空氣調(diào)節(jié)課程設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)

目錄TOC\o"1-3"\u第一章工程概述與設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)11.1工程概述11.2設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)11.2.1圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱工指標(biāo)11.2.2室外設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)11.2.3室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)1第二章負(fù)荷計(jì)算22.1夏季冷負(fù)荷的計(jì)算22.1.1夏季冷負(fù)荷的組成2空調(diào)冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算方法22.2濕負(fù)荷的計(jì)算42.2.1濕負(fù)荷的組成42.2.2濕負(fù)荷的計(jì)算方法42.3負(fù)荷計(jì)算過(guò)程42.4各房間負(fù)荷匯總12第三章空調(diào)方案確實(shí)定163.1空調(diào)系統(tǒng)確實(shí)定163.1.1風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管加新風(fēng)方式確實(shí)定163.2空氣處理過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)163.2.1風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管加獨(dú)立新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)163.2.2風(fēng)量和氣流組織計(jì)算173.3風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管的選型163.4冬季熱負(fù)荷的校核20第四章風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)214.1氣流組織設(shè)計(jì)214.1.1風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管加新風(fēng)方式系統(tǒng)214.2風(fēng)管設(shè)計(jì)234.2.1風(fēng)道水力計(jì)算234.2.2風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管加新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)新風(fēng)管道水力計(jì)算244.3新風(fēng)機(jī)組選型25第五章水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)265.1水系統(tǒng)方案確實(shí)定265.2水管及水力計(jì)算265.3最不利管路水力計(jì)算27工程概述與設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)1.1工程概述本工程為某辦公大樓空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，位于南昌市.。1.2設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱工指標(biāo)查書(shū)附錄得:外墻：選用磚墻，內(nèi)外粉刷，δ=240mm，K=1.95W/m2K，衰減系數(shù)β=0.35，延遲時(shí)間ε=8.5內(nèi)墻：選用磚墻，δ=120mm，K=2.37W/m2K，β=0.59，ε=5.2h，γf=1.8屋面：保溫屋面，二氈三油綠豆砂+水泥砂漿+水泥膨脹珍珠巖70mm+石油瀝青隔氣層+鋼筋混凝土板+白灰.K=1.10W/m2K，衰減系數(shù)β=0.52，延遲時(shí)間ε=5.9h；外窗：?jiǎn)螌硬Ａт摯?，玻璃采?mm普通玻璃，窗高1.8m，內(nèi)遮陽(yáng)材料為灰白色活動(dòng)鋁百葉簾，無(wú)外遮陽(yáng)。K=4.54W/m2K.樓板：面層20+鋼筋混凝土樓板80+粉刷25，K=3.13W/m2K，γf=1.5，β=0.64，ε=4.1h；查書(shū)表2-8得房間類(lèi)型：房間類(lèi)型為中型。室外設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)南昌市室外設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)表1-1夏季大氣壓力999.1Pa空調(diào)室外計(jì)算〔干球〕溫度35.6空調(diào)室外〔濕球〕溫度27.9通風(fēng)室外計(jì)算〔干球〕溫度33空調(diào)室外日平均干球溫度32.1日平均較差7.0室外平均風(fēng)速2.7m/s室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)夏季空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)溫度：26±1℃第二章負(fù)荷計(jì)算空調(diào)房間冷〔熱〕、濕負(fù)荷是確定空調(diào)系統(tǒng)送風(fēng)量和空調(diào)設(shè)備容量的根本依據(jù)。在室內(nèi)外熱、濕擾量作用下，某一時(shí)刻進(jìn)入一個(gè)恒溫恒濕房間內(nèi)的總熱量和濕量稱(chēng)為在該時(shí)刻的得熱量和得濕量。當(dāng)?shù)脽崃繛樨?fù)值時(shí)稱(chēng)為耗〔失〕熱量。在某一時(shí)刻為保持房間恒溫恒濕，需向房間供給的冷量稱(chēng)為冷負(fù)荷；相反，為補(bǔ)償房間失熱而需向房間供給的熱量稱(chēng)為熱負(fù)荷；為維持室內(nèi)相對(duì)濕度所需由房間除去或增加的濕量稱(chēng)為濕負(fù)荷。2.1夏季冷負(fù)荷的計(jì)算夏季冷負(fù)荷的組成夏季空調(diào)房間的冷負(fù)荷主要有以下組成：1)通過(guò)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳入室內(nèi)的熱量2〕通過(guò)外窗進(jìn)入室內(nèi)的太陽(yáng)輻射熱量3〕人體散熱量4〕照明散熱量5〕設(shè)備散熱量6〕伴隨人體散濕過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的潛熱量空調(diào)冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算方法1.