計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)實驗指導(dǎo)

ComputerNetworks

LabGuide

EditedbyHeLijun

ZhejiangUniversityofFinance&Economics

InformationSchooI

目錄

LabiUnshieldedTwistedPair(UTP)CableConstruction................2

Lab2SwitchingBasics....................................................................5

Lab2.1BasicOperationsofaSwitch.......................................6

Lab2.2BasicSwitchConfiguration.......................................20

Lab3RouterBasics.......................................................................30

Lab4RoutingBasics.....................................................................50

Lab4.1IPAddress..................................................................51

Lab4.2Configuringstaticroutes............................................68

Lab5DynamicRoutingConfiguration.............................................79

LabiUnshieldedTwistedPair(UTP)Cable

Construction

Objective

Befamiliarwithsomecommonnetworkcables

BuildaUTPEthernetnetworkcable

Testthecable

Equipments

Category5UTPcables;

RJ-45connectors;

RJ-45crimpingtools;

Ethernet/RJ-45continuitytesters

2

Steps

1.TheUTPcableisafour-pair,eight-wire,straight-through

cable.

Orange

Green

Blue

Brown

2.Forastraightthroughcable,thecolorofwireonPin1

ononeendofthecablewillbethesameasthatofPin1

ontheotherend.Pin2willbethesameasPin2,andso

on.

3.Strip5cmofjacketoffofoneendofthecable.

4.ThecablewillbewiredtoeitherTIA/EIAT568BorT568A

standards.T568Bismorecommon

3

T568B

5.Untwistandorderthewirepairsaccordingtothecolor

scheme.

6.Flatten,straighten,andlineupthewires.Trimthemin

astraightlinetowithin1.25to1.9cmfromtheedgeof

thejacket.

7.PlaceanRJ-45plugontheendofthecable,withtheprong

ontheundersideandtheorangepairtotheleftsideof

theconnector.

8.Pushtheplugontowires.Makesuretheendofthejacket

isinsidetheplug.Thencrimptheplughardenough.

9.Finishtheotherendofthecable.

10.Testthefinishedcable.

4

Lab2SwitchingBasics

Objective

■GettoknowCISCOswitches

■Observetheswitchingprocess,unstandingthemechanism

■Learnswitchesconfiguration

5

Lab2.1BasicOperationsofaSwitch

Objective

■GettoknowCISCOswitches

■Connectaterminal

■Observeswitchingoperatation

Equipments

CISCOSwitches,Cables,CONSOLECables,PCs

Steps

1.ObserveCISCOswtiches

6

ICONSOLEiICONSOLE

2.RecordthePCMACaddress

examples:

PC_AMACaddress：0013D32C68C0

PC_BMACaddress：0013D32C6172

7

::WC:\WI!IDO￥S\syste,32\c?d.exe

IC：\DocunentsandSettingsMadininistrator>ipconfig/all

WindowsIPConfiguration

HostName....AA61

PrimaryDnsSuffix

NodeType....UnknownJ

IPRoutingEnabledNo

WINSProxyEnabledNo

Ethernetadapter本地連接:

Connection-specificDNSSuffix

Description........................................RealtekRTL8139/810XFamilyFastEth

ernetNIC

PhysicalAddress...........：00-13-D3-2C-61-72

DhcpEnabled.........................................：No

IPAddress..............................................:10.9.2.2

SubnetMask.........................................：255.255.255.0

DefaultGateway..............................?：10.9.2.1

DNSSeruers.........................................：172.16.3.8

[C:\DocumentsandSettingsfdminist^atoi*)H

PC_CMACaddress：0013D32C68BE

:\￥I!iD01S\syste>32\ClD.exe

IC：\DocunentsandSettings\Adninisti*ator>ipconfig/all

pindowsIPConfiguration

HostName....AA57

PrimaryDnsSuffix

NodeType....Unknown

IPRoutingEnabledNo

WINSProxyEnabledNo

Ethernetadapter本地連接:

Connection-specificDNSSuffix

Description........................................RealtekRTL8139/810XFamilyFastEth

ernetNIC

PhysicalAddress...............................：00-13-D3-2G-68-BE

DhcpEnabled.........................................:No

IPAddress..............................................：10.9.2.4

SubnetMask.........................................：255.255.255.0

DefaultGateway...............................：10.9.2.1

DNSSeruers.........................................：172.16.3.8

|C：\DocunentsandSettings\Adninistrator>(

8

PCDMACaddress：0013D32C6886

3.Connectaterminaltotheconsolepoint.

