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ReadingsfromEnglishNewspapersandMagazines《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》《紐約每日新聞》《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》《芝加哥論壇報(bào)》《基督教科學(xué)箴言報(bào)》《華盛頓郵報(bào)》《今日美國(guó)》《泰晤士報(bào)》
《衛(wèi)報(bào)》5.EnglishnewspapersinUSAUKChina6.Areallthenewspaperserious?7.TypesoftheNewspaper8.Newsagenciesandservices9.Sectionarrangementofthenewspaper
1.Whatisnews?Itisnotnewswhenadogbitesaman,butabsolutelynewswhenamanbitesadog.Everyjournal,fromthefirstlinetothelast,isnothingbutatissueofhorrors.Newscanbeachronicleofthecrimes,follies,andmisfortunesofmankind.1.Whatisnews?Newscanbewhatsomeone,somewhere
wantstoconceal.1.Whatisnews?1.Whatisnews?Newscanbelaughter,tears,orcheers.Newscanbestrangerthanfiction.Newscangivetimelywarningofwhatmayhappen.Newsistomorrow'shistorydoneupintoday'sneatpackage.1)Newsissfreshreportofevents,facts,oropinionsthatpeopledidnotknowbeforetheyreadyourstory.(新聞就是針對(duì)人們讀你的報(bào)道以前還不知道的事件、事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)的一種全新報(bào)道。)2)Newsisanythingtimelythatinterestsanumberofpersons,andthebestnewsisthatwhichhasthegreatestinterestofthegreatestnumber.(凡是及時(shí)的、能引起一部分人興趣的東西,便是新聞。而最好的新聞則是那種能夠激起最大多數(shù)人最大興趣的東西。)3)Newsisanyevent,ideaoropinionthatistimely,thatinterestsoraffectsalargenumberofpeopleinacommunityandthatiscapableofbeingunderstoodbythem.(新聞是指人們能及時(shí)獲悉的事件、觀點(diǎn)或見(jiàn)解,它能吸引或影響社會(huì)上的許多人,并能為他們所理解。)4)Newsisthereportingofanythingtimelywhichhasimportance,use,orinterest
toa
considerablenumberofpersonsinapublicationaudience.(新聞是對(duì)任何事物的及時(shí)報(bào)道,對(duì)于讀者群體中的許多人來(lái)說(shuō),這類報(bào)道具有重要性、實(shí)用性或趣味性。)3.Howmanywayscanwegetthenews?WecangetthenewsfromTV2)Radio3)Newspaper4)Internet4.Whatisthepurposewhenyoureadnewspaper?getinformationforenjoyment5.1.ThreemajornewspapersintheUnitedStates:
TheNewYorkTimes,whichwasfoundedinSeptember1851byHenryJarvisRaymond,thefirsteditor-in-chief.Itsoriginalnamewas“NewYorkDailyTimes”.TheaveragepaperfromMondaytoSaturdayis75-80pages,andonSundaytheaveragepageis556innumber.Americanmajornewspapers1.TheNewYorkTimes《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》,1851年創(chuàng)刊。屬蘇茲貝格(Sulzberger)家族所有。同《華盛頓郵報(bào)》和《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》一起被列為美國(guó)最有影響的三家大報(bào)。它內(nèi)容充實(shí),資料齊全,擁有一批名記者,因?yàn)橛小安┐缶?,?dāng)之無(wú)愧為美國(guó)第一大報(bào)”之說(shuō)。在評(píng)選優(yōu)秀報(bào)紙的民意測(cè)驗(yàn)中曾多次名列第一,也是獲得美國(guó)最高新聞獎(jiǎng)普里策獎(jiǎng)(thePulitzerPrize)最多的一家美國(guó)報(bào)紙,其訂戶遍及國(guó)內(nèi)外。為了招徠更多的客戶,該報(bào)于2001年發(fā)行電子版?!都~約時(shí)報(bào)》一貫標(biāo)榜客觀和公正,其口號(hào)是,“刊登一切適合刊登的新聞”。它常用較大篇幅刊登政府重要文件和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人講話,但也不時(shí)發(fā)表一些批評(píng)政府政策的報(bào)道和評(píng)論以及披露一些內(nèi)幕和機(jī)密。例如,它于1971年刊登了轟動(dòng)政界的關(guān)于越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)起因的“五角大樓文件”(thePentagonPapers)。它雖有“執(zhí)美國(guó)輿論之牛耳”之說(shuō),但由于與東部權(quán)勢(shì)集團(tuán)關(guān)系密切,所報(bào)道和評(píng)述的國(guó)際新聞基本上反映美國(guó)政府的外交政策及其動(dòng)向。