淺析《魯濱遜漂流記》中人物性格對(duì)命運(yùn)的決定性作用及淺析《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》中馬克吐溫的幽默

I淺析《魯濱遜漂流記》中人物性格對(duì)命運(yùn)的決定性作用摘要論文介紹了魯濱遜的命運(yùn)帶給我們的啟示。它描述了魯濱遜不顧父母的勸阻而毅然選擇離家出海。盡管他的父母給他留下了一筆可觀的財(cái)產(chǎn)，但他想要的卻是自由，是他自己創(chuàng)造的生活。當(dāng)他成功的離家出海后，遇到了他之前所想象不到的災(zāi)難,但他還是決定繼續(xù)航海，這就導(dǎo)致了他后來(lái)漂流到一個(gè)孤島上。幸運(yùn)的是他最后逃離了那個(gè)可怕的地方，并開始了他新的生活。主人公魯濱遜被塑造成了一個(gè)典型的新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)形象。他積極進(jìn)取，勇于冒險(xiǎn)，追求自由、個(gè)性解放，極力探索未知世界。魯濱遜遇難逃到荒島和他為在荒島存活而做的種種努力和嘗試無(wú)不反映了人物性格對(duì)命運(yùn)的決定性作用。從魯濱遜的選擇及他的命運(yùn)中可看出他是一個(gè)性格頑固同時(shí)也很堅(jiān)定的人。這篇論文意在討論和贊揚(yáng)魯濱遜按照自己的想法選擇生活的性格，同時(shí)還告訴我們要堅(jiān)持自己的決定并為自己的選擇負(fù)責(zé)。第一部分介紹了作者和他的作品，第二部分是國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，第三部分寫的關(guān)于魯濱遜的性格、選擇以及最后的命運(yùn)，第四部分是說(shuō)的他成功地原因，第五部分就是結(jié)論部分。關(guān)鍵詞：魯濱遜；選擇；命運(yùn)；性格TheDecisiveEffectofCharacters’PersonalityonTheirFateinRobinsonCrusoeABSTACTThepaperintroducesthefateofRobinsoninspirationtous.ItdescribestheRobinsonRegardlessoftheirparentsdiscouragedandresolutelyawayfromthesea.Despitehisparentsgavehimasubstantialamountofproperty,buthewantsfreedomandthelifeofhecreates.Afterhissuccessawaytosea,hemethimpreviouslyunimaginabledisaster,buthestilldecidedtocontinuesailing,whichledtohislaterdriftedtoanisland.Fortunately,hefinallyescapedfromthatterribleplace,andbeganhisnewlife.Robinsonbecametheheroisportrayedatypicalemergingbourgeoisieimage.Hisaggressive,adventurous,pursuefreedom,individualityliberation,tryingtoexploretheunknownworld.Robinsonstruckbydisasterandhefledtotheislandandhemadealleffortsandattemptsoftheislandsurvivedtoreflectadecisiveroleinthefateofthecharacter.FromthechoiceofRobinsonandhisdestiny,wecanseethatheisastubborncharacterbutalsoveryfirmperson.ThispaperisintendedtodiscussandpraiseRobinson’scharacterofaccordingtotheirownideastochooselife,butalsotellsustoadheretotheirowndecisionsandberesponsibleforourownchoices.ThePart1,IntroductionAnIntroductionoftheAuthorandABriefIntroductionofRobinsonCrusoe .ThePart2,TheResearchStatusatHomeandAbroad;ThePart3,Robinson’sPersonality,ChoiceandFate;ThePart4ReasonsforRobinsonCrusoe’sSuccess;ThePart5,ConclusionKeyWords：Robinson;Choose;Fate;CharacterTableofContents摘要 iABSTACT iiI.Introduction 11.1AnIntroductionoftheAuthor 11.2ABriefIntroductionofRobinsonCrusoe 2II.TheResearchStatusatHomeandAbroad 4III.Robinson’sPersonality,ChoiceandFate 63.1Robinson’sPersonalityandHisChoice 63.2TheCharacteristicsofRobinsonCrusoe 9IV.ReasonsforRobinsonCrusoe’sSuccess 11V.Conclusion 15Bibliography 18Acknowledgments 