The-Roman-Invasion-and-Conquest-of-Britain：羅馬入侵并征服

TheRomanInvasionandConquestofBritainTheRomanInvasionandConques1TheFirstInvasionThefirstRomangeneraltoinvadeBritainwasJuliusCaesar.WhilefightingCeltictribesinGaul(modernFrance),CaesarbelievedtheyweregettinghelpfromtheCelticpeopleofBritain.HeresolvedtoinvadeBritainandpunishthosepeople.TheFirstInvasionThefirstRo2CrossingtheChannelIn55B.C.CaesarsetsailwithafleetofshipstocrossovertoBritain.HeplannedtolandnearthefamouswhitecliffsofDover.CrossingtheChannelIn55B.C.3BritishResistanceHowever,CaesarreportsthattheBritishpeoplewerewaitingforhim,andthrewdownuponhistroopsabarrageofspearsandstones,sothatthelandingfortheRomansoldierswasmadeverydifficult.BritishResistanceHowever,Cae4Caesar’sSecondInvasionAftersomeinitialskirmisheswithvariousCeltictribes,sincewinterwasapproaching,CaesardecidedtoreturntoGaul.However,inthespringof54B.C.heattemptedasecondinvasionofBritain.Thistimehewasabletolandwithoutopposition.Hemarchedinlandandsetupafort.Caesar’sSecondInvasionAfter5EndofCaesar’sInvasionsIn54B.C.CaesarfoughtafewsmallbattleswiththeBritishtribes,andthenconcludedsometreatieswiththeirkings.Soon,heagainleftBritain,inordertoreturntoRome,wherepoliticaldevelopmentsdemandedhisattention.HenevergotbacktoBritain,forin44B.C.hewasassassinated.EndofCaesar’sInvasionsIn546EmperorClaudiusInvadesAlmost100yearswentby,beforetheRomansagainturnedtheirattentiontoBritain.In43A.D.EmperorClaudiussentaninvasionforceofabout40,000soldierstoconquertheislandandmakeitspeoplesubmissivetoRomanpower.EmperorClaudiusInvadesAlmost7TheBritonsSubmittoRomeClaudius’armywastoogreatfortheBritonstoresist.Soon,anumberoftheCeltickingsdecidedtoaskfortermsofpeace.ClaudiushimselfcametoBritaintoreceiveapledgeofloyaltytoRomefromthesekings.BritainwasnowofficiallyapartoftheRomanEmpire.TheBritonsSubmittoRomeClau8RomanPowerChangesBritainTheBritishpeoplewereveryagriculturalandrural.Theyhadsmallvillages,butnorealcities.TheRomansbegantochangeallthis.TheyimmediatelysetaboutbuildingcitiesontheRomanmodel.OneofthesecitieswasLondinium,nowknownasLondon.RomanPowerChangesBritainThe9RomanReligionIntroducedtoBritainEmperorClaudiuswantedtheBritonstoacceptelementsofRomanculture.HeespeciallywantedthemtoknowabouttheRomangods.InthenewcityofNoviomagus,hebuiltatempleintheRomanstyleanddedicatedittohimself.InmanypartsoftheEmpire,theEmperorwasworshipedasagod,andClaudiushopedthiswouldhappeninBritainaswell.RomanReligionIntroducedtoB10TheRomanArmySettlesInTokeeptheBritishtribespeacefulandobedienttoRome,anumberofmilitarycampswereestablishedaroundtheisland,sothatsoldierscouldkeepconstantwatchonwhatthenativesweredoing.OneofthelargestcampswasatChester.TheRomanArmySettlesInToke11Boudicca’sRebellionNotalltheCeltictribeswerecontenttohavetheRomansrulingoverthem.In66A.D.thequeenoftheIcenitribe,awomannamedBoudicca,ledarebellionagainsttheRomans.Atfirstshewassuccessful.ShemanagedtoburnthecityofLondon.However,theRomanarmysooncaughtupwithher,andherfollowerswereslaughteredinaverybloodybattle.Boudicca’sRebellionNotallth12TroubleintheNorthTheCeltictribesinthenorth,theareaweknowasScotland,hadneversubmittedtoRomanrule.Theyoftenmaderaidsonthesouth,andpillagedRomansettlements.TheRomansdecidedtopunishthesetribes.UndertheRomangovernorAgricola,agreatbattlewasfoughtataplacecalledMountGraupius,andthesenorthernCeltsweresoundlydefeated.TroubleintheNorthTheCeltic13ASystemofFortsInordertokeepthenorthpeaceful,theRomansnowconstructedaseriesoffortsfromonesideoftheislandtotheother.Thesoldiersstationedinthesefortsweretopatroltheborderandpreventthenortherntribesforthreateningthetownstothesouth.OneoftheseimportantfortswasbuiltatVindolanda.ASystemofFortsInordertok14EmperorHadrianStrengthenstheBorder.In122A.D.theEmperorHadriandecidedtobuildawallcompletelyacrossBritaintomarkapermanentborderfortheEmpireandtoshutthenorthernCeltsoutofth