該報(bào)的主要讀者是美國(guó)政界、工商界和知識(shí)界等上層人士。平日版日發(fā)行量約120萬(wàn)份,周日版發(fā)行量約200萬(wàn)份。在近年美國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)發(fā)行量的排行榜上名列第三。Americanmajornewspapers2.TheWashingtonPost《華盛頓郵報(bào)》,1877年創(chuàng)刊。注重報(bào)道國(guó)會(huì)消息,號(hào)稱“國(guó)會(huì)議員和政府官員早餐桌上少不了的一分報(bào)紙”。它曾多次揭發(fā)內(nèi)幕而幾乎具有與《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》一樣影響美國(guó)輿論力量的大報(bào),如導(dǎo)致尼克松下臺(tái)的水門(mén)事件(Watergate)和副總統(tǒng)阿格紐(SpiroAgnew)丟官的索賄案都是它揭露的。該報(bào)屬格雷厄姆(Graham)家族所有,其已故董事長(zhǎng)兼發(fā)行人凱瑟琳·格雷厄姆(KatharineGraham)是美國(guó)新聞界女強(qiáng)人。據(jù)稱,美國(guó)政要、名流以及外國(guó)使節(jié)、王公貴族都競(jìng)相與她攀交情。郵報(bào)在近年美國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)發(fā)行量的排行榜中名列第五,平日發(fā)行量約100萬(wàn)份,周日版約80萬(wàn)份。郵報(bào)還出版小開(kāi)張的全國(guó)性周末版(TheWashingtonPostNationalWeeklyEdition)。LosAngelesTimes,whichwasfoundedin1881,printedinLosAngeles.Americanmajornewspapers3.LosAnglesTimes《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》,1881年創(chuàng)刊。號(hào)稱美國(guó)最有影響的三大報(bào)之一,是西部最大的報(bào)紙。在20世紀(jì)50年代,曾因竭力支持尼克松競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)而引起美國(guó)政界人士的重視,隨后一躍而成為全國(guó)有影響的大報(bào)。自由派色彩較濃.該報(bào)發(fā)行量在近年的排行榜中名列第四。5.1.OtherNewspapersintheUSA芝加哥論壇報(bào)華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)科學(xué)家基督箴言報(bào)國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)今日美國(guó)4.USAToday《今日美國(guó)》,由甘內(nèi)特報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán)(GannetCo.,Inc)創(chuàng)辦于1983年,是美國(guó)唯一的全國(guó)性日?qǐng)?bào),因?yàn)槠渌麍?bào)紙都冠以NewYork,Washington和LosAngles的地方色彩的字眼。它利用通信衛(wèi)星在全美各地同時(shí)印刷合法性,其彩色技術(shù)的運(yùn)用使美國(guó)其他報(bào)紙紛紛效仿。該報(bào)報(bào)道相識(shí)而不浮夸,原以國(guó)內(nèi)新聞為主,較少刊載國(guó)際新聞,而且為迎合大眾化趣味而一味模仿電視。為此,它付出了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)代價(jià),現(xiàn)在已改變這一傾向。該報(bào)發(fā)行量在近幾年的排行榜上名列第二,僅次于《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》。Americanmajornewspapers5.TheWallStreetJournal《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》,創(chuàng)刊于1889年。社址在美國(guó)金融中心紐約市華爾街附近,由美國(guó)主要財(cái)政金融新聞出版企業(yè)集團(tuán)“道·瓊斯公司”(DowJones&CompanyInc.)出版,已報(bào)到經(jīng)濟(jì)方面動(dòng)態(tài)為主,是金融企業(yè)家必讀的報(bào)紙。日發(fā)行量約200萬(wàn)份,在排行榜上穩(wěn)居第一?!暗馈き偹构尽迸c香港《南華早報(bào)》(SouthChinaMorningPost)、日本《經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞》和新加坡及馬來(lái)西亞的《海峽時(shí)報(bào)》(StraitTimes)合股,于1976年在香港出版《亞洲華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》(TheAsianWallStreetJournal),行銷(xiāo)亞洲各地。Americanmajornewspapers6.TheChristianScienceMonitor《基督教科學(xué)箴言報(bào)》,1908年在美國(guó)波士頓發(fā)行的日?qǐng)?bào),由美國(guó)基督教教會(huì)創(chuàng)始人艾娣(MaryEddy)(1821-1910)任社長(zhǎng)。其主要目的在于抑制當(dāng)時(shí)黃色報(bào)刊刊登的聳人聽(tīng)聞的新聞浪潮。該報(bào)歷來(lái)對(duì)犯罪及災(zāi)禍等消息也盡量不作報(bào)道,并且一貫拒絕刊登煙酒廣告。以精心處理新聞報(bào)道,對(duì)國(guó)際問(wèn)題分析透徹和具有獨(dú)到之處而著稱。以往常入選美國(guó)十大名報(bào)。因資金不足,1989年不得不縮減版面,削減欄目,其影響力大減。我國(guó)讀者??吹降氖窃搱?bào)的國(guó)際版(WorldEdition)周報(bào)。7.InternationalHeraldTribune《國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》,1963年原由《華盛頓郵報(bào)》與《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》及原來(lái)的《紐約先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》(TheNewYorkHeraldTribute)共同在巴黎出版,行銷(xiāo)歐亞各地?,F(xiàn)在由前兩家合辦,并發(fā)行亞洲版。在海外工作的美國(guó)人是該報(bào)的主要讀者。其觀點(diǎn)較保守。
