新教材譯林版英語學(xué)案語法精煉②現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)

語法精煉②現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)語態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式，用來表示句子的主語和謂語動詞所表達的動作之間的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，當(dāng)需要指出動作的發(fā)出者時，可以用by引出。如：Theflowersarebeingdestroyedbytherain.雨打花落。1.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)(1)含義現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的被動動作。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)①肯定式：主語＋am/is/arebeingdone＋其他．?Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.公園里的一些樹木正在被砍伐。②否定式：主語＋am/is/arenotbeingdone＋其他．?Itisreportedthatthewaterinthelakeisnotbeingprotectednow.據(jù)報道，這個湖里的水現(xiàn)在沒有得到保護。③一般疑問式：Am/ls/Are＋主語＋beingdone＋其他？?Arethebabiesbeinglookedafterbythisnurse？這些嬰兒正由這個護士照看嗎？④特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞＋am/is/are(＋主語)＋beingdone＋其他？?WhoisbeingtrainedfortheingEnglishspeechcontest？誰在為即將到來的英語演講比賽訓(xùn)練？(3)用法①表示說話時正在進行的被動動作。句中常有now,atthemoment等時間狀語。?Thetopicisbeingdiscussedbythematthemoment.他們此刻正在討論這個話題。?HeisnowbeingtreatedinChina.現(xiàn)在，他正在中國接受治療。②表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的被動動作(說話時不一定在進行)。?Theseanimalsarebeinghuntedatsuchahighspeedthattheywilldisappearsoon.這些動物被獵殺的速度如此之快，它們很快就會消失。③表示一種習(xí)慣的被動行為，常與always,constantly,often等詞連用，含有贊賞、羨慕、討厭等感情色彩。?Ifeelverysurprisedthatthewindowofourclassroomisoftenbeingbroken.我感到非常吃驚的是我們教室的窗戶經(jīng)常被打破。?Tomisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteacher.湯姆總是被老師表揚。④與某些情態(tài)動詞連用，表示對正在發(fā)生的動作的推測。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))Jimmaybebeinginterviewedbythereportersattheverymoment.吉姆此刻可能正在接受記者的采訪。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))—DoyouknowwhatMrSmithisdoing？你知道史密斯先生正在做什么嗎？eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))—Heisill.Hemaybebeingexaminedbythedoctor.他病了。他可能正在接受醫(yī)生的檢查。(4)注意事項①不可遺漏being。現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)表示說話時正在進行的被動動作，如果我們把being漏掉，即成為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))Look!Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.瞧！孩子們正由他們的姑媽照看著。eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))Childrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.孩子們在學(xué)校里被照顧得很好。(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))②現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)也可以表示將來?，F(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)有時可表示按計劃或安排將要進行的被動動作(此種用法僅限于少數(shù)及物動詞hold，take等)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))Apartyisbeingheldtonight.今晚將要舉行一場晚會。③現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)有時也可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“be＋介詞(under/in等)＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))Theproblemisunderdiscussion(＝isbeingdiscussed)atthemeeting.會上正在討論這個問題。eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))Thetelephoneisinuse(＝isbeingused)now.這部正在使用中。2．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)(1)含義現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示已完成的被動動作。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)①肯定式：主語＋have/hasbeendone＋其他．?ThebridgeovertheYellowRiverhasjustbeenpleted.黃河上的這座橋剛剛建成。?Theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertslastmonth.這個計劃在上個月已經(jīng)由專家研究過了。②否定式：主語＋have/hasnotbeendone＋其他．?Theyhaven'tbeentoldtheexcitingnewsyet,havethey？還沒有人告訴他們這個令人激動的消息，是嗎？?Thesecond-handcarhasnotbeensold.這輛二手汽車還沒有被賣出去。③一般疑問式：Have/Has＋主語＋beendone＋其他？?—Hasherworkbeenfinished？她的工作完成了嗎？—Yes，ithas.是的，完成了。④特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋beendone＋其他？?Howlonghasthemachinebeenused？這臺機器使用多久了？(3)用法①表示被動的動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞及時間狀語sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等連用。?Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.這個房間已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不用打掃房間了)?Thedoctorhasn'tbeensentforyet.還沒有派人去請醫(yī)生。(現(xiàn)在應(yīng)派人去請醫(yī)生)②表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常與for或since等引出的時間狀語(從句)連用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。?Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺機器已經(jīng)被修兩個小時了。(可能還會繼續(xù)被修)eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout？這項工程已經(jīng)實施多長時間了？(可能還會繼續(xù)實施)③用在時間狀語從句中，表示將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))We'llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.這份工作一完成我們就立即動身。(4)注意事項①現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)中的have/has和been不可缺失。②現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去的某個時間，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)側(cè)重于表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成了影響(或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.大火在兩小時前被撲滅了。eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))Thebigfirehasbeenputout.大火已經(jīng)被撲滅了?！倦S堂自測】——————————————Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Look!Thebaby________(take)careofbyheraunt.2．Anewbuilding________(build)outsideourschoolatpresent.3．Mywashingmachine________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.4．Hi,I'mAlice.Lookatthisphoto—asnowman________(make)byme.5．Atpresentanewhome________(build)forpandas.6．Isthebridge________(repair)now?7．Toourdelight,manyendangeredspecies________(protect)bythegovernmentnow.8．Manyinterestingexperiments________(carry)outthesedays.9．Sinceyourbike________(repair),youcanusemine.10．Daisyhasfoundthatalotofantelopes________(hunt)andkilledforthewoolbeneaththeirstomachsnow.11．Thenewgenerationofputers,withartificialintelligence,________(develop)andperfectednow.12．Hehurriedhome，neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe______(follow)．13．—Idon'tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.—Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand________(question)now.14．—Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?—Yes，Ihave.Iguessit________(grade)now.15．—What'sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine________(test)．16．Theirnewhouse________(decorate)fortwomonthsandtheywillsettleinitinthenearfuture.17．Theirnewcars________(advertise)ontheInternetforalongtime.18．Alltheathletes________(select)frommillionsofpeoplealloverthecountryinthepasttwomonths.19．Anewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschool________(set)upsofarandtheywillbeputintouseverysoon.20．Agreatmanymachines________(produce)bythefactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.21．Greatchanges________(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories________(set)upinthepasttenyears.22．Everypossiblemeans________(try)tosavethewoundedsoldieruptonow.23．Howmanysuggestions________(give)toyousofar?24．Ican'tseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard.________itall________(finish)?25．Allthepreparationsforthetask________(make),andwe'rereadytostart.26．Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms________(produce)allovertheworld.27．Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.28．Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit________(ruin)．29．Alotoffactories________(set)upsincelastyear.30．Wecan'tgoonwiththeexperimentbecausetheputer________(notrepair)．Ⅱ.完成句子1．Thesebirds________________(正在被保護)wellhere.2．Thesportsmeeting________________(正在被舉辦)inourschool.3．Howmanybuildings________________(正在被修建)inthetown?4．Thegiantmachine________________(被拆卸)atthemomentanditwillbefixedupinthenewworkshopinthenearfuture.5．Theclassroom________________(被裝飾)withballoonsandflowersrightnowandthestudentsarepreparingfortheNewYearparty.6．Theboys________________(已經(jīng)被多次告知)nottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn'tmakeanydifference.7．WearegladtobetoldthatLiTao________________(已經(jīng)被復(fù)旦大學(xué)尋取)forhistopscores.8．Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances____________________(已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn))inthepastfewyears.9．Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday________________________(沒有被確定)yet.10．Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic________________(已經(jīng)被改變了)．語法精講②現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)【隨堂自測】Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．isbeingtaken2.isbeingbuilt3.isbeingrepaired4.isbeingmade5.