外墻和屋面冷負(fù)荷〔2-1〕式中—計(jì)算面積，m2；—傳熱系數(shù)，W/(m2·℃)；—計(jì)算時(shí)刻，h；圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)外表受到周期為24h諧性溫度波作用，溫度波傳到內(nèi)外表的時(shí)間延遲，h；—溫度波的作用時(shí)間，即溫度波作用于圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)外表的時(shí)間，h；—作用時(shí)刻下，圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算溫差，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)負(fù)荷溫差，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得。2.外窗冷負(fù)荷外窗的冷負(fù)荷包括兩個(gè)局部，即窗戶瞬變傳導(dǎo)得熱形成的冷負(fù)荷和窗戶日射得熱形成的冷負(fù)荷。1〕窗戶瞬變傳導(dǎo)得熱形成的冷負(fù)荷CLQτ=KFΔtτ〔2-2〕式中Δtτ—計(jì)算時(shí)刻的負(fù)荷溫差，℃，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得；K—傳熱系數(shù)，W/(m2·℃)；—計(jì)算面積，m2。2〕窗戶日射得熱形成的冷負(fù)荷CLQτ=xgxdCnCsFJj·τ〔2-3〕式中—窗的有效面積系數(shù)；單層鋼窗0.85，雙層鋼窗0.75；—地點(diǎn)修正系數(shù)，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得；Cn—窗內(nèi)遮陽(yáng)設(shè)施的遮陽(yáng)系數(shù)，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得；Cs—窗玻璃的遮擋系數(shù)，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得；Jj·τ—計(jì)算時(shí)刻時(shí)，透過(guò)單位窗口面積的太陽(yáng)總輻射熱形成的冷負(fù)荷，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度，W/m2，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得。3.內(nèi)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)冷負(fù)荷1〕當(dāng)鄰室為通風(fēng)良好的非空調(diào)房間時(shí)，通過(guò)內(nèi)墻和樓板的溫差傳熱負(fù)荷，可按式〔2-1〕計(jì)算。此時(shí)負(fù)荷溫差應(yīng)按《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》相應(yīng)表中“零”朝向的數(shù)據(jù)采用。2〕當(dāng)鄰室為空調(diào)房間時(shí)，室溫均相同，可不用計(jì)算4.地面冷負(fù)荷查舒適性空調(diào)，地面?zhèn)鳠峥珊雎圆挥?jì)。5.室內(nèi)熱源散熱形成的冷負(fù)荷設(shè)備、照明和人體散熱得熱形成的冷負(fù)荷，在工程上可用下式簡(jiǎn)化計(jì)算。1〕設(shè)備冷負(fù)荷CLQτ=JEτ-TQ〔2-4〕式中Q—設(shè)備得熱，W；T—設(shè)備投入使用時(shí)刻，h；Eτ-T—時(shí)間內(nèi)的設(shè)備負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度系數(shù)，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得。2〕照明冷負(fù)荷CLQτ=JLτ-TQ〔2-5〕式中Q—照明得熱，W；T—開(kāi)燈時(shí)刻，h；Lτ-T—時(shí)間內(nèi)的照明負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度系數(shù)，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得。3〕人體冷負(fù)荷人體冷負(fù)荷包括人體顯熱冷負(fù)荷和人體潛熱冷負(fù)荷。ⅰ.人體顯熱冷負(fù)荷CLQτ=JPτ-TQ〔2-6〕式中Q—人體得熱，W；T—人員進(jìn)入房間時(shí)刻，h；Pτ-T—時(shí)間內(nèi)的人體負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度系數(shù)，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得。ⅱ.人體潛熱冷負(fù)荷〔2-7〕式中—不同室溫和勞動(dòng)性質(zhì)時(shí)成年男子散熱量，W，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得；—室內(nèi)全部人數(shù)；—群集系數(shù)，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得。2.2濕負(fù)荷的計(jì)算濕負(fù)荷的組成空調(diào)房間的濕負(fù)荷有以下組成：1〕人體散濕量；濕負(fù)荷的計(jì)算方法本次設(shè)計(jì)濕負(fù)荷主要考慮的是人體散濕量。人體濕負(fù)荷Wr〔kg/h〕可按下式計(jì)算：〔2-8〕式中—計(jì)算時(shí)刻空調(diào)房間內(nèi)的總?cè)藬?shù)；—群體系數(shù)，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得；—一名成年男子的每小時(shí)散濕量，g/h，可通過(guò)《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》查得。成年男子散熱散濕量109g/(h·人)2.3負(fù)荷計(jì)算過(guò)程2.3.1屋面?zhèn)鳠崂湄?fù)荷:由附錄2-9中查得K=1.10,衰減系數(shù)β=0.52,延遲時(shí)間ε=5.9h.從附錄2-11查得擾量作用時(shí)刻時(shí)的南昌市屋頂負(fù)荷溫差的逐時(shí)值,按式(2-1)算出屋頂?shù)闹饡r(shí)冷負(fù)荷.屋面?zhèn)鳠崂湄?fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-1時(shí)刻tKW/(m2?K)F〔m2〕(K)(W)8:001.1022.329220.979:001.1022.328196.4210:001.1022.329220.9711:001.1022.3210245.5212:001.1022.3212294.6313:001.1022.3214343.7314:001.1022.3217417.3915:001.1022.3219466.4916:001.1022.3222540.1517:001.1022.3224589.252.3.2南外墻傳熱冷負(fù)荷：由附錄2-9中查得K=1.95,衰減系數(shù)β=0.35,延遲時(shí)間ε=8.5h.