2019年12月大學英語四級閱讀200篇第49篇：動物中的睡眠

PAGEPAGE12019年12月大學英語四級閱讀200篇匯總Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographic(腦電圖的)senseweshareitwithalltheprimates(靈長類動物)andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles(爬行動物).Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyle.oftheanimal,andthatpredators(食肉動物)arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized(使固定不動)andremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.ButwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatallWhyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolvedPerhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.練習題：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.WhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassageA.EvolutionofSleep.B.TwoTypesofSleep.C.TheOriginalFunctionofSleep.D.AnimalsandSleep.2.Predatorsare___________.A.abletopreyevenwhentheyareindeepdreamsleepB.morelikelytoexperiencedreamsleepC.incapableofpreyingwhenimmobilizedbydreamlesssleepD.goodatpreyingonstupidanimals3.Theexampleofdogsandcatsinthesecondparagraphisintendedto_.A.explainwhichanimalsaremammalsB.showthedifferencesbetweenmammalsC.illustratehowshallowdreamlesssleepisD.revealhowsmarttheyare4.Comparewithdreamlesssleep,deepdreamsleepis_______.A.nottheresultofnaturalselectionB.lesslikelytoappeartoprimatesC.moreprotectivetotheanimalsD.atahigherstageofevolution5.Accordingtosomescientists’researchfindings,dolphinsseldomsleepbecause__.A.oftheirstupidityB.oftheirvulnerabilityC.therearepossibledangersintheoceanD.aquaticmammalsdonotneedsleep1.[A]本文三段雖然討論的內(nèi)容各有側(cè)重，但是都談到了睡眠在各種動物中的差異以及發(fā)展的歷史，具體用詞如下:第1段第1句中的ancient,最后一句中的extendback;第2段最后一句中的evolved;第3段第1句中的originalfunction。A比較準確地歸納了本文大意。B只是概括了第2段的內(nèi)容;C只提及第3段的論述內(nèi)容;D似乎涵蓋了三段內(nèi)容,但是過于寬泛,不夠具體。2.[B]根據(jù)第2段第1句第4個分句可知應(yīng)選B。A的內(nèi)容與該段第2句相悖;C中dreamlesssleep應(yīng)為dreamsleep。D的內(nèi)容文中沒有涉及。3.[C]這個例子是為了證明無夢睡眠比較淺，即第2第3句的前半句，所以選C比較合適。所有例子都是為之前或之后的話提供例證，因此,作者使用例子的目的可以從該例子之前或之后的一句話找到。本題中，貓和狗的例子是為了說明其前面的一句話,其他選項與此無關(guān),均可排除。4.[D]根據(jù)第2段倒數(shù)第3句及末句，可以推斷與無夢睡眠相比，深睡不動處于更髙的進化階段。文中雖有提及無夢睡眠對于被捕食動物來說是一種自然選擇，但并不意味著深睡不動不是自然選擇，因此A不正確;該句也提到“笨拙的動物與敏捷的動物相比，更少有深睡不動的時候”，primat