英語新學(xué)案人教必修三全國通用版講義UNIT4

WarmingUp&Reading—Pre-reading

1.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ChinahassentupTiangong-I

successfullyandisworkingonbuildingaspacestation.Areyouinterestedinspacestation?

2.WhydothesixteencountriesspendalotofmoneybuildingtheInternationalSpace

Station?

TheInternational

SpaceStation

國際空間站

是在國際合作基

礎(chǔ)上建造的最大

載人空間站，為

人類進(jìn)行科學(xué)研

究和天文觀測提

供了技術(shù)保障。

TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)willbealittle"cityinspace*orbiting(沿軌道

運轉(zhuǎn))250milesabovetheearth.Aboutthesizeoftwofootballfields,thespacestationwillbe

aplacewherepeoplefromaroundtheworldcanliveandstudyinspaceoverlongperiodsof

time.TheISSisanextremelyexpensiveproject,butitwillsomedayserveasastepping-stone

forfuturespaceexploration.

SixteencountriesfromaroundtheworldareworkingtogetherontheInternational

SpaceStation.TheseinternationalpartnersaretheUnitedStates,Russia,Canada,Japan,

BrazilandEuropeanSpaceAgency(Belgium,Britain9Denmark9France,Germany,Italy,

theNether-Jands,Norway,Spain,Sweden,andSwitzerland).

Riskingthedangersofspace,thesixteencountriesarespendingbillionsofdollarsand

manyyearsbuildingthespacestationbecausetheybelievetheycanbenefitalotfrom

it.Perhapsthemostimportantbenefitisthatthespacestationallowshumanstoliveand

studyforlongperiodsinmicrogravity（微重力），ora^weightless*environment.

,velearnedfrompastspacetravelthatlivinginmicrogravityleadstotheweakeningof

bonesandmuscles.Thespacestationwillallowscientiststounderstandtheseeffectsand

studypossiblesolutionsforlong-termspacetravel.

Butstudyinginmicrogravityisnottheonlyreasonforthespacestation.Forthefirst

time,wewillbeabletoobservetheearthfromdifferentangles（角度）overlongperiodsof

time.Thespacestationwillallowustowatchchangesintheenvironmenttobetter

understandourownplanet.Thespacestationwillalsogiveusanopportunitytostudythe

environmentofspace.

WarmingUp

1.Doyouknowhowmanyplanetscirclearoundthesuninoursolarsystem?Whatare

they?

Yes」IheYjVenus（金星），Earth（地球），MarS（火星），MerClIrY_（水星），JlIPit明_（木

星），SatllE_（土星），UranIIS（天王星＞NePtUne_（海王星）.

2.Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Discussthe

picturesinpairsandmatchthem.

A.InChina,weallknowthatPanguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.

B.TheGoddessNiiwamendedtheheavenandcreatedhumanbeings.

C.Inwesternculture,Godcreatedtheworldinsixdays.

D.Nowadaysitiswidelyacceptedthatuniversebeganwitha“BigBang".

答案：①?④BCAD

FastReading

Scanthepassageandthenchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothepassage.

1.Whatbegantoappearontheearth,ssurfacewhenitcooleddown?

A.Water.B.Gases.

C.Acids.D.Carbon.

2.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthattheauthoris,

A.confidentB.sad

C.concernedD.angry

3.Whatdoestheword"they"refertointhesentences“Itexplodedloudlywithfire

androck,Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourand,??”?

A.Planets.B.Stars.

C.Gases.D.Fireandrock.

4.Whichistherightorderofthedevelopmentoflife?

A.Smallcleveranimals->shellfish->dinosaurs-→?mammals.

B.SheHfiShfdinOSaIlrSfSmancleveranimals-*mammals.

C.SheHfiSh—(Iinosaursfmammalsfsmallcleveranimals.

D.DilIOSaUrS-shellfishfmammalsfsmallcleveranimals.

5.Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotherlifeforms?

A.Becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.

B.Becausetheyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.

C.Becausetheywereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.

D.Becausetheyliveongrass.

答案：1~5ACDCA

CarefulReading

1.Readthepassageandwritedownthemainideaofit.

ThetextmainlytellsustheTrmationoftheearthandthedevel。Xmeritoflifeonit.

2.Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatime-line.

(I)JA.Insectsandamphibiansappeared.

(2)GB.Dinosaursappeared.

(3)CC.Theearthbecameasolidball.

(4)HD.Smallplantsgrewonthewater.

(5)DE.Reptilesappeared.

