UnitVI-跨文化交際課件-I

LanguageandCulture

Warm-up

I[Inaphysicsclass]

Professor:

Whatismatter?Students:

Nevermind.

Professor:

Thenwhatismind?Students:Itdoesn’tmatter.EnglishtoChineseTranslation

VersionI

教授：什么是物質(zhì)呀？

學生：非精神也。

教授：什么是精神呢？學生：不是物質(zhì)，就是精神。

VersionII教授：什么是物質(zhì)呀？

學生：沒什么要緊的啦!

教授：什么是精神呢？學生：沒什么關系的啦!Canyourtranslationbeashumorousastheoriginal?Changesincertainaspectsofculturesespeciallyintheareaofbehaviorandcustoms,canoccurrapidly.Changesintheunderlyingvalues,e.g.inwaysoflookingattheworld,tendtobemuchslower.

李安導演的電影<推手><飲食男女><喜宴>就說明了在文化沖擊下,人們在中西/新舊文化中的徘徊和堅守whatwecanseeaboutculturesisjustthetipoftheiceberg

II.CulturalDifferences2.1.TheoreticalBackground2.2.ColorTermsinChineseandEnglish2.3.AnimalWordsinEnglishandChineseTheoreticalBackgroundCulturalDifferencesofLanguages1.LexicalLevel2.PragmaticLevel3.DiscoursalLevel4.StylisticLevel

CulturallyLoadedWords

文化負載詞

(CulturalLoadingWords)1.是指標志某種文化中特有事物的詞組和短語.2.文化負載詞是反映一個國家、一個民族特有的文化和歷史的一些詞匯.2.2ColorTermsinChinese

andEnglishGroupWork

1.紅糖2.紅茶3.眼紅4.開門紅5.紅白喜事1.brownsugar2.black-tea3.green-eyed4.tobeginwell,tomakeagoodstart5.weddingsandfunerals

1.

清白2.白眼3.青天4.背黑鍋5.黃色書刊1.pure/clean/stainless2.superciliouslook3.bluesky4.bemadeascapegoat/beunjustlyblamed5.filthybooksbluebookablueMondayawhitelieagreenwoundred-letterdays藍皮書〔美〕刊載知名人士的書倒霉的星期一善意的謊話新傷，未痊愈的傷口喜慶的日子TranslatingtheUnderlinedPart1)He’sjustagreenrecruitfreshfromcollege2)Itriedtocallhermanytimesbutshewasinabrownstudyanddidn’thearme3)Oneday,outoftheblue,agirlrangupandsaidshewasmysister4)Thenewofficeblockhasunfortunatelybecomeanexpensivewhiteelephant5Marywasalwaysregardedastheblacksheepofthefamily6)IgotsomeblacklooksfromtheshopkeeperwhenIcancelledmyorder.7)

Itmaycostoveraweektogothroughalltheredtapetogetpermission8)Hebasedhisjudgmentonyellowjournalismyellowjournalism指不擇手段的夸張，渲染以招攬或影響讀者的黃色新聞編輯作風。如突出社會丑聞，把普通新聞寫得聳人聽聞，有時甚至歪曲事實以引起轟動等。ExerciseWorktogethertomakeatentativesummaryofthepotentialculturalimplicationsofthefollowingcolorterms.

Red

Yellow

Green

BlueBlackWhite

SharingKnowledge:

LanguageasanenvironmentColorChineseEnglishRedlucky,revolution,progressive,successfulstrength,health,vigor,sexuallove,passion,protection,courage,danger,warning,anger,fireYellow

sunshine,openness,beauty,floweringcoward,baseness,fear,effeminacy,funk,soft,spiritless,poltroonery,pusillanimity,timidity,recreant,sneak,(懦弱，膽小)Greenpeace,environment-protection,vigorousfinance,fertility,luck,growth,employment,elementofearth,goddessoriented,feminineBluewisdom,reasonabletranquility,happiness,understanding,patience,health,water,Goddessoriented,feminineBlackjustice,dirty,blackness,