20I.IntroductionCharacterdecidesfate.Humanbeingisthecenteroftheworld.Sincehumanbeingopenstheireyes,theyareconfusedbytheirfate.Whileunderthesamesocialbackground,familyenvironment,andwiththesameintelligence,somepeoplearesuccessful,butothersarefailing.Accordingtothedictionary,characteristhementalormoralqualitiesthatmakeaperson,group,nation,etcdifferentfromothers.Generallyspeaking,characteristhepsychologistfeatureintheattitudeandbehaviorwhenapersondealwithpeopleandmatters,suchasreasonable,stable,andfrank.Butcharacterisnotjustsimple,foreverykindofcharacterhasitsdifferentsides;theculturalbackgroundoftemperamentisthebasicfactorofcharacter.Fateisthepowerbelievedtocontrolalleventsinawaythatcannotberesisted;destiny.Fateisnotsomysteriousthatcannotbemastered.Whenapersonisinhisoldage,hecanknowwhattodoandhowtodealwiththem.Intheworldwhichisfulloffiercecompetition,apersonmustfirstlyknowhischaracter,andthencommandhischaracterwell,hecanbeapopularmanintheworld.Otherwise,hemayfallsbehindothers,andbediscriminated.1.1AnIntroductionoftheAuthorTheauthorofRobinsonCrusoe,DanielDefoewasborninagoodcommercialfamilyin1660,inLondon.Hewasonceabusinessman,whorantheenterpriseofunderclothes,cigarettesandwinetrade,hehadlivedthroughsomedifficulties,buthecouldsavehisenterpriseeverytimeafterhisfailure,meanwhile,heshowedushisstabledeterminationtofightagainsthisfate.Hecouldnotbedestroyed.AllofthoseexperiencespavedthewayofthoughtandtechniqueoftheaccomplishmentofhismasterpieceRobinsonCrusoe.1.2ABriefIntroductionofRobinsonCrusoeRobinsonCrusoewaswrittenundertheenlightenmentofarealstoryin18th.Theworkspraisespeople’sworkspirit.ThefictionopensupthewayofEnglishrealismfiction.RobinsonCrusoe,whowastheprotagonistofTheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe,wasapersonofstubborn,aggressiveandfirm.Becauseofhisdecisiontogoouttoseetheoutsideworldandknowit,hefinallywentouttobeasailorwithouttheconcessionofhisparents.ButhewasnotsatisfiedwithsuchpropertyanddesignedtohisdreamtobeonthewaytosellslavesinAfricawhensomebodyadvisedhimtodoso.Justbecauseofit,hewasflowedtoanisolatedislandandwasreducedtoalonelymanwithoutanycompany.Thankgoodness,thereweresomuchfood,clothesandtoolsleftintheshipwhichwaswreckedonthecoast.Hecouldstillbealiveforthosematerials.Duringtheperiod,Biblewashisspiritsupport,hebuilthouse,gotrice,tamedsheepandmadeleatherclothesbythefurofanimals.Aftertwentyeightyears,hewassavedbyanEnglishshiptoEngland.II.TheResearchStatusatHomeandAbroadInrecentyears,manydomesticscholarsfromdifferentanglestothenovel"RobinsonCrusoe"conductedresearchstudy.AsDuanShaojuninthe2010film"Literature"intheseventhperiod"RobinsonCrusoe'Enlightenment",itmainlydiscussesthenovelinamiddlecourse,theheartofThanksgivinganddialecticalviewofthethreepointsofview.Geedoncesaid:"readingagoodbook,justaswithanobleperson".Theauthorrealizedthatthegreatnessofamasterinliterature:hetoldusforthelifeoftruth,totheheartofThanksgivinginmind,correctlytreatthepainandjoyinlife,ordinarybutnotmediocregoodeveryday.In2009LiYuexinin"literarycriticism"issue08of"thecreationofhumanexistencefablefigures--Robinson".ThispaperfocusesontheanalysisofRobinsonofthisrichandcomplexcharacterDescribeshimasthecreationofhumanexistencefableimageofworkers.Robinsonlivingonadesertisland,butcourage,perseverance,hard-working,optimistic;inthewildnature,hisappearancehasbroughtthecivilizedatmospherefortheislandbeganhis28yearlongcreationroad,theroadofcivilization