(6)[F.Plantsbegantogrowonland.

⑺EG?Theearthwasacloudofdust.

(8)AH.Waterappearedontheearth.

(9)EI.Shelifishandotherfishappeared.

(IO)BJ.Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.

(Il)LK.Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.

(12)KL.Mammalsappeared.

3.Readthepassageandmatcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.

Paragraph1A.Howhumansappearedandwhateffectstheyhavecausedto

theearth.

Paragraph2B.Waterisveryimportantforlifeontheearth.

Paragraph3C.Howtheearthformed.

Paragraph4D.Howtheplantsandanimalsontheearthdeveloped.

Paragraph5E.Itiswidelyacceptedthattheuniversebeganwitha"Big

Bang”.

答案：Paragraph1~5ECBDA

Summary

Readthepassagecarefullyandfillintheblanks.

Attheverybeginning,theearthwasjustacloudof!.energetic(energy)dust.Thenthe

dustbinedintoaballmovingaroundthesun.Afterthat,itexplodedIoudiywithfireand

rock,!.producing(produce)watervapour,carbon,nitrogenandothergases,3.whichinthe

endmadetheearth,Satmosphere.Thentheearthcooleddown,andwater,oneoftheearth,s

specialqualities,appearedandstayedontheearth,whichmade4.itpossibleforlifetobegin

5Λo,develop(develop).Somesmallplantsgrowinginthewaterappearedontheearth,s

surface,6.followed(follow)bylandanimals,7.including(include)insects,amphibians,

reptilesandthemostimportantanimals8.called(call)dinosaurs.Finallydinosaurs

disappearedallofasuddenandsomesmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedand

spreadall9.overtheearth.Inplaceofdinosaurstheybecame10.themostimportantanimals

ontheplanet—thatis,humanbeings.

Discussion

1.Whatproblemshavebeencausedbyhumanstotheearth?

Thgfarth-Ig--Deilng-Warmeja∏gvarmer.

2.AsaStudent9whatlittlethingscanwedofortheearth?

(I)Weshouldmakefulluseofsolarenergy,planttrees,recyclerubbish,savewa

tejands(λon.

(2)0IIIyifwecarewilLwehem；OnIYj[f、vehelpshaILaiLbesaved!

Section」WarmingUp&Reading-LanguagePoints

(一)詞義匹配

1.atmosphereA.agroupofrelatedpartswhichworktogetherformingawhole

2.systemB.themixedgasesthatsurroundstheearth

3.fundamentalC.forthatreason;forthisreason

4.theoryD.increase,addtothenumberof

5.thusE.veryimportantornecessary

6.multiplyF.ideathattriestoexplainsomething

答案：1?6BAEFCD

(二)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

7.AbigVioIent(violence)earthquakeoccurredlastweek.

8.Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimewillbeharmful(harm)toone,sskin.

9.UnIike(like)hisbrother,heistalkative(健談的)andhasasenseofhumour.

10.Thepuzzling(puzzle)problemmadestudentspresentPlIZZIed(puzzle).

1.ViolelItM∕?猛烈的；劇烈的；強暴的

★背誦佳句培育語感

（教材原句）Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewould

lastornot.

地球（開頭）變得劇烈動亂，不知道這個固體外形是否會連續(xù)存在下去。

（鮮活例句）Aviolentstormhitthecitylastnight,whichcausedalotofdamage.

昨天夜里，暴風(fēng)驟雨攻擊了這座城市，造成了重大損失。

（鮮活例句）Thegrowthofviolentcrimeisaveryrealproblem.

暴力犯罪的增加是個特別現(xiàn)實的問題。

★歸納拓展全析考點

（I）VioIentlyadv.猛烈地；兇狠地

（2）violencen.暴力；暴行；激情

withviolence猛烈地；強有力地

You,dbetternotshutthewindowviolently/withviolence.

你最好不要猛關(guān)窗戶。

［語境串記］

Larrywasinviolentpain.Asaresult,hebehavedviolentlyandtreatedeverythingwith

violence.

拉里處于極度苦痛之中，因此他表現(xiàn)得很粗暴，一切都以暴力對待。

2.exist歷.存在;生存

★背誦佳句培育語感

（教材原句）Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.

它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。

（鮮活例句）Howdoweseeifthereexistsablackholeinthespace?

我們究竟如何看太空中是否存在黑洞呢？

★歸納拓展全析考點

(l)existin存在于

existon靠……生存

Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……

(2)existencen.存在；生存

eintoexistence開頭存在；成立

inexistence現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的

①DOyoubelieveintheexistenceofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinsomepeople*s

imagination.