5.2.NewspapersintheUKItisthemostfamousnationalpaper,firstpublishedin1785.Thoughitisnotanorganofthepoliticalparty,itoftenreflectstheviewheldbythegovernment,andpoliticallyitismoresympatheticwiththeConservativeParty.泰晤士報(bào)5.2.NewspapersintheUK衛(wèi)報(bào)The
formeriscalled“ManchesterGuardian”.Ithasbeenthenamesince1954,andmoveditsbasetoLondon,itthusbecameanationalnewspaper.PoliticallyitisclosetotheLabourParty.Britishnewspapers
3.TheGuardian《衛(wèi)報(bào)》,創(chuàng)刊于1821年,原名《曼徹斯特衛(wèi)報(bào)》(TheManchesterGuardian)。20世紀(jì)50年代末,該報(bào)大本營(yíng)逐步遷至倫敦,報(bào)名也去掉“Manchester”這個(gè)帶有地方報(bào)紙色彩的字眼。它同《泰晤士報(bào)》、《每日電訊報(bào)》和《金融時(shí)報(bào)》構(gòu)成英國(guó)質(zhì)量類報(bào)紙的“四巨頭”。英國(guó)有“有掌權(quán)欲者讀《衛(wèi)報(bào)》”一說(shuō)。它政治上支持工黨。近年來(lái)其發(fā)行量在質(zhì)量類報(bào)紙中排名第三。Britishnewspapers
1.TheTimes《泰晤士報(bào)》,創(chuàng)刊于1785年,是英國(guó)一家歷史最悠久的報(bào)紙,也是一家西方最有影響的大報(bào)。其讀者有統(tǒng)治階級(jí)、高級(jí)知識(shí)分子和工商、金融界人士。它雖標(biāo)榜“獨(dú)立”,采取中間立場(chǎng),其實(shí)政治觀點(diǎn)相當(dāng)保守,常支持保守黨的政策和主張。英國(guó)有所謂“掌權(quán)的人讀《泰晤士報(bào)》”一說(shuō)。該報(bào)的“讀者來(lái)信”欄(LetterstotheEditor)辦得特別出色,許多知名人士在這個(gè)非正式論壇發(fā)表種種“高見(jiàn)”,對(duì)輿論有很大的影響力,被認(rèn)為代表當(dāng)權(quán)派的觀點(diǎn)?!短┪钍繄?bào)》在世界各地派有記者,以較大篇幅報(bào)道和評(píng)論國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)重大新聞。過(guò)去曾由于內(nèi)容過(guò)于嚴(yán)肅,不符合一般讀者的趣味,因而發(fā)行量大降,利潤(rùn)銳減。1978年底曾因勞資糾紛和經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題??荒曛?。1981年,英國(guó)九大報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán)之一的國(guó)際新聞社(NewsInternational)老板、美籍澳大利亞媒體大王魯伯特·默多克(RupertMurdoch)從加拿大財(cái)閥肯尼思·湯姆森(KennethThomson)手中買(mǎi)下該報(bào)。該報(bào)有幾種以周刊形式出版的俯瞰,其中《泰晤士報(bào)文學(xué)副刊》(TimesLiterarySupplement)被認(rèn)為是英國(guó)最有影響的一家文學(xué)周刊,刊載的文章和書(shū)評(píng)具有權(quán)威性?!短┪钍繄?bào)》發(fā)行量品日近30萬(wàn)份,在英國(guó)質(zhì)量類報(bào)紙中排名第五。星期日無(wú)報(bào),由《星期日泰晤士報(bào)》(TheSundayTimes)補(bǔ)缺。該報(bào)也非正式地稱為“TheLondonTimes”和“TheThunderer”。5.2.NewspapersintheUK每日電訊ItsupportstheConservativeParty.Ithasalargecirculation.ItreflectstheviewoftheRightConservatives.每日快訊4.TheDailyTelegraphy《每日電訊報(bào)》,創(chuàng)刊于1855年,原為一家“通俗類(popular)”報(bào)紙,20世紀(jì)70年代后期改為大開(kāi)張而成為“質(zhì)量類”報(bào)紙。在英國(guó)有“紀(jì)念昔日大英帝國(guó)時(shí)代者讀《每日電訊報(bào)》”一說(shuō)。該報(bào)常反映中間偏左的政治觀點(diǎn)??偛吭O(shè)在FleetStreet。5.2.NewspapersintheUK
太陽(yáng)報(bào)Ithasaeverylargecirculation.
Itisatabloid,oftendiggingupthescandalsoftheroyalfamilyandthefamous.5.3.EnglishNewspapersinChina6.Areallthenewspapersserious?No.Newspapersaregenerallydividedintotwotypes.“quality”press2)“popular”pressThequalitypapersareseriouswithlonginformativearticles.Forexample,NewYorkTimes,ChinaDailybelongtothisone.6.Areallthenewspapersserious?