從附錄2-10查得擾量作用時(shí)刻時(shí)的南昌市南向外墻負(fù)荷溫差的逐時(shí)值,按式(2-1)算出南外墻的逐時(shí)冷負(fù)荷.南外墻傳熱冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-2計(jì)算時(shí)刻tKW/(m2.K)F(m2)〔K〕(W)8:001.957.568117.949:001.957.567.5110.5710:001.957.567103.2011:001.957.567103.2012:001.957.567103.2013:001.957.567103.2014:001.957.567103.2015:001.957.567.5110.5716:001.957.568117.9417:001.957.568.5125.312.3.3南外窗冷負(fù)荷1)瞬變傳熱得熱形成冷負(fù)荷:由附錄2-12中查得各計(jì)算時(shí)刻的負(fù)荷溫差,按式(2-2)計(jì)算得出.南外窗瞬時(shí)傳熱冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-3時(shí)刻tKW/(m2..K)F(m2)(K)〔W〕8:004.543.244.261.789:004.543.245.073.5510:004.543.246.088.2611:004.543.246.8100.0312:004.543.247.6111.8013:004.543.248.2120.6214:004.543.248.7127.9715:004.543.249.0132.3916:004.543.249.1133.8617:004.543.248.9130.922)日射得熱形成冷負(fù)荷：由附錄2-13中查得各計(jì)算時(shí)刻的負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度,窗面積3.24m2,按式(2-3)計(jì)算得出南外窗日射得熱形成冷負(fù)荷.南外窗日射冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-4時(shí)刻tF(m2)(W/m2)(W)8:003.240.850.870.930.603850.809:003.240.850.870.930.605269.5210:003.240.850.870.930.6076101.6111:003.240.850.870.930.6099132.3612:003.240.850.870.930.60114152.4113:003.240.850.870.930.60114152.4114:003.240.850.870.930.60100133.7015:003.240.850.870.930.6081108.2916:003.240.850.870.930.606992.2517:003.240.850.870.930.605370.862.3.4北外墻傳熱冷負(fù)荷:由附錄2-9中查得K=1.95,衰減系數(shù)β=0.35,延遲時(shí)間ε=8.5h.從附錄2-10查得擾量作用時(shí)刻時(shí)的南昌市北向外墻負(fù)荷溫差的逐時(shí)值,按式(2-1)算出南外墻的逐時(shí)冷負(fù)荷.北外墻傳熱冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-5時(shí)刻tKW/(m2..K)F(m2)〔K〕(W)8:001.957.567.5110.579:001.957.567103.2010:001.957.567103.2011:001.957.567103.2012:001.957.567103.2013:001.957.567103.2014:001.957.567103.2015:001.957.567.5110.5716:001.957.568117.9417:001.957.568117.942.3.5北外窗冷負(fù)荷1)瞬變傳熱得熱形成冷負(fù)荷:由附錄2-12中查得各計(jì)算時(shí)刻的負(fù)荷溫差,按式(2-2)計(jì)算得出.北外窗瞬時(shí)傳熱冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-6時(shí)刻tKW/(m2..K)F(m2)(K)〔W〕8:004.543.244.261.789:004.543.245.073.5510:004.543.246.088.2611:004.543.246.8100.0312:004.543.247.6111.8013:004.543.248.2120.6214:004.543.248.7127.9715:004.543.249.0132.3916:004.543.249.1133.8617:004.543.248.9130.922)日射得熱形成冷負(fù)荷：由附錄2-13中查得各計(jì)算時(shí)刻的負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度,窗面積3.24m北外窗日射冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-7時(shí)刻tF(m2)(W/m2)(W)8:003.240.851.000.930.604873.769:003.240.851.000.930.605686.0610:003.240.851.000.930.6066101.4311:003.240.851.000.930.6073112.1812:003.240.851.000.930.6078119.8713:003.240.851.000.930.6079121.4014:003.240.851.000.930.6077118.3315:003.240.851.000.930.6071109.1116:003.240.851.000.930.606498.3517:003.240.851.000.930.6067102.962.3.6西外墻傳熱冷負(fù)荷:由附錄2-9中查得K=1.95,衰減系數(shù)β=0.35,延遲時(shí)間ε=8.5h.從附錄2-10查得擾量作用時(shí)刻時(shí)的南昌市西向外墻負(fù)荷溫差的逐時(shí)值,按式(2-1)算出西外墻的逐時(shí)冷負(fù)荷.西外墻傳熱冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-8計(jì)算時(shí)刻tKW/(m2.K)F(m2)〔K〕(W)8:001.9517.9611385.249:001.9517.9610.5367.7310:001.9517.969.5332.7111:001.9517.969315.2012:001.9517.969315.2013:001.9517.969315.2014:001.9517.969315.2015:001.9517.969315.2016:001.9517.969315.2017:001.9517.969.5332.712.3.7西外窗1)瞬變傳熱得熱形成冷負(fù)荷:由附錄2-12中查得各計(jì)算時(shí)刻的負(fù)荷溫差,按式(2-2)計(jì)算得出.西外窗瞬時(shí)傳熱冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-9時(shí)刻tKW/(m2..K)F(m2)(K)〔W〕8:004.540.644.212.209:004.540.645.014.5310:004.540.646.017.4311:004.540.646.819.7612:004.540.647.622.0813:004.540.648.223.8314:004.540.648.725.2815:004.540.649.026.1516:004.540.649.126.4417:004.540.648.925.862)日射得熱形成冷負(fù)荷：由附錄2-13中查得各計(jì)算時(shí)刻的負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度,按式(2-3)計(jì)算得出西外窗日射得熱形成冷負(fù)荷.西外窗日射冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-10時(shí)刻tF(m2)(W/m2)(W)8:000.640.851.060.930.604514.489:000.640.851.060.930.605718.3410:000.640.851.060.930.606721.5611:000.640.851.060.930.607423.8112:000.640.851.060.930.607925.4213:000.640.851.060.930.6012941.5114:000.640.851.060.930.6022371.7515:000.640.851.060.930.6030297.1716:000.640.851.060.930.60343110.3717:000.640.851.060.930.60331106.50非圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)東內(nèi)墻傳熱冷負(fù)荷當(dāng)鄰室為通風(fēng)良好的非空調(diào)房間時(shí)，通過(guò)內(nèi)墻和樓板的溫差傳熱負(fù)荷，可按式〔2-1〕計(jì)算。此時(shí)負(fù)荷溫差應(yīng)按《空氣調(diào)節(jié)》相應(yīng)表中“零”朝向的數(shù)據(jù)采用。內(nèi)墻冷負(fù)荷表2-11計(jì)算時(shí)刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00Δtx-τ65.555555555.5K2.37F18.6CLQτ264.49242.45220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41242.452.3.9設(shè)備散熱冷負(fù)荷:查附錄2-14.設(shè)備連續(xù)工作時(shí)間17-8=9h,設(shè)備散熱按20W/m2計(jì)算,辦公室面積F=22.32設(shè)備散熱冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-12時(shí)間tQ(W)(W)8:00000.009:00446.400.58258.9110:00446.400.77343.7311:00446.400.81361.5812:00446.400.84374.9813:00446.400.87388.3714:00446.400.89397.3015:00446.400.9401.7616:00446.400.92410.6917:00446.400.37165.172.3.10照明設(shè)備冷負(fù)荷:辦公室按2支40W(包括鎮(zhèn)流器)熒光燈計(jì)算,查附錄2-15,連續(xù)開(kāi)燈時(shí)間17-8=9h,計(jì)算出照明設(shè)備冷負(fù)荷.照明設(shè)備冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-13時(shí)間tn1n2N〔kW〕(W)8:001.20.68000.009:001.20.6800.4324.7710:001.20.6800.6336.2911:001.20.6800.740.3212:001.20.6800.7543.2013:001.20.6800.7945.5114:001.20.6800.8347.8115:001.20.6800.8548.9616:001.20.6800.8850.6917:001.20.6800.4928.232.3.11人體散熱冷負(fù)荷:辦公室按有5人計(jì)算,查表2-18得成年男子散熱散濕量:顯熱61W/人,潛熱73W/人,散濕量109g/(h·人).查附表2-16,連續(xù)工作時(shí)間8h.人體散熱冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算表表2-14時(shí)間tn(W)8:0050.9361009:0050.93610.53515.3410:0050.93610.71566.3911:0050.93610.77583.4112:0050.93610.81594.7613:0050.93610.84603.2714:0050.93610.86608.9415:0050.93610.89617.4516:0050.93610.9620.2917:0050.93610.41481.302.4各房間負(fù)荷匯總2.4.1109辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總表2-15109辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總(單位:W)時(shí)刻t08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00屋面?zhèn)鳠嶝?fù)荷220.97196.42220.97245.52294.63343.73417.39466.49540.15589.25南外墻傳熱負(fù)荷117.94110.57103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20110.57117.94125.31南外窗傳熱負(fù)荷61.7873.5588.26100.03111.8120.62127.97132.39133.86130.92南外窗日射負(fù)荷50.8069.52101.61132.36152.41152.41133.7108.2992.2570.86西墻傳熱負(fù)荷385.24367.73332.71315.20315.20315.20315.20315.20315.20332.71西窗傳熱負(fù)荷12.2014.5317.4319.7622.0822.8325.2826.1526.4425.86西窗日射負(fù)荷14.4818.3421.5623.8125.4241.5171.7597.17110.37106.50照明散熱負(fù)荷0.0024.7736.2940.3243.245.5147.8148.9650.6928.23設(shè)備散熱負(fù)荷0.00258.91343.73361.58374.98388.37397.30401.76410.69165.17人體散熱負(fù)荷0.00515.34566.39583.41594.76603.27608.94617.45620.29481.3總計