4.Configureconsoleterminalapplication

1）開始--->程序--->附祥-->通信-->超級終端-。Hypetrm

9

2)Select"直接連接到串口19確定

3)

10

C0I1屬性

5.Connectthepowercabletopoweruptheswich.

6.ObservetheLEDsontheswitchchassis

PortstatusLEDs

ModeRedundantpower

buttonsystemLED

11

7.ViewingtheCissoIOSOutputtextontheHyperTerminal

C2950BootLoader(C2950-HB00T-M)Version12.l(6)EA2c,RELEASESOFTWARE

(fcl)

CompiledThu28-Feb-0214:59byantonino

WS-C2950-24starting...

BaseethernetMACAddress:00:0a:41:04:20:40

Xmodemfilesystemisavailable.

InitializingFlash...

flashfs[0]:14files,2directories

flashfs[0]:0orphanedfiles,0orphaneddirectories

flashfs[0]:Totalbytes:7741440

flashfs[0]:Bytesused:4163072

flashfs[0]:Bytesavailable:3578368

flashfs[0]:flashfsfscktook6seconds.

...doneinitializingflash.

BootSectorFilesystem(bs:)installed,fsid:3

ParameterBlockFilesystem(pb:)installed,fsid:4

Loading

"flash:c2950-i6q412-mz.121-9.EA1.bin〃.??###########################

###################################################################

###################################################################

###################################################################

#####################################

File“flash:c2950-i6q412-mz.121-9.EA1.bin“uncompressedandinstalled,

entrypoint:0x80010000

executing...

RestrictedRightsLegend

Use,duplication,ordisclosurebytheGovernmentis

subjecttorestrictionsassetforthinsubparagraph

(c)oftheCommercialComputerSoftware-Restricted

RightsclauseatFARsec.52.227-19andsubparagraph

(c)(1)(ii)oftheRightsinTechnicalDataandComputer

SoftwareclauseatDFARSsec.252.227-7013.

ciscoSystems,Inc.

170WestTasmanDrive

SanJose,California95134-1706

CiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftware

IOS(tm)C2950Software(C2950-I6Q4L2-M),Version12.1(9)EA1,RELEASE

SOFTWARE(fcl)

Copyright(c)1986-2002byciscoSystems,Inc.

12

CompiledWed24-Apr-0206:57byantonino

Imagetext-base:0x80010000,data-base:0x804E8000

Initializingflashfs...

flashfs[l]:14files,2directories

flashfs[l]:0orphanedfiles,0orphaneddirectories

flashfs[l]:Totalbytes:7741440

flashfs[1]:Bytesused:4163072

flashfs[l]:Bytesavailable:3578368

flashfs[1]:flashfsfscktook7seconds.

flashfs[l]:Initializationcomplete.

Doneinitializingflashfs.

POST:SystemBoardTest:Passed

POST:EthernetControllerTest:Passed

ASICInitializationPassed

POST:FRONT-ENDLOOPBACKTEST:Passed

ciscoWS-C2950-24(RC32300)processor(revisionE0)with20815Kbytes

ofmemory.

ProcessorboardIDF0C0625Y1P1

Lastresetfromsystem-reset

RunningStandardImage

24FastEthernet/IEEE802.3interface(s)

32Kbytesofflash-simulatednon-volatileconfigurationmemory.

BaseethernetMACAddress:00:0A:41:04:20:40

Motherboardassemblynumber:73-5781-10

Powersupplypartnumber:34-0965-01

Motherboardserialnumber:F0C06250925

Powersupplyserialnumber:DAB06244TS6

Modelrevisionnumber:E0

Motherboardrevisionnumber:B0

Modelnumber:WS-C2950-24

Systemserialnumber:F0C0625Y1P1

—SystemConfigurationDialog—

Wouldyouliketoentertheinitialconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:

00:00:14:%SPANTREE-5-EXTENDED_SYSID:ExtendedSysldenabledfortype

vlan

00:00:18:%SYS-5-RESTART:Systemrestarted--

CiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftware

IOS(tm)C2950Software(C2950-I6Q4L2-M),Version12.1(9)EA1,RELEASE

SOFTWARE(fcl)

Copyright(c)1986-2002byciscoSystems,Inc.