7.Typesofnewspapers:NationalnewspaperProvincialnewspaperLocalnewspaperMajorNewsAgencies
美英通訊社簡(jiǎn)介
西方報(bào)紙、電臺(tái)和電視等新聞,許多都是由通訊社提供的。下面介紹的是英美四大通訊社。
1.AP(abbrev.AssociatedPress)(美國(guó))美聯(lián)社,成立于1848年,總部設(shè)在紐約市。1976年就已有1,181家美國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)和約3,462家廣播電臺(tái)和電視臺(tái)接受該社提供的新聞服務(wù),現(xiàn)在它是世界最大的通訊社。
2.UPI(abbrev.UnitedPressInternational)(美國(guó))合眾國(guó)際社,成立于1907年,它開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一些重要的新聞報(bào)道業(yè)務(wù),如它于1925年開(kāi)辦了新聞圖片等服務(wù)。在20世紀(jì)70年代末,該社就為100多個(gè)國(guó)家的4,503家客戶服務(wù)。它有250多個(gè)分社向外提供新聞。
3.Reuters(abbrev.Reuter’sNewsAgency)(英國(guó))路透社,1851年由路透(PaulJuliusReuter)創(chuàng)建,總部設(shè)在倫敦。它是一家商業(yè)性通訊社。20世紀(jì)60年代以來(lái),它播發(fā)經(jīng)其壓縮的來(lái)自諸如中國(guó)等國(guó)的新聞報(bào)道,美國(guó)也有幾十家報(bào)紙定購(gòu)該社的新聞?,F(xiàn)在其業(yè)務(wù)已遍及全球150多個(gè)國(guó)家。該社擁有91個(gè)國(guó)家14,800名職員,1,800名記者,138個(gè)分社。
4.PA(abbrev.PressAssociation)(英國(guó))報(bào)紙聯(lián)合社,它通過(guò)該社的新聞(PANews)、體育(PASport)和數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)(PADataDesign)這三家公司而成為英國(guó)的全國(guó)新聞社,為報(bào)紙、廣播電臺(tái)和電視臺(tái)提供全方位的新聞和信息服務(wù)。Newspapercontents&Sections報(bào)刊內(nèi)容與版面編排
一般而言,英美報(bào)刊常見(jiàn)的新聞報(bào)道中有以下這幾方面讀者感興趣的內(nèi)容:
1.政治與政府(politicsandgovernment)
2.災(zāi)難(disasters)
3.犯罪與訴訟(crimeandcourts)
4.商業(yè)(business)
5.罷工、示威游行及糾紛(strikes,demonstratesanddisputes)
6.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和恐怖主義活動(dòng)(warandterrorism)
7.環(huán)境(environment)
8.名人(famouspeople)
9.體育(sports)
10.娛樂(lè)(entertainments)Newspapercontents&Sections
News新聞版
Features專題報(bào)道版/特寫(xiě)
Sports體育版
Business財(cái)經(jīng)版
Editorial/OP-Ed社論版/專欄版Classifieds分類廣告版
ScienceandTechnology科技版
Life生活版
Health醫(yī)療保健版
Entertainment娛樂(lè)版Newspapercontents&Sections英美報(bào)紙的版數(shù)一般比我國(guó)的要多,尤其是《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》,平日版每份60至100多版不等,周日版增加若干副刊,可達(dá)300多至500多版。它分量雖大,與其他報(bào)紙一樣,有較固定的版面編排,以2000年9月11日星期一這一天為例,讀者欲看其編排和內(nèi)容分類,在閱讀平日這百來(lái)版的報(bào)紙前,應(yīng)先看一下該報(bào)頭版下方的一小框中標(biāo)出的“INSIDE”
(“要聞及新聞分類框”或“導(dǎo)讀框”)。
在“INSIDE”,編者通常在上面突出本日要聞三則,并表明他們?cè)诤尾亢伟?。接著是NewsSummary
(新聞提要),并說(shuō)明在A部的第二版(即該報(bào)的第二版)。再下面是將這天的內(nèi)容分為5部分(Sections):A部為國(guó)際新聞(International)及社論(Editorial)和社論對(duì)頁(yè)版(Op-Ed)。Op-Ed(OppositeEditorial)登載著專欄作家和其他署名文章,因此可稱為“時(shí)論專欄版”或“時(shí)事述評(píng)版”;B部為都市消息(Metro),C部為今日商情(BusinessToday),D部為星期一體育(SportsMonday),E部為文藝(Arts),再往下便是訃告(Obituaries)(有的報(bào)刊不用Obituaries,而用較委婉或不那么直接的Milestones或Transition等字眼)、天氣預(yù)報(bào)(Weather),分類廣告(ClassifiedAdds)和舊車(chē)買(mǎi)賣(mài)(AutoExchange)等消息。并在最后注明,欲了解最新消息(UpdatedNews),可以根據(jù)該報(bào)所提供的網(wǎng)址查閱。不論該報(bào)是東北版或全國(guó)版,其編排方式都大同小異。Newspapercontents&SectionsINSIDE
OPECtoraiseProduction
SpokesmensaidOPECplanstoincreaseproduction
by800,000barrelsaday,respondingtopressureto
drivedownhighoilprices.PAGEA10Television’sBigNight
“WillandGrace”tooksupportingactorand
supportingactressawardsastheEmmyswere
handedoutlastnight.THEARTS,PAGEE1WoodsWinsAnotherOpen
TigerWoodsmadetheCanadianOpenhisninth
victorythisyear.TheU.S.andBritishOpensalso
onhislist.SPORTSMONDAY,PAGED1Newspapercontents&Sections
NewsSummary
A2
Arts………E1-8
BusinessDay……………C1-22
Editorial,Op-Ed…………A24-25
International………………A3-12
Metro……B1-6
National…A14-23
SportsMonday………………D1-12
Obituaries……B7
Weather……B8
ClassifiedAds…C20-21
AutoExchange…D7
Updatednews:www.TheFrontPagethetopstoryorthemainstory:Thereadershouldstartwiththefirstpage:ThefrontpageoftensummarizesthemainstoriestobefoundontheinsidepagesIthasanindexortableofcontentswhichservesasaguidetothewholepaperItcarriesbigheadlines,mainstoriesandpictureswhichconstitutethemostdramaticandinterestingnewssectionofthewholepaperKeyPartsoftheFrontPage
Nameplate:“flag”報(bào)頭;報(bào)名
Ears:Cut:插圖
Cutlines:插圖說(shuō)明Headline:By-Line:(標(biāo)題下署名之行
)HowtoReadFrontPage
1.
NewspaperTerms:HowtoReadFrontPage
1.
NewspaperTerms:ears:anenclosureoflinerulesorborders;alsocalledboxorpuffboxesHowtoReadFrontPage
1.
NewspaperTerms:cut:photo,printedpictureorillustration.cutline:explanatorytext,usuallyunderapicture,alsocalledblockline.HowtoReadFrontPage
1.
NewspaperTerms:headline:thetitleofthenewsstory.byline:thewriter'sname,undertheheadlineandbeforethestory.dateline:lineatthebeginningofastory,withtheplaceandsometimesthedateoforigin.deadline:timewhencopyisdue.HowtoReadtheFrontPageLookingforthetopstoryReadingtheHeadlinetoFindTheSubjectoftheStoryScanningtheLeadtoFindWhattheStoryisAboutHowtoReadFrontPage
1.
Typesofnews:1)Politics:Japan'sHatoyamaSweepstoPowerSenateApproves$15BillionJobsBillDutchElectiontobeHeldinJuneHowtoReadFrontPage
1.
Typesofnews:1)Politics:日本大選鳩山獲勝參議院通過(guò)了15億美元工作法案荷蘭6月將舉行大選II.HowtoReadFrontPage1.Typesofnews:2)DiplomaticPakistanwillingtonegotiatewithIndiaArgentinaseeksFalklandUNtalksUKexpelstwoIraniandiplomatsII.HowtoReadFrontPage1.Typesofnews:2)Diplomatic巴基斯坦愿意與印度談判阿根廷尋求聯(lián)合國(guó)就馬島問(wèn)題舉行會(huì)談
英國(guó)驅(qū)逐兩名伊朗外交官I(mǎi)I.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
Typesofnews:3)Economics/tradeWorldbankapprovesUS$500M.loantoBrazilToyota'spresidenthasapologizedtotheUSCongressandAmericanU.S.,Japanreachaccordtoavoid“chipwar"II.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
Typesofnews:3)Economics/trade世界銀行同意貸款五億美元給巴西豐田總裁向美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)和民眾致歉
美日達(dá)成協(xié)議以避免“芯片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”II.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
Typesofnews:4)industry/agricultureDrillingforoilbeginsofftheFalklandIslandsBusinessescountingthecostGMreadytofileforbankruptcyDroughtcausesmassivecropfailureII.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
Typesofnews:4)industry/agriculture
(英國(guó))開(kāi)始在馬島近區(qū)鉆井采油企業(yè)正在計(jì)算代價(jià)通用公司將申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)保護(hù)干旱使大量農(nóng)作物欠收II.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
Typesofnews:5)militaryaffairsIranClaimsDeepPushintoIraq U.S.toConductN-Test NATOAirstrikeKillsAfghanCiviliansIraqisCelebrateasUSTroopsDepartII.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
Typesofnews:5)militaryaffairs
伊朗宣稱重?fù)粢晾?/p>
美國(guó)進(jìn)行核子試爆(nuclear)北約轟炸造成阿富汗平民喪生伊拉克人慶祝美國(guó)撤軍II.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
Typesofnews:6)crime/accidentAtleast80dieinfireatLastVegashotelHoodedgunmenkill13inMexicoHeavysnowhitsmuchofBritain2dead,2injuredinQuebecplanecrashII.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
Typesofnews:6)crime/accident拉斯維加斯旅館失火,至少八十人喪生墨西哥一戴頭罩男子持槍殺死13人大雪襲擊英國(guó)大片地區(qū)魁北克空難2人死亡,2人受傷II.HowtoReadFrontpage1.
Typesofnews:7)sportsChinaAwarded3,000mRelayTitleNewNBASeasonKicksoffAustralianEdgesChineseinWomen’sAerialsII.HowtoReadFrontpage1.
Typesofnews:7)sports中國(guó)獲3千米短道速滑接力賽冠軍
NBA新賽季開(kāi)始
澳大利亞女子空中技巧險(xiǎn)勝中國(guó)奪冠II.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
TypesofNews:8)education/cultureF.B.I.QueriesWebcamUsebySchoolsObamaPitchesEducationProposaltoGovernorsUniversitiesDividedonExtraFeeRises II.HowtoReadFrontPage1.