你信任鬼魂的存在嗎？或許他們只存在于一些人的想象里。

（2）Hefindsithardtoexistonthemoneyhe,searning.

他發(fā)覺靠他掙的那點錢無法維持生活。

（3）NooneknowswhenthecustomCameJntoexistence.

沒有人知道這個風(fēng)俗是何時開頭存在的。

3.InIHke”即.不同；不像.不同的；不像的

★背誦佳句培育語感

（教材原句）WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,it

haddisappearedlater

在火星等其他行星上也消失了水，但不像在地球上一樣，這些水后來消逝了。

（鮮活例句）Theyaresounlikethatnobodywouldbelievetheyweresisters.

她們毫無相像之處，誰也不信任她們是姐妹。

★歸納拓展全析考點

(l)It,sunlikesb.todo...做……不像某人平常的樣子

(2)unlikelyadj.不大可能發(fā)生的；未必會發(fā)生的

(3)likelyadj.可能的

belikelytodosth.可能做某事

Γt,slikelythat...有可能……

①It'sveryunlikehimtobesoiate.

遲到這么久可實在不像他平常的作風(fēng)。

②He'slikelyto.arriveabitlate.

他可能會晚到一會兒。

③It's.JikeW.thathewillnotattendthemeeting.

有可能他不參與會議。

4.harmful"d∕.有害的

★背誦佳句培育語感

（教材原句）Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowed

theearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.

很多科學(xué)家信任，由于地球上長期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)

溶解在海洋里。

（鮮活例句）It'sharmfultoyoureyestoreadbooksinthebus.

在公共汽車上看書對你的眼睛有害。

（鮮活例句）Accordingtotheresearch,toomuchsunisharmfultotheskin.

依據(jù)調(diào)查爭論，曬太多太陽對皮膚有害。

★歸納拓展全析考點

(l)beharmfulto對...有害

(2)harmvt.&n.損害；損害

doharmto(=do...harm)對……有害

Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒有害處。

(3)harmlessadj.無害的

①Themedicineisharmfultochildrenbutdoesnoharmtoadults.

這種藥對兒童有害，卻對成年人沒有什么害處。

②ThiScasewilldoseriousharmtomylife.

這起案件將嚴(yán)峻損害我的生活。

5.puzzlen.難題；謎vf.&vi.（使）迷惑；（使）犯難

★背誦佳句培育語感

（教材原句）Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfound

hardtosolve.

地球上的生命是如何起源的是科學(xué)家們最難以解答的問題之一。

（鮮活例句）Formanyyearsthesequestionspuzzledgeologists.

多年來這些問題令地質(zhì)學(xué)家迷惑不解。

★歸納拓展全析考點

(l)beinapuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好

puzzleabout/over冥思苦想；苦苦思考

(2)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的

(3)puzzledadj.感到迷惑的

bepuzzledabout對...迷惑不解

Ihavebeenpuzzledaboutthisquestionforweeks.

我對這個問題已迷惑不解了好幾個星期。

［語境串記］

Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmath

problem.

她困惑的表情示意了她正在思考那個令人困惑的數(shù)學(xué)問題。

I.單句語法填空

l.ShelistenedwithaPUZZIed(puzzle)expressiononherface.

2.Playingputergamestoomuchisharmfultothechildren,shealth.

3?Inmyopinion,DreVCntioII(prevent)ismoreimportantthantreatment.

4.SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullofVioIenCe(violent)andsex.

5.Thereexistedacloserelationshipbetweenfamiliesandtheirmilkmen.

6.Chinaisacountryoffreedomofreligious(religion)belief.

π.完成句子

1?過量飲酒對你的身體有害。

Itisharmfu］」o/doesharn|」oyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.

2.包辦婚姻在中國一些地方依舊存在。

ThecustomofarrangedmarriagesstillexistsjnsomepartsofChina.

3.警察仍正在苦思這起事故是怎么發(fā)生的。

Thepoliceare_sti［puzzli咚about/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.

4.她最近的小說和她以前的作品截然不同。

HerlatestnovelisquiteIlIIlikC-Jιe-arIedorks.

5盤磐…

1.solarSyStem太陽系

2.awidelyacceptedtheory一個廣泛接受的學(xué)說

3.intime準(zhǔn)時；最終

4.cooldown冷卻下來；變涼

5.befundamentalto對……（來說）是根本的

6.aChainreaction連鎖反響

7.?a?eggs下蛋

8.givebirthto產(chǎn)生；分娩

9.inone,sturn輪到某人；接著

10.PreVeiIt...from阻擋；制止

1.intime準(zhǔn)時；最終；遲早

★背誦佳句培育語感

（教材原句）Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandother

gases,whichweretomaketheearth,satmosphere.

它們最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他氣體，這些后來形成了地球的大氣層。

（鮮活例句）Hebrakedhiscarjustintimeonlytoavoidanaccident.

他準(zhǔn)時剎車，防止了一次事故。

（鮮活例句）Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon,tgiveup.

只要不放棄，你總有一天會勝利。

★歸納拓展全析考點

intimeforsth.趕上某事

innotime馬上；立刻

atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度

attimes有時；間或

fromtimetotime有時；間或

atnotime從不；決不

atatime每次；一次

①DOonethingatatimeanddoitwell.

一次只做一件事情，并且要做好。

②Atnotimesh。UldLWegiveintodifficulties.

我們在任何時候都不能向困難屈服。

［點津］atnotime用在句首時，句子要局部倒裝。innotime相當(dāng)于atonce或

immediately,用于句首不倒裝。

2.inone'sturn輪到某人；接著

★背誦佳句培育語感

（教材原句）Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.

于是，他們接著成為了這個行星上最重要的動物。

（鮮活例句）They,intheirturn,madesomeadvicefortheplan.

他們接著為這項方案提了一些建議。

（鮮活例句）Whenitisinmyturn,Iamtooexcitedtospeak.

當(dāng)輪到我時，我沖動得都說不出話來了。

★歸納拓展全析考點

inturn依次；輪番；逐個；相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而

byturns輪番；依次

taketurnsdoing/todo...輪番做

It,sone,sturntodosth.輪到某人干某事。

①AHtheoriesarefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.

全部的理論都來源于實踐，并反過來為實踐效勞。

②Thegirlscalledouttheirnamesinturn.

那些女孩兒逐一報出自己的名字。

③Theytook」UnlStocareabouttheirparents.

他們輪番照看他們的父母。

④Itismyturnto∕leantheclassroomthisweek.

這周輪到我清掃教室了。

3.prevent...fromffi,?;制止

★背誦佳句培育語感

（教材原句）Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,which

preventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.

他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱量不能釋放到太空中去。

（鮮活例句）Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried,butnothingcanpreventhim（from）

dyingoflungcancer.

任何可能的方法都嘗試了，但也沒能阻擋肺癌奪走他的生命。

（鮮活例句）Noonecanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.

誰也不能阻擋這個方案的實施。

★歸納拓展全析考點

PreVent+賓語+(from)doing

Stop+賓語+(from)doing.阻擋……做

keep+賓語+fromdoing

protect...from(against)???愛護(hù)???…不受……侵襲（from后接能帶來損害或損害之物）

①Theywerestopped/preventedfromenteringtheburningbuilding.

他們被攔在了燃燒著的大樓外面。

［點津］表示“阻擋……做"的三個短語用于被動語態(tài)中時，from都不能省略。

(2)Heputonhissunglassest"D∏>tecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.

他戴上太陽鏡愛護(hù)眼睛不受強光的損害。

庖用甘際心

I.單句語法填空

1.Theheavysnowpreventedusfrom-oini(go)outforsports.

2.Luckilyforhim,hewasjustintimeforthebus.

3.HeaskedeachofusinturntodescribehowtheInternethadaffectedourlives.

4.MissGaogavebirthtoafinehealthyboylastnight.

∏?完成句子

1?Ifyougiveupthischance,you,11regretitin」ime(遲早).

2.Layillg(下蛋)istheantqueen,sfull-timejob.

3?Theirsonwaspreventedfrwm2oiiigtocoHewe(被阻擋上高校)becauseoftheirlow

ine.

4.Inbusiness,successnotonlydependsin(依靠)whatyousaybutalsohowyousayit.

5.Then,inJheij'UrII(輪到他們)，theyraisedaquestionwhichcausedaheated

discussion.

L［句型展現(xiàn)］WhatM_was」Q_j)eewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billion

yearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.

隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道，直到45?38億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才漸漸地形成了一個固

體的球狀物。

［典例背誦］

Whatimpressesmemostisthatheseemsapleasantman.

給我印象最深的是他好像很和氣可親。

2.［句型展現(xiàn)］Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshape

wouldlastornot.

地球(開頭)變得劇烈動亂，不知道這個固體外形是否會連續(xù)存在下去。

［典例背誦］

Theplaywassointerestingthat?wenttoseeitseveraltimes.

