專題12新課學習Unit2（語法學習寫作過關）（原卷版）

第13講新課學習必修第三冊Unit2（語法學習&寫作過關）目錄語法導航：學習語法知識寫作導航：單元寫作記憶小試牛刀：詞句精練+能力提升動詞ing形式作賓語補足語和狀語一、動詞ing形式作賓補1.動詞ing形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進行的主動性的動作，強調一個過程或一種狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語時，賓語與賓語補足語之間在邏輯上是主謂關系。Whenwereturned，wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.我們回來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在房子前面。Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.忽然我們聽見有人在輕輕地敲窗戶。2.能用動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞：(1)表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞，常見的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，lookat，listento等。Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.我覺得有人站在我后面。Theyobservedhimenteringthebank.他們看見他走進銀行。Onthebankoftheriver，wefoundhimsittingonabench，withhiseyesfixedonakiteinthesky.在河岸上，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他坐在長凳上，眼睛盯著天上的風箏。[名師提醒]在see，hear，feel，watch等感官動詞后，既可用動詞ing形式作賓語補足語，也可用省略to的不定式作賓語補足語。用動詞ing形式時，表示動作正在進行；用省略to的不定式時，表示動作經過從開始到結束的全過程。Isawaboygettingonthebus.(表示動作正在進行)我看見一個男孩在上公共汽車。Isawaboygetonthebus.(表示動作完成了)我看見一個男孩上了公共汽車。(2)表示指使意義的使役動詞，常見的有make，let，have，set，keep，get，catch，leave等。Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。(3)用于with復合結構中。Withspringingon，treesturngreen.春天到了，樹變綠了。同義句轉換①Astimepassesby，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.→With，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.②Isawthattheywereingacrossthestreet.→Isawthestreet.③Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatswereingandgoing.→Istoodonthebridgeandwatched.④Ifeltthatsomeonewaspattingmeontheshoulder.→Ifeltmeontheshoulder.⑤IheardthatMarysangasonginthenextroomlastnight.→Iheardinthenextroomlastnight.二、動詞ing形式作狀語1.動詞ing形式可以作狀語，在句中表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動詞ing形式作時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時多位于句首；作結果、伴隨狀語時常位于句末。動詞ing形式作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作是由句子主語執(zhí)行的，它們之間是主謂關系。(1)表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句。Havingmadefullpreparations，wearereadyfortheexamination.→Afterwehavemadefullpreparations，wearereadyfortheexamination.我們已經作好了充分準備，現(xiàn)在可以應考了。(2)表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。Beingill，hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.→Sincehewasill，hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天沒去上學。(3)表示結果，相當于一個并列謂語。Hisparentsdied，leavinghimanorphan.→Hisparentsdiedandlefthimanorphan.他的父母死了，留下他成了孤兒。[名師提醒]動詞ing形式和動詞不定式作結果狀語的區(qū)別：①動詞ing形式作結果狀語表示自然而然的結果，有時可加thus表強調；②動詞不定式作結果狀語表示出乎意料的結果，其前常加only表強調。Newlybuiltwoodencottageslinethestreet，turningtheoldtownintoadreamland.新建的小木屋排列在街道兩邊，使這個古鎮(zhèn)變成了夢境。Thereporterhurriedtotheairport，onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft.那個記者急匆匆趕到機場，卻被告知電影明星們已經離開了。(4)表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句。Workinghardatyourlessons，youwillsucceed.→Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons，youwillsucceed.如果你努力學習，就一定能成功。(5)表示讓步，相當于一個讓步狀語從句。Knowingallthis，theymademepayforthedamage.→Althoughtheyknewallthis，theymademepayforthedamage.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。(6)表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明，相當于一個并列結構。Helayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime.→Helayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.他躺在草地上，長時間地望著天空。(7)作評注性狀語有些動詞ing形式在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評注性狀語來修飾整個句子，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。如：generallyspeaking“一般來說”，judgingby/from...“從……判斷”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“從全盤考慮”。Judgingfromhisbehaviour，hemustbemad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。同義句轉換①Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily，.②Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，andcutthebranches.→Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，.③Ashewasill，hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.→，hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.