.XuZaizhongin"JournalofAnhuiUniversityofTechnology(SOCIALSCIENCEEDITION)"on2009July,twenty-ninthvolume04issueof"from"RobinsonCrusoe"Westerncolonizationprocess".Thispaperdescribesindetailthe"RobinsonCrusoe"reflectedinthewesterncolonists’trade,landtenure,imagedistortion,consciouscontrolandlong-termcolonialoverseascolonialprocess.YangDanin"readandwrite"magazineeighthvolume05issueof"RobinsonCrusoe'sindependentspiritandeducation",on2011May,thispaperthroughin-depthanalysisoftheimageofRobinson,revealingthetextbehindthespiritofself-reliance,andcombiningtheeducationrealityofourcountryanddiscussesthesignificanceoftheeducationwork.Letthereaderunderstandthateducationshouldnotonlyteachknowledge,methods,moreshouldteachchildrenhowtoself-reliance,braveandinnovativetrainingchildren,perseverance.III.Robinson’sPersonality,ChoiceandFate3.1Robinson’sPersonalityandHisChoiceWecan'tclearthecharacterofRobinson,becausehischaracteriscomplex.Ontheonehand,hisbourgeoispositionisweak,hewastiredofboringbusinesslife,afraidofexistenceandunpleasantwaytoenrichanddevotedhislifetothiscommoncareer.Hewantstoliveinaspecialenvironment,ontheotherhand,helikesfreedom,andtriestopursuetheirownlife,healsowouldliketopayanypricetorealizehisdreams,evenifitishard.Hisstrongpersonalityisfullyshowninhere.Hisweaknessinthecommonlifejustconvertedtothestrongpointofhislatersailinglife,whichwasasharpdifferentworldfromwhathehadlivedforabouttwentyyears.Dissatisfactionwiththestatusquot,Robinsontothepursuitoftheideal.Robinsonwasborninamiddle-classfamily,Britain,onwealthylife.Ifheisinhishometownof"islikelytohavetheopportunitytointroduce,basedonsocietyrelyonrelativesandpromisingrelyonourowneffortsanddiligence,earnedafortune,forlifecomfortableandhappydays"."bothdon'tneedpesters,difficultfordailybreadhasbeentotheslavelifeunbearable,makeexhaustionofbodyandmindisnotamoment'speace,needn'tbedesireandalsothenameofambitiontomakeafortune,bittertumbledlaborday,heartjusthappierliving,tastethesweettasteoflifeandmoreandcanrealizetheirownhappiness".Iwantto,sothatthefutureoflifeisextremelyattractivetoenvy.ButinnerRobinsonhasanirresistibleforcethathedidnotmeet,notcontentwiththecalmnoLan,ordinarymiddlelife.Hewenttotheoverseaswholeheartedlytoexperience.Theideaisnotbornasaresultofhisyouthfulimpulse,butthearmsofadreamsincehewasachild.So,inordertoachieveit,regardlessofthefather'sadviceandRobinsonmotherpleadedwith,doesnotconsidertheconsequencesof,ranawayfromhomeonashiponlytoLondon.Later,heisathrivingdevelopmentofplantationinBrazil.Thiscanbesettleddown,smoothlygetrich;Buthethinkitisstill"contrarytowhatIlikelifecompletely",hencesomeoneinvited,heagaintogotoseaagain.Thuswecanseehownotsatisfied,heisnotcontentwiththestatusquoandthepursuitofidealisverypersistent.Crusoedissipatedandunruly,donotobeyfateisobvious.Heshouldnotobeythefather'swillingnesstodoamediumcanlivealifeeasystreetpeoplewouldratherownventuresfaroutoftoil.Hedoesnotbelieveapirateafterdie.Well-knownpiratesavageandcruel,sailingontheseaonceaprisoneronlyobeysmaysuffer,ordie.However,Robinsonencounterpiratescapturedinthethirdtosea,hedidnotliketheothervictims.Instead,buttryeverymeanstoescapefromthescratch.Thefinalsuccessandwentawaywiththepiratesaslave.Whenhewasinthecareerdevelopedchosetoventureouttoseaagain.Ontheotherhand,ifhehadwantedtolistentothefather,ifhesuperstitiontojumpoutofthepiratepit,ifhecontinuehiscareerinBrazil.Sohewillnotsuffersomuchunfortunatelyalsowon'tfindyourselfcanindependencefromtheworldofsurvival,sohealsowillbeoneofthousandsofsquaremortal.Isuninhibitedpersonalitylethimdiscovertheirownpotential,drovehimbeyondhimself.Robinsonwasdetermined.Heoncesaid,"mytemperisdeterminedtodoonething,youdon'tsucceedwillneverletgo","I'lldomybesttoandfor,aslongasIcanpull,Iwon'tdrown,aslongasIcanstand,Iwillnotfall"hehasnoassistanttoolisnotcomplete,lackofexperience.Sodoanythingspendsalotoflabor,foralongtime.Evendoapieceofwoodto42days.Hardworkforcomfortingreturn,hefinallybecameaMarine,havebreadtoeat,therearepottery,plantation,pasture,therearetwomore"luxury".Theseisnotalotofeffort,overcamemanydifficultiestoreceivethem.Robinsonisveryoptimistic.AlthoughRobinsonwillownsituationasgod'spunishmentforsin,butthelonelylifealsobecamepromptedhimtointrospectionandoriginalmotivepower,CrusoefoundhimeveninthedaysoftheuninhabitedislandfarmorethanheinBritainhaveagoodday.Helivesonalonelyislandateaseandpure,heevensaid"Idon'tcareaboutwhetherIhavetheopportunitytoleavethisplace,iftherereallyhaveahappy,thatshouldsayhappinessofmylifehereverymuch."Thelonelyisland,Crusoealthoughjustoneperson,butseemstobea"representative"ofallmankind.Heisoptimisticthespiritofsurvivalhasmadehimgetridofthelimitationsofthesocialandfamilytohispersonalandhisinhomeconstructionaswellassetupforhimselfafreedomofspiritandbeliefoftheirhomes.Hisexperiencefarbeyondpersonaladventurestorieshasbecomeasymboloffreedomspiritpursuit.EveryreaderonRobinsoncanfindhisownshadow,atthesametime,healsoinspireseachreadersfacetofacewithreallifeandeffortstoachievetheirdreams.Robinsonhasstrongacquisitivenessandconquers.Asheisnotcontenttoliveinthemiddleclassandendlesspursuitofmoney.Heneedstheworld,butnotashisfriend,butonlyregardhimasaloyalservant.Andhebuyslaves,theislandbecamehiscolony.WhichsuggeststhatRobinsonhasstrongpossessivedesire,thischaractermayberelatedtotheageinwhichhewas,butthedesireisdrivinghisconstantmotivation?3.2TheCharacteristicsofRobinsonCrusoeBeforehewasreducedtoalonelyman,hehasexperiencedasimilarsituation,theonlydifferenceisthathewassaved,canleadanormallife,heoncesaid,ifheisnotsoaggressive,no,henevergothroughthisterriblelife.Whenheisfocusedonthesurvivalofecstasy,newdangerswaitingforhim.Lifeistoughonalonelyisland,wecan'timagine.Nofood,noplacetorest,tocommunicatewithpeople,inadditiontoallofthese,theworstisthefearitself,hewillbeattackedbywildanimalsatanytime,therefore,hemustbealerttoeverytime.IfRobinsonisweak,hemayhavelosthisheart,continuetoyourlife,coulddonothing.Buthedidnotdoso,theunfortunatefateofhisbaseishisenthusiasm,asaresult,hewasnotdepressed,notnegativebutpositivestrugglewithnature,allofhisactivitiesnotonlysurvive,butalsotocreate.Hemustbeontheisland,thefirstimportantproblemistosurvive,RobinsonCrusoewasborninthemiddleclassfamily,sohebelievedhisownstrengthisverybig,heonlybelievetheirownefforts,notsomeoneelse's,canhelphimrealizehisdream,tohelphimclimbupthesocialladder.Asaresult,heputalltheusefulmaterial,ontheislandhavenotfallenabout40timesmoretired.Sohefeelnotsosad,shipbywavesandhesetupatent,afence,builtahousetolive,sheepandfishfood.Inshort,hedidallhecoulddohislifeaftertheisland.Thankfully,hegetenoughfoodandmaterialtolive,becauseofhismercy,hesavedacallonFriday,hehelpedRobinsonCrusoeisverymuch,intheendtheysavedaboat,inturn,intheshipsavedthem,bringthembacktotheUK.Untilnow,wecanseethatRobinsonCrusoebecomehomeless,butatlasthereturnedtothehuman.IV.ReasonsforRobinsonCrusoe’sSuccessAmongDefoe'slife,hetouredGreatBritain,andhasalotofknowledge,andrichexperience.Inthesixtyyearsofage,accordingtosomesailors’records,especiallyScottishsailorSelkirk’sexperienceandtheirownimagination,hecreatedtheRobinsonsuchaadventurer,doerandcoloniststhatwhowasindomitableandwantedtogotoexploretheunknownworld.Hemadetheheroofthenovelthatwhosimilartohisownsomewhattobumpsintheroughsea,enslavedinthehandsofpirates,tostartworkinghardinaforeigncountry,andstrugglealoneontheisolatedisland,hefinallywithdiligenceandwisdomintwentyyearstimetocreatetheirownplaceintheworld,hehasbecomeatypicalofemergingbourgeoisie,hewasnotonlydidnotbecomesavage,butalwaysbeapartofthecivilizedworldinthespiritualandmaterial.Themostmovingplaceofthenovelisthatshapingtheimageofthehero,andtheauthoreffortstodigdeepspiritualconnotation.Thisismainlymanifestedonhowtoovercomethedifficultiesabove,thecouragetofacedifficulties,whichdidnotstopatthelevelofnegativesurvival,butactivelycreateandpossession,whatrepresentstheemergingbourgeoisietimesspiritoftheeraofhelived.Robinson’sthespiritofconfidence,self-esteem,self-reliance,neversatisfied,immoderate,thesearereflectingtheconceptsandrequirementsofthenewera.AstheBritishcriticJacksonsaid:"Ifpeoplewanttorecapturethespiritofthebourgeoisiestrongandconfidentinitsyoung,revolutionaryupturns,thebestguideisnottooDefoeandRobinsonCrusoe."Weseemtosee,thereisamanstandingonshipdeck:hegaveuptherich,easylife,tiredofmediocrelife,andchooseatimeofadventurecareer.AllsortsofunfortunatelyanddifficultiesdidnotoverwhelmRobinson,insteadtomakehimbestronger.ThedifficultiesofGodgiventoRobinson,forhim,alsohasmorechallenging.Whenheencounterbigstorminavoyage,andtheshipwaslost.Hislivingalonetoadesertisland,inordertofindsuitableaccommodation,herunsalldayontheshore,andfoundashelteratarock.Robinsonpitchedatentdownthehill,andmakeittobeaslargeaspossible,andputonafewstakestohangahammock.Thenextday,heputalltheboxesandwood,andmaterialofmadetheraft,piledupatemporaryfencetobefortifications.Butonlyaftertendays,itsuddenlyoccurscollapse.Robinsonnotonlytocollapsedowntheloosesoilshippedout,alsoinstalledaceiling,withthefollowingpillars,tokeeplandslidesdisasteragain.Robinsonisnotonlytoshippedouttheloosesoilofcollapsedown,alsoinstalledaceiling,withthefollowingpillars,toavoidlandslidesdisasteragain.Henevergiveupandhardworking,Robinsonlaidthefoundationfortheislandsoflife.Hewasconfidentandneverdiscouragedfrustrated,lethimliveonadesertislandmorestepintotherighttrack.Once,Robinsonfoundthehullofaccidentallyfellinthecorner,thatactuallygrowgreenstems,soontheregrowadozenperhead.Sincethen,Robinsonwillsowtheseedsoftherainyseasontoexperimentinordertogetmorefood.Oneoftheworsttrialisthatbarleyandriceharvestshaveonlybeenhalfabucketofit.However,afterseveraltests,Robinsonbecameafarmingexpert.Hissowingtwiceandharvestingtwicealltheyearround.Finallyheevenlearnedtomakebreadandcheese.Theideaofshipbuildingtoreturnhomeallowinghimsufferedterribly,whichspenthimafewyearsandnumerousefforts.Evenfellingtospendafewmonths.Sincetherewasnoconsiderationinadvance,theshipwastoofarfromthesea,andhecouldnotlettheshipbelaunched.Makinghimthenumberofyearsofeffortwasted.Butthesearenotdefeathim,withtheindomitableofthe"unsuccessfulneverletgo"andspiritofhardwork,hecreatedamiracle.Robinsonwasagreatman,perseveranceperson.Heoncesaid:"IwilldomybestaslongasIcandrawwater,hewouldnotbedrowned,aslongasIcanstand,Irefusedtofall??"Hedidnothaveaide,toolfailureandhewaslackofexperience.Thehardworkinexchangeforagratifyingreturn,hefinallybecomesmarine,eatbread,usepottery,thereareplantation,ranchandtwomore"luxurious"residence??whichdidnotspentalotofeffort,spentmanysweatandovercomemanydifficultiesbeforetheyreturn.Atthattime,suchalifeforRobinson,itcanberegardedasaluxury.Hedarestofightwiththehostileenvironment,hardworking,andherunsanorderlyisland.Heexerciseshimselfinthefaceofadversity,andachievesomeextraordinarycareer.Hedarestorisk,andcouragetopursuelifeoffreeandunfettered.Evenhelivesonadesertisland,butheneverdiscouraged.Inthisway,Robinsonestablisheskingdomoftheirmaterialandspiritualonadesertisland.Facedwithdifficultiesinlife,Robinson'sactions,showsthestrengthofcharacterandheroofatoughguy.Reflectingthethecreativespiritandpioneeringspiritoftherisetimeofthebourgeoisie.Now,intheWest,"Robinson"hasbecomesynonymouswiththeadventurerandherotomillionsofreaders.From"RobinsonCrusoe"lookseektheindependentpersonalityunderthe"fightfather"era."Robinson"perseveranceisalmostbeyondpeople'simagination,Hedidnothaveaide,toolfailureandhewaslackofexperience.Thereforewhatmadehimtodoanythingtospendalotoflaborandcostsforalongtime,ButRobinsonnevergaveupandalwayshasafirmdeterminationandperseverancetomakeonething.Despitehecompletesforanylittlethingwhichalwaysspendshimmanyyears,anditisextremelydifficult,buthethroughthattofoundhisinfinitewisdomandcontinuoushardwork,hecreatesnumerousmiraclesin28years.Inthe"RobinsonCrusoe"inthebeginning,thereisaperiodofwordaboutRobinson'sfatheradvisedhissonnottogoabroadtomakealivingsaidthat:"Intermsofmysocialstatus,justinbetween,namelyGeneralheardintermediateposition.fromhislongexperience,thatthisisthebestclass,thisintermediatepositionandmostmakepeoplehappy."ButRobinsonhasadifferentopinionandattitudeabouthislife,hehashisownidealsandobjectives,hedoesnotwanttobearranged,alsodoesnotwanttobedefined.Hewantstoshowhisindependentpersonality,abilityandpersonalstrengthtosurvivethroughvariousdifficultiescontest.Backtothepresentsociety,weshouldgotothinkrationallyhowtocreateanindependentcharacterofthecommunityinthe"fightfather"era.V.ConclusionCharacterdeterminesdestiny.Robinson'srelentlesspursuitandhisoptimism,perseverance,dissipatedandunrestraineddecidedhisextraordinarylife.Conversely,ifhedoesnotbraveenoughtoleavethehouse,thenhislifeiscertainlynotthatexciting.Ifheisreconciledtothesituation,nopursuit,hedoesnotknowhowtousetheirhandstomakethingsandtodefendtheirhomes.Ifheisnotstrongandoptimisticenoughandnotlookingattheplightoflife,thenperhapshewouldhavediedontheislandofdepression.From"RobinsonCrusoe"Ireadoutthecharacterandfateofthecloselylinked,Ithinkgoodcharacterdeterminesgooddestiny.Ithinkwealsoshouldtobesoasastudents,wemusthavethecouragetochallengetotheworldandnottobedefeated.Thepressureisgreaterandwearethemorestronger,thisisourgoal.Wemusttodaretostruggle,daretoact,thecouragetochallengeandthecouragetopursue,soastocreateastrongself.Wecanseethefrontalandthecontrarysidesofpeople’scharacterfromtheaboveintroduction;wecanalsoknowtheimportanceofourtemperamentinourdailylivesandthecompetition.Afrontalcharactercouldhelpusliveeasilyintheworld,whileacontraryonejustcouldincreaseourburden.RobinsonCrusoesavedhimselfbyworkinghardontheisolatedislandpositivelyanddidnotdesigntothedifficulties.Sohelivedahappylifeafterhewassaved,hewasthewinnerofhisfate;hischaracterdecidedhisfatefinally.Awisepersonshouldmasterthetheorywell,andcanbethewinneroflife,butsomestupidmencannotunderstandit,andcannotcommanditwell,suchpeopleonlycanbethevictimoftheworld.Theycannotcatchupwithothers;accordingly,theycannotbeadmittedbypeopleintheworld.Thepopularpeopleinthe21starethosewhocanmastertheircharacterandfate.Bibliography[1]FanCunzhong.HistoryofEnglishLiterature.SichuanPeople’sPress,1983.[2]OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary.OxfordUniversityPress,2001.[3]WangShouren.SelectedReadinginBritishLiterature.HigherEducationPress,2001.[4]阿尼克斯特.英國(guó)文學(xué)史綱[M].北京：人民出版社，1959.[5]戴爾?卡耐基.成功的性格[M].重慶：重慶出版社，2004.[6]穆睿清，姚汝勤.外國(guó)文學(xué)參考資料[M].北京：地址出版社，1984.[8]段邵俊，魯賓遜漂流記帶來(lái)的啟迪[J].電影文學(xué)，2010（07）[9]王守仁.英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2005[10]唐建清，荒島上的英雄—魯賓遜漂流記導(dǎo)讀[J].新語(yǔ)文學(xué)習(xí)，2005（03）[11]張均,楊惠濱.性格與命運(yùn)[M].長(zhǎng)春:：時(shí)代文藝出版社,2000.[12]黎月新，創(chuàng)造人類生存寓言的人物—魯濱遜[J].文學(xué)評(píng)論，2009（08）[13]楊丹，魯賓遜漂流記的自立精神與教育[J].讀與寫雜志2011（05）[14]徐在中，從魯濱遜漂流記看西方殖民過(guò)程[J].安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版）2007-7-26（04）[15]付露，淺談魯濱遜漂流記帶來(lái)的社會(huì)思考[J].青年與社會(huì)2013（22）AcknowledgmentsIwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankmytutorZhaiPingli,whogivesmealotofvaluableacademicandconstructivesuggestionsinwritingthepaper.Herencouragementandhelpareworthwhile.Ithankherforherguidance.Moreover,thankstomydearfriendsandmylovelyroommateswhospentalotoftimetoreadmypaper.Finally,Iwanttothankthosewhospendtheirprecioustimeinreadingthisarticleprovidegratitude.淺析《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》中馬克吐溫的幽默美國(guó)幽默大師和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家馬克?吐溫被稱為是一個(gè)世界文學(xué)巨匠，他的作品涉及當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，如政治，宗教，奴隸制。在馬克吐溫的眾多著作中，《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》無(wú)疑是最令人印象深刻的。作品將幽默與諷刺相結(jié)合，通過(guò)細(xì)膩的心理描寫，極具特色的語(yǔ)言描述，向讀者展示了一幅熱愛人民，追求自由的畫面，表現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)大的藝術(shù)魅力。自古以來(lái)，已經(jīng)有很多學(xué)者對(duì)這部小說(shuō)進(jìn)行了研究。他們大多從小說(shuō)的翻譯，藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)，人物形象，語(yǔ)言特色，等等方面經(jīng)行了研究。然而在幽默題材上，大部份研究都是針對(duì)語(yǔ)言的幽默感，對(duì)幽默表現(xiàn)手法在小說(shuō)中的運(yùn)用的研究相對(duì)薄弱一些。馬克吐溫作為文學(xué)大家，幽默大師，幽默表現(xiàn)手法多樣。作者認(rèn)為可以從幽默表現(xiàn)手法入手，著重分析《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》中，馬克吐溫的幽默表現(xiàn)手法。從而能更深刻地理解馬克吐溫式的幽默。關(guān)鍵詞：馬克吐溫；哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記；幽默

ABSTRACTMarkTwain,ahumormasterandarealismwriter,wascalledagiantinworldliterature.Hiswritingstouchupalmosteveryissueofhistimesuchaspolitics,religion,andslaverysystem.AmongallofMarkTwain’sworks,onemakesmostimpressiononreadersthatisTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Withthehumorandsatiremixedinthenovel,thewritershowerapictureoflovingpeopleandseekingfreedom,bythewayofexquisitedescriptionofpsychologyanddistinguishing-featureddescriptionoflanguage.Anditdisplaysastrongartisticcharm.Sinceancienttimes,agreatnumberofscholarshavestudiedthisnovelfromtheperspectivesoftranslation,artisticfeature,rolecharacters,language,andsoon.Whileasregardstohumor,alargenumberofresearchersjustconcentratedonthelanguageandputrelativelylessattentiontothehumortechniquesofperformance.MarkTwain,asamasterinliteratureandhumor,usevarioushumortechniquesofperformanceinhisworks.Theauthorthinksitcanbestudiedontheaspectofhumortechniquesofperformance.ThispaperpresentsananalysisofMarkTwain’sdifferenthumortechniquesofperformanceemployedinTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinntounderstanddeeplyaboutMarkTwain’shumor.Keywords:MarkTwain;TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn;humorContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u6155Introduction 130877PartOneTheintroductionofTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn 2185831.1BackgroundandPlots 259581.2ClassicalCharacters 329778PartTwoMarkTwain’sHumorinTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn 6130712.1TheFirstPersonNarration 686162.2TheVernacularLanguage 741292.3TheUseofGrammaticalErrors 896932.4Satire 9208372.5Irony 1031272Conclusion 1215521Notes 1322988Bibliography 1414074Acknowledgments 15IntroductionInthelate19thamonglotsofwritersinthewesternworld,MarkTwainisadisting