初一英語(yǔ)名詞講解及練習(xí)

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日名詞之邯鄲勺丸創(chuàng)作時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日名詞分類：名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞普通名詞：暗示同一類的人或物的名稱,又可分為個(gè)別名詞,如boy,house,insect,tiger等；物質(zhì)名詞,如air,snow,bread,rice等；抽象名詞,如glory,honesty,failure,education等.專有名詞：暗示團(tuán)體、國(guó)家、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱,如ChengDu,China,Obama,ChinaCentralTelevision等.名詞的兩大考點(diǎn)：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1.普通名詞：可數(shù)名詞和不成數(shù)名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞：包含個(gè)別名詞和集體名詞△個(gè)別名詞:暗示個(gè)別的人或事物名稱的詞.如：teacher,student,boy,book,bag每個(gè)可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和單數(shù)形式.A.單數(shù)暗示“一個(gè)”的概念.用名詞的單數(shù)時(shí),名詞前需加a或an.如abook（一本書）、anapple（一個(gè)蘋果）、anorange（一個(gè)橘子）等.B.單數(shù)暗示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的物體.如twopencils（兩枝鉛筆）、threeweeks（三周）等.集合名詞：暗示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞.如：people,family,class,furniture單數(shù)形式的組成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞單數(shù)形式的組成和不規(guī)則名詞單數(shù)形式的組成.規(guī)則名詞單數(shù)形式的組成詞形單數(shù)形式的組成辦法例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-s.（在清子音后讀[s],在濁子音及元音后讀[z].）cat——catsbook---booksdog----dogsbag——bagsboy---boys以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-es,讀作[iz].glass——glassesmatch——matches以子音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞把y釀成i,加-es,讀作[iz]city——cities但專有名詞例外,直接在y后加-s,讀作[z]Canadian——CanadiansAmerican——Americans以子音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞一般直接加-es,讀作[z];tomato——tomatoespotato——potatoes某些詞例外,加-skilo--kilos,piano—pianos,photo——photos以元音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s,但讀作[z]zoo——zoosradio——radios以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞有的直接加-s,讀作[z]roof——roofs大多數(shù)要將f或fe變成v,再加-es,讀作[z]leaf——leaveswife——wivesknife—knivesyourself---yourselves不規(guī)則名詞單數(shù)形式的組成單數(shù)形式的組成特點(diǎn)例詞通過改動(dòng)詞內(nèi)元音字母man——menfoot——feettooth——teethmouse——mice（老鼠）通過在詞尾加-en或-renox——oxen（牛）child——children單單數(shù)形式相同asheep——twosheepadeer——twodeer（鹿）aChinese——twoChinese（中國(guó)人）注意事項(xiàng):只能用于單數(shù)形式的名詞有:clothes,trousers,pants,shoes,socks單數(shù)名詞用于單數(shù)含義:people,public,police特殊名詞的講解：⑴people作“人們,人民”解時(shí),只有單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作單數(shù).作“民族”解時(shí),單單數(shù)不合,單數(shù)要在詞尾加s.Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.我家有五口人.Therearefifty-sixpeoplesinourcountry.我們國(guó)家有56個(gè)民族.⑵clothes等屬于無(wú)單數(shù)形式的單數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)作單數(shù).例：Myfavoriteclothesarepants.⑶pants,shoes,glasses,shorts,scissors等名詞,由兩部分組成,常以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).要暗示單數(shù)經(jīng)常使用apairof暗示,此時(shí)如作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)要作單數(shù)看待.例：Yourpantsareblue.Thispairofpantsismine.⑷集體名詞看作整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);指成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).Hisfamilyisalargefamily.指整體Hisfamilylikeanimals.指成員⑸有的名詞單單數(shù)意思不合：例：hair和fruit通常作單數(shù),暗示總體.Myhairisblack.我的頭發(fā)是黑色的.Ilikefruit.It’sgoodforyou.我喜歡水果,水果對(duì)你的身體有好處.但如果暗示若干根頭發(fā)或各類水果,則需用單數(shù)形式.HomerSimpsonhasthreehairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā).Shelikespears,peachesandotherfruits.他喜歡梨,桃和其它水果.(2)不成數(shù)名詞：包含物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞△物質(zhì)名詞：暗示無(wú)法分為個(gè)別的名詞.如：coffee,hair,juice,water,rice△抽象名詞：暗示狀態(tài),品質(zhì),動(dòng)作,豪情等抽象概念的名詞.如：health,happiness,help個(gè)別名詞集體名詞個(gè)別名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞可數(shù)名詞不成數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞不成數(shù)名詞普通名詞專有名詞注意事項(xiàng)：1.不成數(shù)名詞沒有單數(shù)變更,不克不及與a/an或暗示具體數(shù)量的詞直接連用.這些名詞前往往加some,any,no,alittle等詞.如;somewater/applejuice/milk2.當(dāng)需要表達(dá)名詞的單位的量時(shí)候就要用：數(shù)詞+量詞+Of+名詞來(lái)表述.用量詞修飾時(shí),首先要注意量詞的單單數(shù)；然后要注意名詞是否可數(shù),不成數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù),可數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù),如：onebagofrice.onekiloofapples.tenbagsofrice.tenkilosofapples.★對(duì)量詞的提問句型對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用howmany；對(duì)不成數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用howmuch,但對(duì)不成數(shù)名詞前暗示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語(yǔ)提問時(shí)要用howmany.如：Iwouldliketwoapples.→Howmanyappleswouldyoulike?Iwantsomebread.→Howmuchbreaddoyouwant?Iwantthreeglassesofwater.→Howmanyglassesofwaterdoyouwant？詢問價(jià)格用Howmuch,如:Howmuchisthecoat?Howmucharethecoats?二.名詞的所有格所有格的組成：1.有生命的名詞2.無(wú)生命的名詞★有生命的名詞（1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加's.如：mybrother'sbook,Jack'scat,thegirl'spen（2）以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞的所有格,只需在名詞右上方加‘.如：thegirls’dormitory,ateachers'college注意：在不規(guī)則單數(shù)名詞后,要加's.如：women'sclothes.