(jì)863.411660.991847.311941.632054.972154.582266.92343.432437.092064.862.4.2110辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總表2-16110辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總(單位:W)時(shí)刻t08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00屋面?zhèn)鳠嶝?fù)荷220.97196.42220.97245.52294.63343.73417.39466.49540.15589.25北外墻傳熱負(fù)荷110.57103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20110.57117.94117.94北外窗傳熱負(fù)荷61.7873.5588.26100.03111.8120.62127.97132.39133.86130.92北外窗日射負(fù)荷73.7686.06101.43112.18119.87121.4118.33109.1198.35102.96西墻傳熱負(fù)荷385.24367.73332.71315.20315.20315.20315.20315.20315.20332.71西窗傳熱負(fù)荷12.2014.5317.4319.7622.0822.8325.2826.1526.4425.86西窗日射負(fù)荷14.4818.3421.5623.8125.4241.5171.7597.17110.37106.50照明散熱負(fù)荷0.0024.7736.2940.3243.2045.5147.8148.9650.6928.23設(shè)備散熱負(fù)荷0.00258.91343.73361.58374.98388.37397.30401.76410.69165.17人體散熱負(fù)荷0.00515.34566.39583.41594.76603.27608.94617.45620.29481.3總計(jì)879.001670.161847.131921.452022.432123.572251.532344.252443.192089.592.4.3103/105/107辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總表2-17103/105/107辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總(單位:W)時(shí)刻t08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00屋面?zhèn)鳠嶝?fù)荷220.97196.42220.97245.52294.63343.73417.39466.49540.15589.25南外墻傳熱負(fù)荷117.94110.57103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20110.57117.94125.31南外窗傳熱負(fù)荷61.7873.5588.26100.03111.80120.62127.97132.39133.86130.92南外窗日射負(fù)荷50.8069.52101.61132.36152.41152.41133.70108.2992.2570.86照明散熱負(fù)荷0.0024.7736.2940.3243.2045.5147.8148.9650.6928.23設(shè)備散熱負(fù)荷0.00258.91343.73361.58374.98388.37397.30401.76410.69165.17人體散熱負(fù)荷0.00515.34566.39583.41594.76603.27608.94617.45620.29481.3總計(jì)451.491260.391475.611582.861692.271775.041854.671904.911985.081599.792.4.4104/106/108辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總表2-18104/106/108辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總(單位:W)時(shí)刻t08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00屋面?zhèn)鳠嶝?fù)荷220.97196.42220.97245.52294.63343.73417.39466.49540.15589.25北外墻傳熱負(fù)荷110.57103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20110.57117.94117.94北外窗傳熱負(fù)荷61.7873.5588.26100.03111.8120.62127.97132.39133.86130.92北外窗日射負(fù)荷73.7686.06101.43112.18119.87121.40118.33109.1198.35102.96照明散熱負(fù)荷0.0024.7736.2940.3243.2045.5147.8148.9650.6928.23設(shè)備散熱負(fù)荷0.00258.91343.73361.58374.98388.37397.3401.76410.69165.17人體散熱負(fù)荷0.00515.34566.39583.41594.76603.27608.94617.45620.29481.3總計(jì)467.081269.561475.431562.681659.731744.031839.301905.731991.181624.522.4.5101辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總表2-19101辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總(單位:W)時(shí)刻t08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00屋面?zhèn)鳠嶝?fù)荷220.97196.42220.97245.52294.63343.73417.39466.49540.15589.25南外墻傳熱負(fù)荷117.94110.57103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20110.57117.94125.31南外窗傳熱負(fù)荷61.7873.5588.26100.03111.80120.62127.97132.39133.86130.92南外窗日射負(fù)荷50.8069.52101.61132.36152.41152.41133.70108.2992.2570.86內(nèi)墻傳熱負(fù)荷264.49242.45220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41242.45照明散熱負(fù)荷0.0024.7736.2940.3243.2045.5147.8148.9650.6928.23設(shè)備散熱負(fù)荷0.00258.91343.73361.58374.98388.37397.30401.76410.69165.17人體散熱負(fù)荷0.00515.34566.39583.41594.76603.27608.94617.45620.29481.3總計(jì)715.981502.841696.021803.271912.681995.452075.082125.322205.491842.242.4.6102辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總表2-20102辦公室夏季負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總(單位:W)時(shí)刻t08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00屋面?zhèn)鳠嶝?fù)荷220.97196.42220.97245.52294.63343.73417.39466.49540.15589.25北外墻傳熱負(fù)荷110.57103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20103.20110.57117.94117.94北外窗傳熱負(fù)荷61.7873.5588.26100.03111.80120.62127.97132.39133.86130.92北外窗日射負(fù)荷73.7686.06101.43112.18119.87121.40118.33109.1198.35102.96內(nèi)墻傳熱負(fù)荷264.49242.45220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41220.41242.45照明散熱負(fù)荷0.0024.7736.2940.3243.2045.5147.8148.9650.6928.23設(shè)備散熱負(fù)荷0.00258.91343.73361.58374.98388.37397.30401.76410.69165.17人體散熱負(fù)荷0.00515.34566.39583.41594.76603.27608.94617.45620.29481.3總計(jì)731.571512.011695.841783.091880.141964.442059.712126.142211.591866.972.4.7夏季冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總表2-21各房間負(fù)荷計(jì)算匯總(單位:W)時(shí)刻t08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00101715.981502.841696.021803.271912.681995.452075.082125.322205.491842.24102731.571512.011695.841783.091880.141964.442059.712126.142211.591866.97103/105/107451.491249.081460.451566.421674.981757.111836.311885.911965.871591.04104/106/108467.081258.251460.271546.241642.441726.101820.941886.731971.971615.77109863.411649.681832.151925.192037.682136.652248.542324.432417.882056.11110879.001658.851831.971905.012005.142105.642233.172325.252423.982080.84第三章空調(diào)方案確實(shí)定3.1空調(diào)系統(tǒng)確實(shí)定風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管加新風(fēng)方式確實(shí)定辦公室等小空間人員集中程度大，各房間的負(fù)荷根據(jù)運(yùn)行時(shí)間不一致，且各自有不同要求，因而采用風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管加新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管直接放置在各個(gè)空調(diào)房間內(nèi)，對(duì)室內(nèi)回風(fēng)進(jìn)行處理；新風(fēng)那么由新風(fēng)機(jī)組集中處理后通過(guò)新風(fēng)管道送入室內(nèi)與回風(fēng)混合。新風(fēng)機(jī)組每層放置一臺(tái)在空調(diào)機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)，制冷機(jī)組放置在屋頂。風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管加新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的冷量或熱量是由空氣和水共同承當(dāng)，所以屬于空氣-水系統(tǒng)。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)如下：1〕布置靈活，節(jié)能效果好，各房間能根據(jù)室內(nèi)負(fù)荷情況單獨(dú)調(diào)節(jié)溫濕度，房間不使用時(shí)可以關(guān)掉機(jī)組，不影響其他房間的使用；2〕各空調(diào)房間互不相通，不會(huì)相互污染；3〕只需要新風(fēng)機(jī)房，機(jī)房面積小，風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管可以安裝在空調(diào)房間內(nèi)；4〕與集中式空調(diào)相比，不需要回風(fēng)管道，節(jié)省建筑空間；5〕節(jié)省運(yùn)行費(fèi)用；6〕使用壽命長(zhǎng)。3.2空氣處理過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管加獨(dú)立新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)房間根本情況空調(diào)房間要求恒溫精度為26±1℃，房間的長(zhǎng)、寬和高分別為：A=6.2m，B=3.6m，H=3m，房間內(nèi)人數(shù)5，室內(nèi)的冷負(fù)荷Q=2423.98W，濕負(fù)荷夏季房間最大冷負(fù)荷及濕負(fù)荷總匯表表3-1房間101102103/105/107104/106/108109110冷負(fù)荷W2205.492211.591965.871971.972417.882423.98濕負(fù)荷g/h506.85506.85506.85506.85506.85506.85風(fēng)量和氣流組織計(jì)算以110室為例進(jìn)行風(fēng)量與氣流組織計(jì)算一、夏季送風(fēng)狀態(tài)點(diǎn)和送風(fēng)量1.計(jì)算熱濕比線2.夏季送風(fēng)狀態(tài)點(diǎn)和送風(fēng)量確實(shí)定考慮到衛(wèi)生和能效，選擇處理后的新風(fēng)和風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管處理過(guò)的空氣混合后送入室內(nèi)的方案。新風(fēng)處理到室內(nèi)空氣焓值，不承當(dāng)室內(nèi)負(fù)荷，并且新風(fēng)進(jìn)入風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管。圖4.1新風(fēng)進(jìn)入風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管不承當(dāng)室內(nèi)負(fù)荷方案由圖可得：hN=56.08kJ/kg，tN=26℃；ho=45.20kJ/kg，to=17℃。ΔtN=9℃3.送風(fēng)狀態(tài)點(diǎn)室內(nèi)外參數(shù)tN=26℃，=55%，tW=35.6℃，tWs=27.9℃，查得iN=56.08kJ/kg，iw=89.64kJ/kg，由iN=56.08kJ/kg，=90%確定點(diǎn)L1，tL1=20.6℃，iL在i-d圖中，過(guò)N點(diǎn)作ε線與=90%相交，即得送風(fēng)狀態(tài)點(diǎn)O，to=17℃，io=45.20kJ/kg，送風(fēng)溫差=26-17=9℃?？傦L(fēng)量G=Q/(iN-io〕=0.22kg/s=660m4.用換氣次數(shù)校核換氣次數(shù)定義為房間通風(fēng)量L(m3/h)和房間體積V(m3)的比值，即n=L/V〔3-2〕那么110辦公室換氣次數(shù)n=660/(3.6×6.2×3.0)=10＞5次/h，所以符合換氣次數(shù)要求。5.新風(fēng)量確實(shí)定由總風(fēng)量的10%得新風(fēng)量，Gw=G×10%=660×10%=66m3人需風(fēng)量：新風(fēng)量按每人每小時(shí)30m3計(jì)算，房間人數(shù)為n=5人，那么每小時(shí)向辦公室房間供給的新風(fēng)量Gw=G×n=30×5=150m3比擬可得150m3/h>66m3/h，所以新風(fēng)量LW=150m6.新風(fēng)負(fù)荷〔3-3〕式中Gw—新風(fēng)量，kg/siw，iL—室外新風(fēng)點(diǎn)以及新風(fēng)處理后點(diǎn)的焓值，kJ/kg那么110辦公室的新風(fēng)負(fù)荷為Qw=0.05×1000×(89.64-56.08)=1678W7.風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管風(fēng)量〔3-4〕式中G—總送風(fēng)量，kg/s；GW—新風(fēng)量，kg/s那么風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管風(fēng)量為GF=0.22-0.05=0.17kg/s=8.風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管冷量連接點(diǎn)L1及點(diǎn)O并延長(zhǎng)至L2點(diǎn)，使/(Gw/GF),那么iL2=io-(iL1-io〕GW/GF=45.20-(56.08-45.20)×150/510=42kJ/kg那么風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管冷量QF=GF〔iN-iL2〕〔3-5〕QF=GF〔iN-iL2〕=0.17×1000〔56.08-42〕=2393.6W各房間亦如上計(jì)算，匯總?cè)缦拢罕?-2房間號(hào)總風(fēng)量G〔m3/h〕新風(fēng)量Gw〔m3/h〕風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管風(fēng)量GF〔m3/h〕風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管冷量QF〔W〕新風(fēng)負(fù)荷Qw〔W〕101辦公室6301504802318.41678102辦公室6001504502206.51678103辦公室5101503601927.21678104辦公室51015036019261678105辦公室5101503601927.21678106辦公室51015036019261678107辦公室5101503601927.21678108辦公室51015036019261678109辦公室6601505102393.61678110辦公室6601505102393.616783.3風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管的選型根據(jù)風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管風(fēng)量以及所承當(dāng)?shù)睦淞繉?duì)風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管進(jìn)行選型。選用上海北極空調(diào)暖通設(shè)備廠生產(chǎn)的臥式暗裝風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管，型號(hào)及性能參數(shù)如下表所列〔進(jìn)出水溫差5℃風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管性能參數(shù)表3-3房間號(hào)型號(hào)風(fēng)量(m3/h)冷量(w)熱量(w)水阻力(kpa)水量(L/S)噪音dB(A)臺(tái)數(shù)101辦公室FP-7575035505820250.233401102辦公室FP-7575035505820250.233401103辦公室FP-555502650434512.50.167371104辦公室FP-555502650434512.50.167371105辦公室FP-555502650434512.50.167371106辦公室FP-555502650434512.50.167371107辦公室FP-555502650434512.50.167371108辦公室FP-555502650434512.50.167371109辦公室FP-7575035505820250.233401110辦公室FP-7575035505820250.2334013.4冬季熱負(fù)荷的校核冬季只需要校核風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管提供的熱量是否滿足房間要求即可。經(jīng)校核，風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管所提供的熱量遠(yuǎn)大于夏季空調(diào)冷量，而夏季冷負(fù)荷與冬季熱負(fù)荷相差不大，因此均能滿足房間要求。第四章風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)4.1氣流組織設(shè)計(jì)4.1.1以110辦公室為例：選定送風(fēng)口型式為可調(diào)式雙層百葉型送風(fēng)口，查表5-2，其,,紊流系數(shù)α=0.16，風(fēng)口尺寸定為0.320.20(mm),有效面積系數(shù)為0.8,=0.05m2.