④Johnwatchedcuriously，andthoughtthatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy.→Johnwatchedcuriously.⑤Whensheturnedaround，shesawacardrivingup.→，shesawacardrivingup.(1)動詞ing形式的時態(tài)動詞ing形式作狀語時，要注意其時間性，是用一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(havingdone)。當動詞ing形式的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生時，用一般式；當動詞ing形式的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時，用完成式。Walkinginthestreet，Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正在大街上行走時，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和謂語動詞met同時發(fā)生)Havingfinishedtheletter，hewenttopostit.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)(2)動詞ing形式的語態(tài)使用動詞ing形式的主動式還是被動式，這主要取決于動詞ing形式和句子主語之間的關系。句子的主語就是動詞ing形式的邏輯主語。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory，theywereveryhappy.被領著參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式)Havingfinishedhishomework，hewenttobed.完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式)(3)動詞ing形式的否定式動詞ing形式的否定式為：not＋動詞ing形式；not＋having動詞ed形式Notknowingthis，hedidn’te.他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Nothavingmadefullpreparations，weputoffthesportsmeeting.因為沒有做好充分的準備，我們把運動會延期了。如果作狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語不與句子主語一致，現(xiàn)在分詞就要帶上自己的邏輯主語，構成獨立主格結構。Classbeingover，thechildrenwenthome.一放學，孩子們就回家了。Allaudiencehavingtakentheirseats，theplaybegan.所有觀眾就座之后，戲劇開始了。(1)用動詞的適當形式填空①(live)thereforyears，hegotusedtothelifethere.②Winter(e)，itgetscolderandcolder.(2)同義句轉換③Afterhehadeatenhisdinner，theboyrushedout.→，theboyrushedout.④AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere，Ihadtoasktheway.→，Ihadtoasktheway.⑤Becauseshehadbeenbittenbyasnake，shewasfrightenedofit.→，shewasfrightenedofit.綜合練習一.單句語法填空1．Ican'timagineBilly(ride)amotorbike.2．Herjokesetus(laugh)．3．WhenIcameoutofthetheatre，Inoticedagroupofchildren(play)musicalinstrumentsacrossthestreet.4．Shesatatthedesk(do)herhomework.5．(e)fromJordan，hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.6．(look)around，Ifoundtherewasnoonenearby.7．Hewassoangrythathethrewthetoyontheground，(break)itintopieces.8．Thegirlwasnoticed(quarrel)withanoldmanat9o'clockyesterday.9．(judge)fromhisaccent，heisfromthesouthofChina.10．(struggle)withdepression，eatingdisordersandalcoholabuseforyears，henowunderstandshowimportantbeinghealthyis.二.短文語法填空Eachyear1.(thousand)oftouristsvisitthepolarregionsoftheArcticandAntarctica.Buttheincreasingnumberofpeople2.(travel)totheendsoftheEarthcanhave3.negativeeffectonfragileecosystems.Shouldtourists4.(allow)tovisitpolarregions?About40，000touristsvisitAntarcticaeachyear.MorethanfivemilliontraveltotheArcticandsub-Arctic.5.(transport)touriststotheregionsincreasesshipandairplanetraffic，6.(add)totheriskofpollution,oilspills,andotherenvironmentaldamage.Becausetheplaceswherewildlifeaccessible7.(be)fewinnumber,touristtrafficcanbeeconcentratedinspecificareas，8.(put)Arcticvegetationatrisk.Otherssaythataccesstotheseveryspecialpartsoftheworldshouldnotberestrictedtoonlyresearchersandscientists.Polartourismallowspeopletodevelopdeep9.(person)connectionswithpolarregions.“Those10.traveltotheArcticorAntarcticaoftenbeecheerleadersforsupportingthoseplaces.”JimSano,vicepresidentfortravelandconservationatWorldWildlifeFund,toldTFK.故事評論第一部分做事的基本信息；故事類型；故事題目故事主旨第二部分對故事進行分析；作者的寫作目的；故事細節(jié)是否清晰；故事的描述是否達成既定目標第三部分觀點表達個人觀點你喜歡故事的哪些地方；你不喜歡它的哪些地方；你是否推薦給別人常用范式推薦三段式：開頭交代故事的基本信息主體分析故事結尾表達個人觀點一、黃金模板(開篇：電影名、人物簡介)Itisaninterestingmovieabout________(主角名字)!It’salazypanda________(主角描述).(主體：影片故事)IttakesplaceinasmallvillageandPowantstobeamasterofKungFu.Atthebeginning,________.Then________.Atlast,he________.(結尾：表述讀后感)Afterseeingthismovie,Irealizedtheimportanceof____________.二、常用句式①Afterreadingit，Iunderstandthatweteenagersshouldfindandmakegooduseofouradvantages，stoppingplainingabouttheshortingsallthetime.讀了這個故事之后，我明白了我們青少年應該發(fā)現(xiàn)和利用我們的優(yōu)勢，不要總是抱怨自己的缺點。②Iwasdeeplyimpressedwiththefilm’sthemewhichisaboutprotectingtheearth.我對那部主題為保護地球的電影印象深刻。①Thefabletellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.這則寓言告訴我們，善有善報。