CompiledWed24-Apr-0206:57byantonino

13

00:00:22:%LINK-3-UPD0WN:InterfaceFastEthernetO/24,changedstateto

up

00:00:23:%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterface

FastEthernetO/24,changedstatetoup

00:00:28:%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterface

FastEthernetO/24,changedstatetodown

00:00:29:%LINK-3-UPD0WN:InterfaceFastEthernetO/24,changedstateto

up

00:00:33:%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterface

FastEthernetO/24,changedstatetoup

%Pleaseanswer'yes'or'no'.

Wouldyouliketoentertheinitialconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:n

PressRETURNtogetstarted!

Switch>

8.EnterUser-Mode

>enable

Enterpassword:

9.EnterPrivileged-Mode

10.Showtheswitchversion

switcher#showversion

CiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftware

IOS(tm)C2950Software(C2950-I6Q4L2-M),Version12.1(9)EA1,RELEASE

SOFTWARE(

fcl)

Copyright(c)1986-2002byciscoSystems,Inc.

CompiledWed24-Apr-0206:57byantonino

Imagetext-base:0x80010000,data-base:0x804E8000

ROM:BootstrapprogramisCALHOUNbootloader

switcheruptimeis32minutes

SystemreturnedtoROMbypower-on

Systemimagefileis“flash:c2950-i6q412-mz.121-9.EA1.bin”

ciscoWS-C2950-24(RC32300)processor(revisionE0)with20815Kbytes

ofmemory.

ProcessorboardIDF0C0625Y1P1

Lastresetfromsystem-reset

RunningStandardImage

14

24FastEthernet/IEEE802.3interface(s)

32Kbytesofflash-simulatednon-volatileconfigurationmemory.

BaseethernetMACAddress:00:0A:41:04:20:40

Motherboardassemblynumber:73-5781-10

Powersupplypartnumber:34-0965-01

Motherboardserialnumber:F0C06250925

Powersupplyserialnumber:DAB06244TS6

Modelrevisionnumber:E0

Motherboardrevisionnumber:BO

Modelnumber:WS-C2950-24

Systemserialnumber:F0C0625Y1P1

ConfigurationregisterisOxF

11.Examinethecurrentswitchconfiguration

Switchttshowrunning-config

Buildingconfiguration...

Currentconfiguration:1133bytes

i

version12.1

noservicepad

servicetimestamps

servicetimestampsloguptime

noservicepassword-encryption

i

hostnameSwitch

I

i

ipsubnet-zero

I

i

spanning-treemodepvst

nospanning-treeoptimizebpdutransmission

spanning-treeextendsystem-id

interfaceFastEthernetO/1

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/2

15

interfaceFastEthernetO/3

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/4

I

interfaceFastEthernetO/5

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/6

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/7

I

interfaceFastEthernetO/8

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/9

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/lO

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/11

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/12

I

interfaceFastEthernetO/13

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/14

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/15

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/16

interfaceFastEthernetO/17

interfaceFastEthernetO/18

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/19

i

interfaceFastEthernet0/20

interfaceFastEthernetO/21

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/22

i

interfaceFastEthernetO/23

16

interfaceFastEthernetO/24

i

interfaceGigabitEthernetO/1

i

interfaceGigabitEthernetO/2

i

interfaceVlanl

noipaddress

noiproute-cache

shutdown

I

iphttpserver

I

linecon0

linevty515

i

i

end

Switch#

12.Examinetheswitchinterfacesstatus

Svritch#showinterfacesf0/1

FastEthernetO/1isdown,lineprotocolisdown

HardwareisFastEthernet,addressis000a.4104.2041(bia

000a.4104.2041)

MTU1500bytes,BW10000Kbit,DLY1000usee,

reliability255/255,txload1/255,rxload1/255

EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset

Keepaliveset(10sec)

Auto-duplex,Auto-speed

inputflow-controlisoff,outputflow-controlisoff

ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00

LastinputneverAoutput00:02:25routputhangnever

Lastclearingof"showinterface*1countersnever

Inputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max/drops/flushes);Total

outputdrops:0

Queueingstrategy:fifo

Outputqueue:0/40(size/max)