這個話劇特別好玩，因此我去看過好幾次。

3.［句型展現(xiàn)］Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlife

todeveloD?

這就產(chǎn)生了一個連鎖反響，使生命的開展成為可能。

［典例背誦］

Hemakesitahabittogetupatsixeveryday.

他每天早晨6點起床，這已成為一種習(xí)慣。

4.［句型展現(xiàn)］Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewill

dependon_Vrhethe口his_problem_can_be_solved.

所以，在將來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上連續(xù)將取決于這個問題能否得到解決。

［典例背誦］

Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.

我們正在談?wù)撌欠褡屚瑢W(xué)參加我們的俱樂部。

空劭/行

1.WhatMwastobecwasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhen

thedustsettledintoasolidglobe.

隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道，直到45?38億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才漸漸地形成了一個固

體的球狀物。

(1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析

What引導(dǎo)主語從句

主干句Whatitwastobecomewasuncertain

tunti"∣導(dǎo)時間狀語

UntiIbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago

when引導(dǎo)定語從句t

Iwhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.

①Whatsurprisedeverybodywasthathedidn,tetothemeeting.

使大家驚異的是他竟沒有參與會議。

②WhatIsuggestisthatyoushouldapologizetohim.

我建議你去向他抱歉。

(2)主語從句可用形式主語it代替

③Itiswonderfulthatallofyouhavepassedthedifficultexam.

真是太棒了，你們都通過了那次很難的考試。

④Itdoesn,tmatterwhetherhewilletoattendthemeetingornot.

他來不來參與會議無足輕重。

［點津］

Dit作形式主語，謂語局部表示建議、要求、命令時，從句謂語常用“should+動詞原

形"，ShOUld可省略。

2)What引導(dǎo)主語從句意為“所...的(東西)"，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分；that引導(dǎo)時不

充當(dāng)句子成分，通常不行省略。

⑤ItiSadvisablethatshe(should)takeacoupleofdaystorest.

她休息一兩天是明智的選擇。

⑥Thathewillrefusetheofferisunlikely.

他不行能拒絕這個報價。

2.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldepend

onVhether」hi§problemcanDcs()lved.

所以，在將來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上連續(xù)將取決于這個問題能否得到解決。

(1)該句是一個主從復(fù)合句，第一個whether引導(dǎo)的從句為主語從句；其次個whether

引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞on的賓語。

①Shewasuncertainaboutwhethersheshouldaccepthisoffer

她拿不準(zhǔn)是否應(yīng)當(dāng)接受他的好意。

?Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.

一切要看你跟我們意見是否全都。

(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時用Whether或if的區(qū)分：

whether可以直接和ornot連用，if不行以；

引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句，用Whether不用if；

引導(dǎo)表語從句、同位語從句，用Whether不用if；

動詞不定式之前用whether不用if；

動詞discuss,leave,PUt及介詞之后的賓語從句，用Whether不用if。

(3)Itisuncertainwhether/ifhe,11succeedinpassingthedrivingtest(ornot).

他是否能勝利地通過駕駛考試還不確定。

④Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.

問題是電影是否值得看。

虺^時體驗

I.單句語法填空

1.Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.

2.Wemakeitaruletotakeawalkeverymorning.

3.ThetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersΩnditdifficulttotellonefromtheother.

4.It,snotclearWhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughmunicationor

not.

∏?完成句子

1.這是一塊很重的石頭，他挪不動。

Itwasthathecouldn,tmoveit.

2.很明顯他們沒有和平的誠意。

ItwasgleaJthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.

3.我擔(dān)憂我是否損害了她的感情。

IworryaboutWhetheJLhaVehurtherfeelings.

4.他告知我們的事很重要。

WhaLheOIa弊isofgreatimportance.

5.他的努力工作使他勝利成為可能。

HishardworkmadcHpossibleforhimtosucceed.

I.單句語法填空

1.MoreViOlent(violence)scenesintheΠImwerecutwhenitwasshownontelevision.

2.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatsmokingisharmful(harm)toourhealth.

3.Marywasreadingapoemwithapuzzledexpressiononherface.Itsdeepermeaning

remainedaPlIZZleforher.(puzzle)

4.ThedogIyinWonthefloorbelongstohim.HeIiedtomeyesterdaythatithadbeen

IosL(Iie)

5.UiIlike(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhoetoworkbycaηIusuallyetoworkby

bus.

6.Thismadeithardtocontrolmyself.