設(shè)定為水平貼附射流,風(fēng)口布置在房間寬度方向上，射流長(zhǎng)度x=6.2-0.5+(3.0-2-0.2)=6.5m(取工作區(qū)高度2m,風(fēng)口中心距頂棚0.2m,離墻0.5m為不保證區(qū)試選用一個(gè)風(fēng)口,射流的=10.8利用各修正系數(shù)圖求、、。按，查圖5-13曲線1得=0.94，即射流受限。由于不屬垂直射流，因此不考慮。選定送風(fēng)溫差計(jì)算送風(fēng)量L并校核換氣次數(shù)n。由表2—20選定送風(fēng)溫差=9℃Q=2423.983.6=8726.33次/h換氣次數(shù)11.9次/h>5次/h，滿足要求。6.確定送風(fēng)速度按手冊(cè)式(25.2-4)確定送風(fēng)速度:按手冊(cè)式(25.2-5)計(jì)算射流自由度:7.檢查：所以=0.119=0.99℃≤1℃.8.校核貼附長(zhǎng)度面積當(dāng)量直徑為計(jì)算Ar為：從手冊(cè)圖25.2-2查得x/do=28，那么貼附長(zhǎng)度x=28×0.25=7.0m，大于射程6.5房間風(fēng)量及氣流組織計(jì)算表表4-1房間101102103/105/107104/106/108109110冷負(fù)荷w2205.492211.591965.871971.972417.882423.98濕負(fù)荷g/h506.85506.85506.85506.85506.85506.85熱濕比156651570813963140061717317217In55.555.555.555.555.555.5Io44.344.344.344.344.344.3風(fēng)量m3/h727.88729.90648.80650.82798.00800.00進(jìn)深m6.26.26.26.26.26.2開(kāi)間m3.63.63.63.63.63.6高m3.03.03.03.03.03.0氣流射程m6.56.56.56.56.56.5換氣次數(shù)10.910.99.79.711.911.9送風(fēng)溫差999999送風(fēng)速度m/s444444射流自由度11.5711.5712.2512.2511.0511.05風(fēng)口個(gè)數(shù)111111風(fēng)口面積m20.0640.0640.0380.0380.0640.064風(fēng)口尺寸320320320320320320200200150150200200人員數(shù)555544人需風(fēng)量m3/h150150150150120120新風(fēng)量1501501501501201204.2風(fēng)管設(shè)計(jì)4.2.1風(fēng)道水力計(jì)算步驟風(fēng)道水力計(jì)算實(shí)際上是風(fēng)道設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的一局部。它包括的內(nèi)容有：合理采用管內(nèi)空氣流速以確定風(fēng)管截面尺寸；計(jì)算風(fēng)系統(tǒng)阻力及選擇風(fēng)機(jī)；平衡各支風(fēng)路的阻力以保證各支風(fēng)路的風(fēng)量到達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)值。采用假定流速法進(jìn)行風(fēng)道水力計(jì)算的步驟如下：繪制空調(diào)系統(tǒng)軸測(cè)圖，并對(duì)各段風(fēng)道進(jìn)行編號(hào)、標(biāo)注長(zhǎng)度和風(fēng)量。管段長(zhǎng)度一般按兩個(gè)管件的中心線長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算。確定風(fēng)管內(nèi)的合理流速。選定流速時(shí)，要綜合考慮建筑空間、初始投資、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用及噪聲等因素。查《空調(diào)制冷專(zhuān)業(yè)課程設(shè)計(jì)指南》表5-4選取主風(fēng)道風(fēng)速為5～6.5m/s，水平支風(fēng)道風(fēng)速為3.0～4.5m/s。根據(jù)各風(fēng)道的風(fēng)量和選定流速，計(jì)算各管段的斷面尺寸，并使斷面尺寸符合通風(fēng)管道統(tǒng)一規(guī)格，再算出風(fēng)道內(nèi)實(shí)際流速。根據(jù)風(fēng)量L或?qū)嶋H流速v和斷面當(dāng)量直徑D查圖得到單位長(zhǎng)度摩擦阻力Rm。計(jì)算沿程阻力和局部阻力選擇最不利環(huán)路〔即阻力最大的環(huán)路〕進(jìn)行阻力計(jì)算ⅰ.沿程阻力公式為：〔4-1〕式中l(wèi)—管段長(zhǎng)度，m；Rm—單位長(zhǎng)度摩擦阻力，Pa/mⅱ.局部阻力公式為：〔4-2〕系統(tǒng)總阻力公式為：〔4-3〕4.2.21〕新風(fēng)管道布置圖圖4-1新風(fēng)管道軸測(cè)圖表15最不利管路管段水力計(jì)算匯總表管段編號(hào)1-22-33-44-55-66-7風(fēng)量L〔m3/h〕15030060090012001500管長(zhǎng)l〔m〕1.53.63.63.63.61.4初選流速v〔m/s〕445666風(fēng)管截面積〔m2〕0.01040.02080.0330.0420.0560.069a〔mm〕120160200250320320b〔mm〕120120160160160200實(shí)際面積〔m2〕0.01440.01920.0320.0400.0510.064當(dāng)量直徑D〔mm〕120137178195213246實(shí)際流速v〔m/s〕2.94.35.26.256.56.5單位長(zhǎng)度磨擦阻力Rm〔Pa/m〕1.12.02.12.62.62.1磨擦阻力Δpm〔Pa〕1.657.27.569.369.362.94側(cè)送風(fēng)口ζ2.042.042.042.042.042.04多葉調(diào)節(jié)閥0.250.250.250.250.250.25漸縮管ζ1.01.0\1.0\\三通或四通ζ0.30.40.50.50.50.5總局部阻力系數(shù)3.593.692.793.792.792.79局部阻力Z〔Pa〕18.140.945.388.870.770.7總阻力Δp=Δpm+Z〔Pa〕19.7548.1352.8698.1680.0673.644.3新風(fēng)機(jī)組的選型新風(fēng)機(jī)組根據(jù)其新風(fēng)量及制冷量的多少選型。考慮送風(fēng)時(shí)的風(fēng)量損失，選型時(shí)應(yīng)乘以系數(shù)1.2，保證風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管的風(fēng)量滿足每一個(gè)房間。制冷量由公式求得，其中=89.64kJ/kg，=56.08kJ/kg校核制冷量乘以系數(shù)1.2，最后根據(jù)校核制冷量選型。見(jiàn)下表：表17各房間新風(fēng)量及其制冷量房間號(hào)新風(fēng)量校核