑤answerit.will/would的意義及用法①表示意愿。②表示物的屬性。③表示人現在的習慣,意為“常常做某事”。④would/usedto表示過去的習慣。⑤表示臨時起意。1.用于固定習語中:can’t...too/enough(無論……也不過分;越……越好)Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhencrossingabusystreet.=Youcan’tbecareful

enoughwhencrossingabusystreet.你橫穿馬路的時候,再怎么小心都不為過/越小心越好。精析重難點2.情態(tài)動詞+havedone對過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進行推測(1)musthavedonesth.“(過去)一定做了某事”;語氣比較肯定;用于肯定句中(2)may(might)havedonesth.“(過去)可能/也許做了某事”;語氣不確定;用于肯定句和否定句中(3)can(could)nothavedonesth.“(過去)不可能做某事”;用于否定句和疑問句,表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑或不確定表示“與過去事實相反”(1)couldhavedonesth.(過去)本可以做某事但實際上沒做(2)needn’thavedonesth.(過去)本不必做某事但實際上做了(3)oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.(過去)本應該做某事但實際上沒做(4)oughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedonesth.(過去)本不應該做某事但實際上做了(5)mighthavedonesth.(過去)可能做某事但實際上沒做點對點練習用適當的情態(tài)動詞填空(必要時加not)1.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.He

come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.2.I

thankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3.He

beourmanager.OurmanagerhasgonetoBeijing.4.You

havedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.mightnotcan’tcan’tcould5.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She

havespokenatthemeeting.6.Everyonepresentwillnotbelievesuchagentleman

dothat.7.You

playwiththeknife,oryoumayhurtyourself.8.You

bepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.9.It

haverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.10.I

havetakentheumbrella,fortheweatherisfine.couldn’tshouldmustn’tshallmustneedn’t單句改錯11.Itistruethatnooneshouldlivewithoutmoneyinmodernsociety.12.Ilovetheweekend,becauseIdon’tneedgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.13.—Iamwornoutnow.Istayeduplastnighttofinishthereport.—Oh?Youwouldn’thave.Theprofessoraskedustohanditinnextweek.can∧toneedn’t返回考點五虛擬語氣1.wish/wouldrather/asif/ifonlyMrZhang—Z

MrWang—W(Beside

the

river,Mr

Zhang

and

Mr

Wang

are

quivering

asiftheywere①

in

cold

winter.)Z:IwishIhad①somethinghottodrink.W:IwouldratherIhadn’tinvited②youtogoout.Z:Howbigafish!IfonlyIhadcaught②it.W:Ifonlyyouhadn’tfallen②intotheriver!Ifonlywehad①dryclothesnow!NowIwishyourwifewouldn’t

blame③thisonme.微劇情導入asif好像,wish希望,wouldrather寧可,ifonly要是……就好了,這四組詞后的從句往往用虛擬語氣。①對現在的虛擬,從句謂語用過去式(be的過去式用were)。②對過去的虛擬,從句謂語用had+過去分詞。③對將來的虛擬,從句謂語用would/could/might+動詞原形。2.條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣MrZhang—Z

Wife—W(in

the

hospital)Z:Whatfineweather!IfIwerenotill,Iwouldgofishing.①W:Ifyouhadn’tgonefishingyesterday,youwouldn’thavecaughtacold.②Z:Iwouldhavestayedathome,butMrWanginvitedmetogo.③Hetoldmetohurry,otherwiseIwouldn’thaveforgottentowearwarmcoats.④W:IsitallLaoWang’sfault?Butfor/WithoutMrWang,youwouldhavebeendrowned.⑤Z:Haditnotbeenforthebigfish,Iwouldn’thavefallenintothewater.⑥I’dcatchitifIshouldrecovertomorrow.⑦?①②⑦為if條件句引導的虛擬語氣,從句和主句的結構為:對現在的虛擬:If+主語+did/were...,主語+would/could/should/mightdo...對過去的虛擬:If+主語+haddone...,主語+would/could/should/mighthavedone...對將來的虛擬:If+主語+did/should/weretodo...,主語+would/could/should/mightdo...?⑥為條件虛擬語氣的省略與倒裝,結構為:Had+主語+done,主語+wouldhavedone...Were+主語+todo/Would+主語+do,主語+woulddo...?③④⑤為含蓄虛擬語氣,結構如下:主語+wouldhavedone...,but過去的事實主語+woulddo...,but現在的事實without/butfor+n.,主語+woulddo(與現在相反)without/butfor+n.,主語+wouldhavedone(與過去相反)現在的事實,otherwise+主語+woulddo過去的事實,otherwise+主語+wouldhavedone3.名詞性從句和定語從句中的虛擬語氣Yesterday,Mikeinsistedthathehadn’tcheatedintheexamwiththecellphoneandthatheshouldnotbepunished.①Theteacherorderedthatheshouldtakeoutthecellphoneandcommandedthatheshouldphonehisparentsrightnow.①Mikerequestedthattheteachershouldnotcallhisparents.①Hedemandedthattheteachershouldgivehimanotherchance.①Theteachersaiditwasrequiredthatstudentsshouldnottakecellphonestoschool.②Hersuggestion/advicewasthatMikeshouldstudyhardinsteadofcheatingintheexams.③Itishightimethatheshouldprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination.④?某些特定的動詞之后的賓語從句常用含有should的虛擬語氣。如①,這類動詞包括“一堅持”(insist),“二命令”(order/command),“三要求”(require/request/demand),“四建議”(suggest/advise/recommend/propose)。?上述動詞用于Itis/was+過去分詞+that從句時,從句使用帶should的虛擬語氣,如②。?上述動詞的名詞形式如requirement,suggestion等,其后的表語從句或同位語從句用含有should的虛擬語氣,如③。?Itishigh/abouttimethatsb.did/shoulddosth.也是常見的虛擬語氣形式,如④。4.Itis+adj.+thatsb.shoulddo...Englishteacher:Itisimportant/essential/necessarythatyoushouldlearnEnglishwell.Student:Why?AsaChinese,IthinkitisstrangethatIshouldlearnEnglishwell.某些Itis/was+形容詞+that引導的主語從句中,主語從句要用虛擬語氣,即“(should+)動詞原形”,這類形容詞包括important,essential,necessary,strange等等。1.當suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“堅持說”之意時,suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣,而使用陳述語氣。(1)Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他臉上的笑容表明他對我們的工作很滿意。(2)Theoldmaninsistedthathewasnotillandthatheshouldnotbesenttoho

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