（3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩團(tuán)體共有,在后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加's,如：TomandPeter'sroom湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）（4）如果一樣?xùn)|西不是共有的,兩個(gè)名詞都要加's.如：Tom'sandPeter'srooms湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）★無(wú)生命名詞:無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格,通經(jīng)常使用“of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)暗示.如：thewindowsoftheroom（房間的窗戶）apictureofthehorse（一張馬的照片）名詞習(xí)題一．寫出下列名詞的單數(shù)形式：1.house_________2.it___________3.zoo__________4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________19.match__________20.man_________21.this__________22.German__________23.tomato_________24.policeman___________25.kilo__________26.human_________27.potato___________28.Chinese__________29.shelf__________30.Japanese__________31.leaf___________32.American__________33.life___________34.tooth__________35.wife___________36.foot___________37.knife__________38.sheep__________39.half___________40.child__________41.tooth__________42.mouth__________二．選擇填空：1.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps4.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday5.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan6.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary7.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are8.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread9.Many______aresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child10.Hebought_______.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe11.Mr.Whitehasthree_______.A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens12.---Arethese______?---No,theyaren’t.They’re_______.A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows13.Therearemany______inthefridge.A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread14.---Whoseroomisthis?---It’s_______.A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’15.Hereare______foryou,Sue.A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato16.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest______forher.A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes17.Ialwaysgotothat______tobuyfoodonSunday.A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden18.______roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s19.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme________.A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges20.10.Thecatcaughttwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices21.Imetsome______intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English22.Therearetwo______intheroom.A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves23.Thereareseven______inaweek.A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes24.Myfatherisa______.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer25.---Excuseme,areyou______?---Yes,I’mfrom________.A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,America26.Theyare______jackets.A.Lucy’sB.Lucy’27.Whatcoloris______coat.A.Peter’sB.Peter’28.Theseare______books.A.teachers’sB.teachers’29.Theyare______icecreamsA.children’B.children’s30.Thisis______bag.A.TomandPeter’B.Tom’sandPeter’s31.Whereare______.A.theschool’sstudentsB.studentsoftheschool32.Thoseare______bags.A.drivers’sB.drivers’33.Thisbagis______.A.Mary’sandTom’sB.MaryandTom’s34.______fathersarecoming.A.Mary’sandKate’sB.Mary’sandKateC.MaryandKate’s35.How____arethesebooks?A.manyB.much36.Thispairofpants______blue.Ilike_____verymuch.A.is,itB.are,themC.is,themD.are,it37.How______glassesofwaterdoyouwant?A.manyB.much38.Thisis________.A.MikeandJim'sbikeB.Mike'sandJimbikeC.Mike'sandJim'sbikeD.MikeandJimbike39.Theseare______.A.AmyandLingling’sroomB.Amy’sandLingling’sroomC.Amy’sandLingling’sroomsD.AmyandLingling’sroom40.My________bigandmy__________happy.A.familyisfamilyareB.familyisfamiliesare三．按照句意用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Ihavealotof______todo.(homework)2.Thereareseven______inaweek.(day)3.Howmany_____canyousee?(tomato)4.MissGuoiswearingapairof_______.(glass)5.Therearefive_________inthepicture.(child)6.Therearetwo________overthere．（bench）7.Iliketaking________．（photo）8.lcanseetwo__________standingthere．（woman）9.Therearetwobasketsof__________onthefloor．（apple）10.Therearethree__________．（knife）11.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?12.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.13.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.14.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.15.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.16.Let'stake________(photo),OK?17.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.18.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.19.Their________(dictionary)areverynew.20.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).21.Theyare________(woman)doctors.22.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?23.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.24.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamvery