UNIX初學(xué)者指令大全(深入淺出)

Linux(Unix-like)programmingenvironmentteacher：鄭琪Mail:ObjectivesBefamiliarwiththecommandsoflinuxBefamiliarwithshellprogrammingShowcprogrammingtoolsandenvironmentconfigurationoflinuxWritebasicprogramonlinuxConsolidatethecomprehensionofOSreference《鳥哥的Linux私房菜》，鳥哥編著，人民郵電出版社《Unix編程環(huán)境》，BrianW.Kernighan著，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社《LINUX系統(tǒng)管理技術(shù)手冊》，EviNemethetc.著，人民郵電出版社《BeginningLinuxProgramming》，NeilMatthewetc著，WileyPublishing,Inc.WhereToPracticeLinuxServer〔RedhatAS〕IBMAIXLocalMultiOSVmwareLiveCDCygwinAbouttheexamTestonthemachine,dosomejobsaccordingtothepaperFinalscoreAttendance+Homework30%Finalexam70%Lecture1

LinuxIntroductionHistoryofUnixUnixisnotsomuchanoperationsystemasanoralhistorygenesis:1969-1971exodus:1971-1980TCP/IPandtheUnixWars:1980-1990BlowsagainsttheEmpire:1991-1995HistoryofLinuxMinixisdevelopedonx86foreducation:1984AndrewTanenbaumGNU&FSF:1984RichardMStallmanLinuxkerneldistribution:1991LinusTorvaldsLinuxdeveloppingcommunity:1991-LinusStartFrom:(LinusB.Torvalds)

Newsgroups:comp.os.minixSubject:Whatwouldyouliketoseemostinminix?Summary:smallpollformynewoperatingsystemMessage-ID:<1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI>Date:25Aug9120:57:08GMTOrganization:UniversityofHelsinki

Helloeverybodyoutthereusingminix-I'mdoinga(free)operatingsystem(justahobby,won'tbebigandprofessionallikegnu)for386(486)ATclones.Thishasbeenbrewingsinceapril,andisstartingtogetready.I'dlikeanyfeedbackonthingspeoplelike/dislikeinminix,asmyOSresemblesitsomewhat(samephysicallayoutofthefile-system(duetopracticalreasons)amongotherthings).Linus(torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)Who’sWhoBrianKernighan

DennisRitchieBillJoyKenThompson

LinusTorvalds

RichardStallmanKen(seated)andDennis(standing)ataPDP-11in1972FreeSoftware&OpensourceGPL(GNUPublicLicense)accesssourcecodecopymodifyredistributeBSD(BerkeleySoftwareDistribution)Freeware&SharewareVariationsinUnixandLinuxUnixfamily:ScoUnix,Solaris,IBMAIX,HPUnixLinuxdistribution:Redhat,Slackware,Debian,Mandrake,Suse,Redflag,Gentoo,Bluepoint,Ubuntu,Centos,KnoppixPOSIX：PortableOperationSystemInterfaceLinuxKernelversionKerenlkernel

maintainedbyLinusdeveloppingversion－3.1-rc4stableversion－LinuxCertificateRedHatRHCELPILevelone/two/threeUNIXSoftwareArchitectureUnixdevicesDeviceIDinUnixIDEHardDisk/dev/hd[a-d]SCSI/SATAHardDisk/dev/sd[a-p]USBDisk/dev/sd[a-p](sameasSCSI)CDROM/dev/cdromFloppyDisk/dev/fd[0-1]Printer/dev/lp[0-2]Mouse/dev/mouseIDE\JumperMasterSlaveIDE1(Primary)/dev/hda/dev/hdbIDE2(Secondary)/dev/hdc/dev/hddHardDiskLinuxDiskpartition/dev/sda5filedenotesdevicedirectoryincludingallthedevicefilesdeviceid,hddenotesIDEdevicesddenotesSCSIdevicesequenceidofsametypedevices,adenotesfirstdisk,bdenotesseconddisk,etcPartitionIDHardDiskLinuxdiskpartitionload123…h(huán)da//bin/boot/usr/usr/bin/boot/grubFileSystemMountpartitionsaremappedtodirectories.convention/,swap,/bootLinuxInstalllocalinstallCDROMinstallHardDiskinstallnetworkinstallNFSinstallFTPinstallHTTPinstallLinuxInstallSelectproperLinuxdistributionplandisklayoutinstallbootloader(grub)selectpackagesLinuxBootStepMBR/boot/vmlinuz/etc/rc.d/etc/inittab/etc/passwdLinuxBootStepInittab:RunLevel3:textinterface5:graphicinterfaceInrc[x].ddirectoryInitialSstandsforstartInitialKstandsforkill/etc/rc.localforuser’sautostartupcommandLoggingOnandLoggingOffwa