acrimony(嚴厲，尖刻),horrible,Criminalblot,blotch（污漬）,blight,smut,smudge,sully,begrime,soot,becloud,obscure,dingy,murky,threatening,frowning,foreboding,forbidden,sinister,baneful,dismal,evil,wicked,,deadly,secretive,unclean,unwashed,foul,blacklist,blackbook,black-heartedWhitecleanliness,bloodless,coldness,frigidity（寒冷，冷淡）,absenceoffeeling,weaknesspurity,cleanness,bright,shining,fair,blonde,stainless,chaste,unblemished,unsullied,innocent,honorable,upright,just,straightforward,genuine,trustworthy,honestyChineseZodiacmouseoxtigersnakedragonrabbitChineseZodiachorsesheepdogpigroostermonkey越南人有十二個生肖，與中國人的生肖根本相同。只是中國有“兔”無“貓”，越南那么有“貓”無“兔”。印度人有十二個生肖，與中國人的生肖根本相同。只是中國有“虎”無“獅”，印度那么有“獅”無“虎”。埃及人有十二個生肖，分別是：牡牛、山羊、猴子、驢、蟹、蛇、犬、貓、鱷、紅鶴、獅子、鷹。希臘人有十二個生肖，與埃及人的生肖根本相同，只是希臘人有“鼠”無“貓”，埃及人那么有“貓”無“鼠”。墨西哥人有十二個生肖，有虎、兔、龍、猴、狗、豬和其它六種墨西哥特有的動物組成十二生肖。12zodiacanimalsAnimalChineseEnglishmousedisgust,timid,dirty,smartandagile

pleasantlyquiet,cunning,dishonest,selfish

oxdevotion/hardworking/strongfood/comfortandquietofacountryhome

tigerroyalty,power,courage,ferocity,strength,wrath,cruelty,treachery,authority

ferocity(兇猛)rabbitcuteanddocile（溫順的）lovely,reproductivedragonmajestyevilsnakeslithery/harmfulslithery/evilAnimalChineseEnglishhorsesuccess/devotion/hardworkingdevotion/hardworking/beauty,strength

sheepdocileandweak

foodmonkeyclever,agileandalittleimpatient

African-Americansroosterprostitutestrongandproud

doghumblelovepigstupid,lazy,dirty

dirty,eatsalot,selfishandshallow

AnimalChineseEnglishAntSolidarity（團結(jié)）hardworkingBeehardworkingbusyPhoenixqueenlyrebirth/resurrectionOwlbadluckwisdomTurtle/CranelongevitylovelyElephanthugeclumsy/uselesslongevityMagpiesymbolofgoodluckgossipAnimalChineseEnglishBeaver（海貍）

eager/anxiousimpatient/diligentSwangraceful/noblegraceful/noblePeacocksymbolofluck/beautyproud/showyAss/goosestupid

stupidBatgoodfortunehappinessugly/frighteningblood-suckingLambfoodsymbolofreligionFavoriteAnimalsChinese:Crane,cat,rabbit,ox,horse,panda,swan,peacock,goldfish,birdsEnglish:Dog,cat,horse,birds,sheepReadingIHowisLanguageRelatedtoCulture1Cultureandlanguageareintertwinedandshapeeachother,1)Ifweselectlanguagewithoutbeingawareoftheculturalimplications,wemayatbestnotcommunicatewellandatworstsendthewrongmessage2)Thewordsinthemselvesdonotcarrythemeaningwhichcomesoutofthecontext,theculturalusage2Languagereflectstheenvironmentinwhichwelive3Additionally,languagereflectsculturalvalues4Tocommunicateconceptseffectively,culturalknowledgeisasimportantaslinguisticknowledge5CommunicationacrossculturesandlanguagesisdifficultandfullofhurdlesandpitfallIII.IdentifyingDifference3.1DenotationsandConnotations3.2Kinshiptermsandmore