TypesofNews:8)education/culture聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局質(zhì)疑學(xué)校使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭
奧巴馬極力向州長(zhǎng)們提出教育議案
英國(guó)增收學(xué)費(fèi),各大學(xué)作法不同II.HowtoReadFrontPageTypesofnews:9)Science/MedicineComputersTurnFlatPhotosInto3-DBuildingsShuttleBlastsoffintoOrbitNappingCanPrimetheBrainforLearningII.HowtoReadFrontPageTypesofnews:9)Science/Medicine計(jì)算機(jī)把平面圖片變?yōu)槿S建筑
航天飛機(jī)升空進(jìn)入軌道
午休能使大腦充沛地學(xué)習(xí)II.HowtoReadFrontPageTypesNews:10)arts/entertainmentJacksondeathruledashomicideDomingotoundergogastricsurgeryAvatarhonoredwithfirstawardfromnew3DSocietyII.HowtoReadFrontPageTypesNews:10)arts/entertainment杰克遜被謀殺
多明戈將做胃部手術(shù)新3D協(xié)會(huì)首獎(jiǎng)?lì)C發(fā)給電影阿凡達(dá)Chapter2.NewspaperheadlinesⅠIntroductionAnewspaperheadlineisthemostimportantpartofanewsstoryforseveralreasons:Firstly,itusuallysummarizesthelead,andtheleadsummarizesthewholestory.Secondly,theheadlinedrawsthereader’sattentiontothestory.Therefore,theappealofastorylargelydependsupontheheadline.Thirdly,theheadlinehelpsthereaderevaluatethenews.TypesofNewspaperHeadlines1StraightHeadlines:Beijingfirmonone-ChinapolicyMultipolaritybetterthanunipolarityEuropeanleaderstopressBushonKyotopactChinaopposesJapan'sboatinvestigation2HeadlinesThatAskaQuestionThequestionheadlinesuggestingafuturepossibility:Steelpricetorise?(Itispossiblethatthesteelpriceistorise.)Newcabinettoday?Oilpricetorisethisyear?Newspaperbysatellite?Thequestionheadlinesuggestingsomedoubtaboutthetruthoraccuracyofthestory:Womanhadsixatonebirth?(Itseemssomewhatimpossiblethatawomanhadsixbabiesatonebirth.)Policeallowedjailbreak?(Itseemssomewhatimpossiblethatthepoliceallowedprisonerstoescapefromtheprison.)3HeadlinesThatContainaQuotationSometimesaquotationisusedasaheadlinewhenitsimplytellsthemaintopicofthestory,e.g.:Hu:Patience'keytoresolving'nuclearissuesPolice:Truckplungekills
85inIndia4FeatureHeadlinesThefeatureheadlinesaremarkedbylanguagethatcantouchareader’scuriosity,amazementorhumor.Theyreflectthetonesofthestoriesratherthansummarizethefactsinthem,e.g.:Lifeismountains,yaks,wineOnce-destitutevillageweavesstrawintogoldYogi’sstudentsputtownateaseWakeup,smellthecoffeeLanguageFeaturesofNewspaperHeadlinesThelanguageofnewspaperheadlinesischaracterizedbybrevity,clarityandattractiveness.CharacteristicsofHeadlinesVocabularyRhetoricalDevicesGrammarVocabularyShortWordsClippingsSpecialExpression/JargonAbbreviationandAcronymCompoundWordsloanwords1.ShortWordsUseeasily-learnedshortwordsinnewsheadlines.Hereareafewofthemostcommon:aidassistaimpurpose,objectaskquestionbanprohibit,forbidbidattempt,offerblastexplosion,strongcriticismcutreduction,shorteningcurblimit,controlendterminategapdiscrepancy,intervalgraftcorruptionnabcapturepacttreaty,agreementprobeinvestigate,investigationrapcriticize,blamerowquarrel,disagreementtryattempt,endeavortopexceedwedmarry1.ShortWordsforLongWordsassistaidagreementpactpurposeaimendeavortrycapturenabterminateendinvestigateprobestrongcriticismblastprohibit/forbidbancontrol/limitcurbexceedtopdiscrepancygapmarrywedreductioncut1PreferenceforShortWordsALexicalFeaturesEnglishlanguagenewspaperheadlinesoftenuseshortwordstoreplacelongones.Thefollowingunderlinedwordsarefrequentlyusedinnewspaperheadlines:Accordpossibletoday(agreement) Bugkillsbabies(disease)Governortoaxeaide(dismiss) Bombsclaim40(kill)Pleatobackdrugban(support)(forbiddance)Importscurb(control,restriction)Last-minuteslipbarswin(prevents)Bankratecut(reduction)Bidtoopenborder (attempt)Japan,Indiaagreetotradedealtoexpandties
Clerkbilkscityof$1m (cheats)Peacedrive(campaign)3dieinhotelblast
(explosion) Borderfeuddangertoregionalpeace(dispute)Salesboom
(increaserapidly) Attendantfoilstraindisaster(prevents)Exportsboost(increase) Clashoverbudget(argument) Actresslosesgems(jewels)Year’sbiggestfireguts178homes Suspectsheld(arrested)Newhurdletopeace(obstacle,barrier)Thailand,Malaysiainkseatreaty(sign)WorldBanklaudsChinaforreducingpoverty(praises)Gangleadernabbed