②Asamatteroffact，thefablemirrorsthatdifferentattitudesmaybringaboutdifferentresults.事實上，這個寓言反映了不同的態(tài)度可能會帶來不同的結果。③Soweshouldstaypositiveandvaluewhatwehaveinsteadofplainingtoomuch.所以我們應該保持積極的態(tài)度，珍惜我們所擁有的，而不是抱怨太多。④Thisstoryindicatesthatthosenotblindlylisteningtoother’scriticismorpraisearemorelikelytoobtainwhattheyarepursuing.這個故事表明，那些不盲目聽別人批評或贊揚的人更有可能獲得他們所追求的東西。⑤Sowhateveryouencounter，acceptitwillinglyanduseittothefullest.所以無論你遇到什么，欣然接受并充分利用它。①WheneverIhavetheabilitytohelpothers，Ishouldalwayslendahand.每當我能幫助別人的時候，我應該總是伸出援助之手。②Asanoldsayinggoes，unionmeanspower.俗話說，團結就是力量。③Istronglyhopeyoucanhaveatryandthefilmwillneverdisappointyou!我強烈希望你看看這部電影，它絕不會讓你失望。練習假如你是李華，打算向你的外國朋友Eric推薦一部最近剛剛看過的科幻電影《流浪地球》(TheWanderingEarth)，請用英語給他寫一封郵件，內容包括：1．觀影時間和地點；2．介紹電影(主題：保護人類共同的地球家園，觀眾評價等)；3．推薦觀影。DearEric，Istronglysuggestyouhaveatryandthefilmwouldnotdisappointyou!Yours，LiHua詞句精練一.單句語法填空1.Messageswithemojisfeelmoreconversational，(encourage)betterandmorefrequentmunication.2.They’llerushingin,(say)theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.3.Whenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.4.Thedancer’sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeet(clap)for10minutesattheendoftheshow.5.Allofuswatchedthehunter(bring)downthedangerousbear.6.Whenhewokeup，hefoundhimself(lie)inhospital.7.Themissinggirlwaslastfound(have)adinnerinthatrestaurant.8.Hishairbecamegreywiththeyears(pass).9.Hehasnotroublesettlingtheproblemwithyou(help)him.10.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows，(make)airconditioningunnecessary.11.(eat)atthecafeteriabefore，Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.12.(give)suchagoodchance，howcouldsheletitslipaway?13.(consider)hisage，thechildreadsquitewell.14.Iliveinthehousewithitsdoor(face)thesouth.二.單句寫作1.，hejumpedwithjoy.聽到這個消息，他欣喜若狂。2.Ifoundabag.我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。3.，allthestudentsstoodup.看到老師進來，所有學生都站了起來。4.，hewonthefirstplaceinthisrace.其他的運動員緊隨其后，他在這次比賽中獲得第一名。5.Helate.他不許女兒晚回家。三.用動詞ing形式完成語段Ateacheroncetoldeachofherstudentstobringaclearplasticbagandalargebagofpotatoestoschool.1.(寫下……名字)thepersonthatthestudentsrefusedtoforgiveintheirlifeonapotatoandputthemintheplasticbag，theywerethentoldtocarrythesebagswiththemeverywhereforoneweek，2.(把他們放在床邊)atnight，ontheircarseats3.(在開車的時候)，andnexttotheirdesksatwork.Duringthistime，4.(帶著包到處走)，theyrealizedwhataweighttheywere，andhowtheyneededtopayattentionallthetime，soasnottoforgetthemorleavetheminembarrassingplaces.Ofcourse，thepotatoeswerebeingrotten，5.(聞起來很糟糕).能力提升一．閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for1(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave3(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene4(declare)shehadnoplans5(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI6(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,7becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall8(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas9joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's10(wonder)．”二．閱讀理解Cameronisnoordinarydog,notjustbecausehewasbornonValentine’sDay.ToMaggie,afirstgraderatBurgundyFarmCountryDaySchool,thedogwhospendsmostdaysoncampusismorelikeafriend.WhenCameronisnear,Maggiefeels“really,really,happy”.Shesaid,“Ifeelsafearoundhim.”“He’llliedownandaskmetoscratchhistummy,”sheadded,becauseCameronlikesMaggie.CameronisoneofahandfulofdogsatBurgundy,aK8privatedayschoolinAlexandria,Virginia.Dogsstartedshowinguptherewhentheheadoftheschool,JeffSindler,broughthisclumsyLabrador,Luke,tothemainofficebuildingwhereSindlerworked.AfterLukedied,SindleradoptedCameronandbroughthimtocampus,too,wherethedogMaggiedescribedas“reallycute”becameaschoolfavorite.“Theydon’tcareifyou’regoodatbasketball,oragreatreader,orpopular,”Sindlersaid.“Theyjustwanttobeloved—equalopportunity,”headded.“Cameronandtheotherdogsoncampus—arealwaysfastenedwitharopeandwiththeirowners—goalongwaytowardimprovingstudents’socialandemotionalwellbeing,”hesaid.Theyreducetensionandeaseanxietyfromstudents,andinspirethemwithhappyfeelings.“Theybringoutsomeimportantemotions,”h