LexicalLevelDenotations:themeaningsthatrelateittotheobjectsorconceptsrefersto,theactualorfictionalthingsthataresymbolized.(Dictionarymeaning)Connotations:refertotheadditionalmeaningthatawordorphrasehasbeyonditscentralmeaning.(Associatedmeaning)LexicalCulturalDifference1.Wordswiththesamedenotationalandconnotationalmeaning

(Sun,Dove,Fox)2.Wordswiththesamedenotationalbutdifferentconnotationalmeanings(Owl,Cricket,Willow)3.Wordswithdifferentdenotationalandconnotationalmeanings

(Dragon,Propaganda,Intellectual)KinshipTermsConsiderthefollowingChineseterms:

叔叔伯伯舅舅姨夫姑父阿姨姑姑舅母嬸嬸小姨子大嫂小舅子小叔子妹夫婆婆公公岳母岳父表兄弟堂兄弟表姐妹堂姐妹連襟妯娌

ProblemsinInterculturalUnderstandingA.林黛玉的母親是賈寶玉的姑母，賈寶玉的母親是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛寶釵的姨母。B.ThreecousinsoftheFrenchPresidentwerealsotoreceivediamonds.

DifferentConnotationalMeaningsoftheWord“Dog”

1.watchdog監(jiān)察人／監(jiān)察團2.Loveme,lovemydog．愛屋及烏3.Everydoghashisday.人人皆有得意日4.Beasfaithfulasadog.效犬馬之勞5.Anolddogwilllearnnonewtricks.(=Youcannotteacholddogsnewtricks.)[諺]老狗學不了新把戲;老年人很難適應新事物。6.He’stopdogintheoffice.佼佼者，優(yōu)勝者7.Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.[諺]一旦給人加一個壞名聲,他就永遠洗刷不掉;人言可畏。跳進黃河也洗不清．

8.Myaunt,alwayshappytohelpalamedogoverastile.濟人之急,幫助人渡過難關(通常指金錢上的幫助)1.狗膽包天:monstrouslyaudacious2.狗急跳墻:acorneredbeastwilldosomethingdesperate3.狼心狗肺:cruelandunscrupulous;brutalandcold-blooded;heartlessandungrateful4.狗仗人勢:likeadogthreateningpeopleonthestrengthofitsmaster’spower,thatisbeabullywiththebackingofapowerfulperson5.狗皮膏藥:dogskinplasterquackmedicine6.狗頭軍師:apersonwhooffersbadadvice;villainousadviser7.狗血噴頭:letlooseastreamofabuseagainstsomebody8.狗尾續(xù)貂:adog’stailjoinedtosable—awretchedsequeltoafinework9.狗咬狗:dog-eat-dog10.狗腿子:hiredthug;lackeyhenchman11.狗屁:shit12.狗崽子:sonofabitch13.狗拿耗子多管閑事:pokeone’snoseintootherpeople’sbusiness14.狗嘴里吐不出象牙來:afilthilymouthcannotutterdecentlanguage15.落水狗:abadpersonwhoisdownActivity:Idioms1.facethemusic:acceptthecriticism,unpleasantconsequencethatfollowadecisionofhisown.用于承擔后果2.playthegame:dosomethinginafairandhonorableway.按章辦事，遵守規(guī)那么3.It’srainingcatsanddogs:It’srainingheavily.4.putone’sfootinone’smouth;someoneblundersbysayingsomethingheshouldnothave.失言TranslatethefollowingEnglishidiomsintoChinese:1.licksomebody'sboots:2.sitatsomebody’sfeet.3.haveabigmouth4.apieceofcake.5.carrycoalstoNewcastle拍馬屁寄人籬下夸夸其談小菜一碟畫蛇添足6.atsixesandsevens7.thepotcallingthekettle8.Dutchcourage9.castlesinSpain10.thekissofdeath亂七八糟五十步笑百步酒壯菘人膽白日做夢幫倒忙TranslatethefollowingtenChineseidiomsintoEnglish1.守口如瓶2.打退堂鼓3.雷聲大，雨點小4.大海撈針5.黔驢技窮buttonone’slipdrawinone’shornsmuchcryandlittlewoo