(captured)Policenetescapees(capture)Governmentnotowagerise (refusal)Ministerseeksnodforoilsavingplan(approval)UNtoOKoil-for-fooddealinIraq (agreeto) Cop incarchasedrama(policeman)US-Chinapactawin-windeal(agreementFluperil
(danger) Pleaforblood(strongrequest)Policeprobe
(investigation) Iranquakekills22(earthquake)Directorquits
(resigns) Safetycommissionrapsautocompanies(criticizes)VIPsackedforcover-up (dismissed)
USslammedbypartners(criticizedseverely)Economyisimprovingbutsnagsstillremain(difficulties)Ticketsalessoar
(increase) Tollrisesto100 (numberofpeoplekilled) Killingtriggersriot(causes)Chinavowstostepupreformandopenpolicy(promises)Actresstowedfor8thtime (marry) Bushweighssafetymeasures(considers)Domesticconsumption'keytosolvetraderows'(quarrels)XINGYI,Guizhou
-Economic"rebalancing",shiftingfromexport-drivengrowthtooneledbydomesticconsumption,offersoneofthebestwaysforChinatoeasetradefrictionwiththeUS,theWorldBankpresidenttoldChinaDailyonSunday.ChinasignstradepactwithPakistan
Coalminegasblastmaykillover20Updated:2006-11-2609:12AgasexplosionoccurredSaturdayinacoalmineinFuyuan,amountainouscountyinsouthwestChina'sYunnanProvince,withfatalitiesestimatedatmorethan20,localsourcessaid.Entertainmentbizbannedinresidential,schoolareas(Xinhua)
Updated:2006-11-2609:12China'sMinistryofCulturehasissuedanoticebanningentertainmentvenuesfromsettingupinoraroundresidentialbuildingsandschools.Someothershortwordscommonlyusedinnewspaperheadlines:end(finish),alter(change),map(workout),nix(deny,disapprove),swap(exchange),aid(assistance),Dem(Democrat),loot(moneystolen),co-op(co-operation),kick(abandon),opt(choose),spark(encourage),woo(seektowin),cool(uninterested),key(essential),eye(watch,observe),rock(shake),voice(express),mar(damage),body(committee),flop(failure),set(ready),tiff(argument),name(appoint),nuke(nuclearweapon),arms(weapons),down(decrease),pit(coalmine),Tory(theConservativeParty)aid=assist(幫助;援助)ask=inquire(詢問(wèn))assail=denounce(譴責(zé))balk=impede(阻礙)bare=exposeorreveal(暴露;揭露)begin=commence(開(kāi)始)bilk=cheat(欺騙)bolt=desertorabandon(放棄)
check=examine(檢查)clash=disagreestrongly(發(fā)生分歧;dip=declineordecrease(下降)ease=lessen(減輕;緩和)end=terminate(結(jié)束;中止)flay=criticize(批評(píng))flout=insult(侮辱)foil=preventfrom(阻止;防止)grill=investigate(調(diào)查)head;direct(率領(lǐng))lop=diminish(下降;減少)mark=celebrate(慶祝)moot=discuss(討論)mull=consider(研究;nab=arrest(逮捕)nip=defeat(擊?。﹐ust=expel(驅(qū)逐)peril=endanger(危害;危及)pledge=determine(發(fā)誓)plot=conspire(預(yù)謀;密謀策劃)plunge=plummet(價(jià)格等)暴跌poise=readyforaction(作好準(zhǔn)備)raid=attack(進(jìn)攻)rap=criticize(批評(píng))rebuke=criticize(批評(píng))rout=defeatcompletely(擊潰;打垮)slay=murder(謀殺)soar=skyrocket(急劇上升)spur=encourage(激勵(lì);鞭策)sway=influence(影響)trim=reduce(削減)vie=compete(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))vow=determine(決心;woo=seektowin(爭(zhēng)??;追求)ace=champion(得勝者)
clash=controversy(沖突,爭(zhēng)論)
crash=collision(碰撞;墜毀)
dems=democrats民主主義者;民主人士;(美國(guó))民主黨黨員
envoy=ambassador(大使)
fake=counterfeit(贗品;騙局)fete=celebration[慶祝(活動(dòng))]
feud=strongdispute(嚴(yán)重分歧)
freeze=stabilization[(物價(jià)、工資等)凍結(jié);平抑]
glut=oversupply(供過(guò)于求)
GOP=GrandOldParty[(美國(guó))共和黨]
poll=election/publicopinionpoll(投票選舉/民意測(cè)驗(yàn))
pullout=withdrawal(撤退;撤離)
rift=separation(隔離;分離)
row=quarrel(爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)議)set=ready(準(zhǔn)備)
snag=unexpecteddifficult(意外障礙;意外困難)
statement=disputethatcannotbesettled(僵持;僵局)
stance=attitude(態(tài)度)
step=progress(進(jìn)程;進(jìn)步)
strife=conflict(沖突;矛盾)
ties=diplomaticrelations[(外交)關(guān)系]
IranNukeIssue·Wentablesfour-pointproposalonboostingChina-EUco-op17TouristsDieinMexicoBusCrash