7.Ican,texistonthemoneyhegaveme.

8.You,11succeedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.

π.完成句子

1?有些工廠排放的氣體對環(huán)境有害。

Thegasesfromsomefactoriesareharmfult。theenvironment.

2.要不是他們關(guān)心，我們就不能準(zhǔn)時完成這個工程。

Butfortheirhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedtheprogramintime.

3.大雨使我們不能踢足球了。

TheheavyrainDreVCnted/stuppedus(from)playingfootball.

4.我發(fā)覺學(xué)好英語很難。

?finditverydifficultto」earnEnglishwell.

5.我們得不到的東西好像比我們已經(jīng)擁有的東西好。

Whatwgcvn'twetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.

ΠL閱讀理解

A

EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedthe

observationsofets（彗星）whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularetwas

averydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldother

scientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.

However,HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton,whowasabrilliant

mathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnot

findthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofaethadtheshapeof

anellipse（橢圓）.

NowHaIIeysettowork?Hefiguredout（解決；計算出）theorbitsofsomeoftheetsthat

hadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Theetsthathadappearedin

theyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to

76yearsapart.

ThisseemedverystrangetoHaliey.Thedifferentetsfollowedthesameorbit.Themore

Halleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentets,as

peoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesameetthreetimes.Theethadgone

awayandhadebackagain.

Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeaprediction（預(yù)言）of

whatetwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthisetwouldappearintheyear

1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley,spredictioncouldbetested.In1758theet

appearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehasdiedsomeyearsbefore.Eversincethen

thatethasbeencalledHalley,set,inhishonor.

語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了聞名科學(xué)家哈雷及他的發(fā)覺。

1.Halleymadehisdiscovery.

A.bydoingexperiments

B.bymeansofhisowncarefulobservation

C.byusingtheworkofotherscientists

D.bychance

解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段得知。

2.Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear?

A.1704B.1705

C.1706D.1707

解析：選B計算題。文中的“Hedecidedthatthisetwouldappearintheyear

1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested."這句話告知我們：

他預(yù)言彗星消失的時間是1758年，而這個預(yù)言還要經(jīng)過53年才能驗證，由此可以推斷出

哈雷做出這個預(yù)言的時間是1705年。

3.Thispassageingeneralisabout.

A.Halleyandotherscientists

B.theorbitofaet

C.NewtonandHalley

D.Halleyandhisdiscovery

解析：選D主旨大意題。綜觀全文，不難看出，文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的發(fā)覺。

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.EdmundHaIleywasanAmericanscientist.

B.Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.

C.Newtonwasafamousmathematician.

D.Theorbitofaethadtheshapeofanaround.

解析：選C綜合推斷題。從文章首句可以看出A項錯誤；從其次題的分析中可知B

項也錯誤；牛頓告知哈雷彗星的軌道是橢圓形的，可排解D。

RedDwarf

RedDwarfstars（紅矮星）canrangeinsizefromahundredtimessmallerthanthesun,

toonlyacoupleoftimesSmallenBecauseoftheirsmallsizethesestarsburntheirfuelvery

slowly,whichallowsthemtoliveaverj,longtime.Somereddwarfstarswilllivetrillionsof

yearsbeforetheyrunoutoffuel.

Thenwhyarereddwarfstarsred?BecausereddwarfstarsonlyburnaIittiebitoffuel

atatime,theyarenotveryhotparedtootherstars.Thinkof,af,ire.Thecoolestpartofthe

fireatthetopoftheflameglowsred,thehotterpartinthemiddleglowsyellow,andthe

hottestpartnearthefuelglowsblue.Starsworkthesameway.Theirtemperaturesdetermine

whatcolortheywillbe.ThusWecandeterminehowhotastarisjustbylookingatitscolor.

LiketheSun,thesemedium-sizedstarsareyellowbecausetheyhaveamedium

temperature.Theirhighertemperaturecausesthemtoburntheirfuelfaster.Thlsmeansthey

willnotliveaslong,onlyabout10billionyearsorso.Neartheendoftheirlives,these

medium-sizedstarsswellupbeingverylarge.WhenthishappenstotheSunitwillgrowto

engulf（淹沒）eventheEarth.Finallytheyshrinkagain>leavingbehindmostoftheirgas.This

gasformsabeautifulcloudaroundthestarcalledaPianetaryNebula（行星狀星云）.

WhenwilltheSunexpandintoagiant,andthenshrinkleavingbehindaplanetary

nebula?

Don,tworry.Thesuniso