5minuteinputrate0bits/secz0packets/sec

5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec

1packetsinput,64bytesz0nobuffer

17

Received0broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles

0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored

0watchdogz0multicastf0pauseinput

0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected

1packetsoutputf64bytes,0underruns

0outputerrors,0collisions,2interfaceresets

0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred

0lostcarrier,0nocarrier,0PAUSEoutput

0outputbufferfailuresr0outputbuffersswappedout

Switch#showinterfacesf0/3

FastEthernetO/3isdown,lineprotocolisdown(notconnect)

HardwareisFastEthernetAaddressis0015.fa61.5bc3

MTU1500bytes,BW100000Kbit,DLY100usecz

reliability255/255,txload1/255,rxload1/255

EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset

Keepaliveset(10sec)

Auto-duplex,Auto-speed,mediatypeislOOBaseTX

inputflow-controlisunsupportedoutputflow-controlis

unsupported

ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00

Lastinputnever,output01:16:48,outputhangnever

LastclearingofHshowinterface"countersnever

Inputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max/drops/flushes);Total

outputdrops:0

Queueingstrategy:fifo

Outputqueue:0/40(size/max)

5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec

5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec

1packetsinput,64bytes,0nobuffer

Received0broadcasts(0multicast)

0runts,0giantsz0throttles

0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored

0watchdog,0multicast,0pauseinput

0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected

1packetsoutputr64bytes,0underruns

0outputerrors,0collisions,2interfaceresets

0babblesr0latecollision,0deferred

0lostcarrier,0nocarrier,0PAUSEoutput

0outputbufferfailuresr0outputbuffersswappedout

Switch#

13.ShowtheMAC-AddressTableinsidetheswitches.

Switchtishowmac-address-table

MacAddressTable

18

VianMacAddressTypePorts

All0015.fa61.5bc0STATICCPU

All0100.Occc.ccccSTATICCPU

All0100.Occc.cccdSTATICCPU

All0100.Ocdd.ddddSTATICCPU

10013.d32c.6172DYNAMICFaO/2

10013.d32c.6886DYNAMICFaO/24

10013.d32c.68beDYNAMICFaO/24

10013.d32c.68c0DYNAMICFa0/l

10015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

20015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

60015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

110015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

120015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

130015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

140015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

150015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

160015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

170015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

180015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

190015.2b09.ce9aDYNAMICFaO/24

TotalMacAddressesforthiscriterion:20

Switch#

14.ComparethePCsMACAddresseswith“MAC-AddressTable”

insidetheswitches.

Questions

1.HowaswitchbuildtheMACaddressTable?

19

Lab2.2BasicSwitchConfiguration

Objective

■ConfigureCISCOswitches

Equipments

CISCOSwitches,Cables,CONSOLECables,PCs

Steps

CONSOLEIICONSOLEI

1.StartaHyperTerminalsession.

switch>

2.Enterprivilegedmode

switch>enable

Enterpassword:

20

switch#

3.EnterGobalConfigurationmode

switch#configureterminal

switch(config)#

4.Assignanametotheswitch

(1)switch1

Switch(config)#hostnameswitch_l

switch_l(config)#

(2)switch2

Switch(config)#hostnameswitch_2

5.SettheIPAddress

switch_l(config)#intvlanl

swltch_l(config-if)#ipaddress54

switch_l(config-if)#exit

switch_l(config)#

6.Setinterfaces?parameters

(1)EnterInterfaceConfiguration

switch_l(config)#interfacef0/10

switch_l(config-if)#

(2)Setduplexmode

switch_l(config-if)#speed100

switch_l(config-if)#dupl

switch_l(config-if)#duplexhalf

switch_l(config-if)#

21

7.ExitConfigurationmodeandexamineinterfacestatus

switch_l(config-if)#exit

switch_l(config)#exit

switch_l#showinterfacesf0/10

EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset

Keepaliveset(10sec)

Half-duplex,lOOMb/s,mediatypeislOOBaseTX

inputflow-controlisunsupportedoutputflow-controlisunsupported

ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00

Lastinputnever,output02:05:23,outputhangnever

Lastclearingof“showinterface1'countersnever

Inputqueue:0/75/0/0(size/max/drops/flushes);Totaloutputdrops:0

Queueingstrategy:fifo

Outputqueue:0/40(size/max)

5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec

5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec

1packetsinput,64bytes,0nobuffer

Received0broadcasts(0multicast)

0runts,0giants,0throttles

0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored

0watchdog,0multicast,0pauseinput

0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected

1packetsoutput,64bytes,0underruns

0outputerrors,0collisions,2interfaceresets

0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred

0lostcarrier,0nocarrier,0PAUSEoutput

0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout

switch_l#

8.VLANConfiguration

(1)Verifyconnectivity:pingeachotherfrom4PCs

Inthiscase:

PC_AIPAddr:1；

PC_BIPAddr:0；

PC.CIPAddr:172,21.12.26；

PC.DIPAddr:7；

22

23

(2)Setswitch2asVTPserver

VTP:VLANTrunkingProtocol;

VTPservers:whichcancreate,modify,anddeleteVLANandVLAN

configurationparametersfortheentiredomain.

TPclients:whichcannotcreate,modify,ordeleteVLANinformation.

VTPclientscanprocessVLANchangesandsendVTPmessagesoutall

trunkports

switch_2(config)#vtpmodeserver

DevicemodealreadyVTPSERVER

(3)CreateaVTPdomainnamed'ABC'

switch_2(config)#vtpdomainABC

ChangingVTPdomainnamefromNULLtoABC

(4)Setswitch_lasaVTPclient

Switch(config)#hostnameswitch_l

switch_l(config)#vtpdomainABC

24

switch_l(config)#vtpmodeclient

SettingdevicetoVTPCLIENTmode.

svritch_l(config)#

(5)CreateandnameanewVLANonswitch2.Andassign

portstothenewVLAN

AllportsareassignedtoVLAN1bydefault

(a)CreateVLAN2andnameit

svritch_2(config)#vlan2

switch_2(config-vlan)#namexyz

(b)Assignportf0/2tovlan2

svritch_2(config-vlan)#intf0/2

switch_2(config-if)#switchportmodeaccess

switch_2(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2

(c)Createthetrunk

switch_2(config)#intf0/24

switch_2(config-if)#switchportmodetrunk

(6)Setswitch1

Switch1isVTPclient,whichreceivethevlaninformationfromthe

server

(a)displayVLANinformation

switch_l#showvlanb

VLANNameStatusPorts

1defaultactiveFa0/l,FaO/2,

FaO/3,FaO/4

FaO/5,FaO/6,

FaO/7,FaO/8

FaO/9,Fa0/10,

FaO/11,FaO/12

FaO/13,FaO/14,

FaO/15,FaO/16

FaO/17,FaO/18,

FaO/19,Fa0/20

FaO/21,Fa0/22,

FaO/23,Gi0/l

GiO/2

2xyzractive

1002fddi-defaultact/unsup

1003token-ring-defaultact/unsup

25

1004fddinet-defaultact/unsup

1005trnet-defaultact/unsup

switch_l#

(b)setports

switch_l(config)#intf0/2

switch_l(config-if)#switchportmodeaccess

switch_l(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan2

switch_l(config-if)#intf0/24

switch_l(config-if)#switchportmodetrunk

(6)checkthecurrentVLANinformation

(a)switch_l

switch_l#showvlanbrief

VLANNameStatusPorts

1defaultactiveFa0/lzFaO/3,

FaO/4,FaO/5

FaO/6,FaO/7,

FaO/8,FaO/9

Fa0/10,Fa0/ll,

FaO/12,FaO/13

FaO/14,FaO/15,

FaO/16,FaO/17

FaO/18,FaO/19,

Fa0/20,FaO/21

FaO/22,FaO/23,

Gi0/lzGiO/2

2xyzactiveFa0/2

1002fddi-defaultact/unsup

1003token-ring-defaultact/unsup

1004fddinet-defaultact/unsup

1005trnet-defaultact/unsup

svritch_l#

(b)switch_2

svritch_2#showvlanbrief

VLANNameStatusPorts

1defaultactiveFa0/l,FaO/3,

FaO/4,Fa0/5

FaO/6,Fa0/7,

26

Fa0/8zFaO/9

Fa0/10AFaO/ll,

FaO/12,FaO/13

FaO/14,FaO/15,

FaO/16,FaO/17

FaO/18,FaO/19,

Fa0/20,FaO/21

FaO/22,FaO/23,

FaO/25,FaO/26

FaO/27,FaO/28,

FaO/29,Fa0/30

FaO/31,FaO/32,

FaO/33,FaO/34

FaO/35,FaO/36,

FaO/37,FaO/38

FaO/39,Fa0/40,

FaO/41,FaO/42

FaO/43,FaO/44,

FaO/45,