Sheik’sAlliesVowRevengeforHisKillingBAGHDAD,Sept.14—Tribalsheiksinflowingrobes,AmericanmilitarycommandersinpresseduniformsandseniormembersoftheIraqigovernmentgatheredFridayatthesprawlingdesertfarmofaprominentSunniArabtriballeaderwhowasassassinatedThursday.VocabularyShortWordsClippingsSpecialExpression/JargonAbbreviationorAcronymCompoundWordsloanwordscorp(corporation)teens(teenagers)info(information)porn(pornography)execs(executives)chute(parachute)quake(earthquake)tec(detective)script(prescription)asst(assistant)dept(department)crack(crackcocaine)final(thefinalrace)senior(aseniorcitizen)2.ClippingsWEEKLYMAGFORSTAMPLOVERSTOBELAUNCHED
[MAG=magazine(雜志)]集郵周刊即將發(fā)行2.ClippingsAussie=Australian(澳大利亞的)
biz=business(商業(yè))telly=television(電視機(jī))
bn=billion(十億)champ=champion(冠軍)
con=convict(罪犯)
expo=exposition(博覽會(huì))
grad=graduate(畢業(yè)生)homo=homosexual(同性戀)
lib=liberation(解放)
pro=professional(專業(yè)的;職業(yè)的)
rep=representative(代表)
sec=secretary(秘書(shū))2.Clippings
copter=helicopter(直升機(jī))
tech=technology(技術(shù))
vet=veteran(老兵;老手)
vic=victory(勝利)narc=narcoticsagent(緝毒探員)perm=permanentwave(燙發(fā))pub=publichouse(小酒館)nat‘l=national(全國(guó)的)
com’l=commercial(商業(yè)的;廣告)
c‘tee=committee(委員會(huì))
C’wealth=Commonwealth(英聯(lián)邦)
govt/gov’t=government(政府)2.Clippingsbusinessbizhelicoptercopterpornographyporncrackcocainecrackparachutechutedetectivetecdepartmentdeptexpositionexpoconvictconnationalnat‘lgovernmentgovt/gov’trepresentativerep2WideUseofAbbreviationsandAcronymsAbbreviationsandacronymsarefrequentlyusedinnewspaperheadlines:新聞標(biāo)題經(jīng)常運(yùn)用節(jié)縮詞。節(jié)縮詞,亦稱簡(jiǎn)縮詞,通過(guò)“截頭去尾”的方法將一些常用的名詞、形容詞等截短或縮短,其宗旨同樣是為了節(jié)省標(biāo)題字?jǐn)?shù)。如graduate(畢業(yè)生)-grad;hospital(醫(yī)院)-hosp;billion(十億)-bn;percent(百分比)-pc;cigarette(香煙)-cig:WEEKLYMAGFORSTAMPLOVERSTOBELAUNCHED集郵周刊即將發(fā)行[MAG=magazine(雜志)]NEWGROUPSBOOSTHI-TECH
RESEARCH[HI-TECH=HighTechnology(高新技術(shù))]新興集團(tuán)推動(dòng)高新技術(shù)研究Localgov’tsholdkeytoqualityplanCHANGCHUN:Countygovernmentshaveavitalroletoplayinensuringthesuccessofthegovernment'slatestfoodsafetyandproductqualitycampaign,theheadoftheGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantinesaidonThursday.Entertainmentbizbannedinresidential,schoolareasChinesesuper-realisticrobothighlightedatWIREDexpo這類節(jié)縮詞不僅在標(biāo)題中廣泛使用,以節(jié)省篇幅,而且還時(shí)常出現(xiàn)在新聞報(bào)道的行文中。有時(shí),這類詞匯很難在詞典中查到,一些常見(jiàn)諸英語(yǔ)報(bào)端的這類節(jié)縮詞:Aussie=Australian(澳大利亞的)biz=business(商業(yè))champ=champion(冠軍)con=convict(罪犯)deli=delicatessen(熟食)expo=exposition(博覽會(huì))homo=homosexual(同性戀)VocabularyShortWordsClippingsSpecialExpression/JargonAbbreviationorAcronymCompoundWordsloanwordsSpecialExpression/JargonJargoniscommonlyusedbygroupsthathaveasimilarinterest,liketradesand/orprofessions.Itcanbeusedbypeopleinvolvedinsportsorothercasualgroups.Mostpeopleassociatejargonwiththemedicalorlawprofessionsratherthaneverydayconversations.Peoplemayusejargontoleaveanimpressionofintelligenceortoconfuseaperson.SpecialExpression/JargonTerminologyMeaningTerminologyMeaningleftandright左派和右派lashout強(qiáng)烈抨擊bullmarket多頭市場(chǎng)dove鴿派bearmarket空頭市場(chǎng)hawk鷹派FAQ常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題term任期kickoff開(kāi)始MI-5,MI-6英國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)VocabularyShortWordsClippingsSpecialExpression/JargonAbbreviationorAcronymCompoundWordsloanwords1)組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名稱UNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織)
IMFInternationalMonetaryFund(國(guó)際貨幣基金組織)
ASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟;“東盟”)
4.Abbreviation/Acronym(首字母縮寫(xiě))1)組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名稱WTOWorldTradeOrganization(世界貿(mào)易組織)
OPECOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries(石油輸出國(guó)組織;“歐佩克”)
PLOPalestineLiberationOrganization(巴勒斯坦解放組織;“巴解”)
4.Abbreviation/Acronym(首字母縮寫(xiě))1)組
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