2024年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)考點05-介詞和介詞短語知識點總結(jié)習(xí)題

考點5介詞【中考考查重點】1.介詞辨析2.介詞短語辨析一、時間介詞1、表示年、月、日、時刻等用at,in,onat用于表示時刻、時間的某一點atnine在九點鐘atnoon正午時、atnight在夜間atlunch在午飯時、atbreakfast早餐時atthattime那時、atthemoment此刻，目前atthesametime同時atfirst開始的時候，起初、atlast最后on用于表示某天/具體某一天的上下午onJune6在6月6日onMonday在周一onChristmasDayonacoldnight在一個寒冷的夜晚in用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年、年代、世紀(jì)和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段時間內(nèi)）inthemorning/afternoon/evening在早/中/晚inMay在五月insummer在夏季in2022在2022年inthe1980s在20世紀(jì)80年代inthetwentiethcentury在20世紀(jì)【知識擴展】intime及時、ontime按時、attimes偶爾注意：表示時間的名詞前有this,last,next,every等修飾時，其前面不加介詞。thismorning今天早上、lastMonday上周一、everyweek每周2、before,after（注意：兩個既可以作介詞又可以作連詞）before在…之前當(dāng)連詞用時后面+句子當(dāng)介詞用時后面的動詞+inge.g.Let’ssingsomesongsafterschool.（after作介詞）放學(xué)后咱們唱歌吧！Pleaseclosethedoorafteryouleavetheroom.（after作連詞，后面引導(dǎo)從句）離開房間后請關(guān)門。after在…之后3、by,until/tillby在…前（時間）；截止（到）…bytheendof在…底（之前）bythetime+從句在…之前bynow=uptonow=sofar到目前為止until/till直到…為止（時間）做連詞時until用于肯定句和否定句，till用于肯定句4、for，in，since，fromin+時間段過…多久之后時態(tài)上用一般將來時，且用Howsoon提問e.g.Hewillbebackinfivehours.他五小時之后回來。for+時間段有…多久了時態(tài)上用現(xiàn)在完成時，且用Howlong提問e.g.Thedoctorhassavedalotoflivessincehebecameadoctor.（since還可作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；時態(tài)上遵從：主現(xiàn)完從一過）這個醫(yī)生自從當(dāng)醫(yī)生以來已經(jīng)拯救了許多人的生命。since+時間點自從fom+時間點自…起表示＂從…開始＂時，一般都是用詞組from...to...，而單純表示確切的＂從幾點開始＂時用at。e.g.Themeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoten.這個會議將從8點開到10點。Themeetingwillbeheldateight.會議將從八點鐘開始。5、during，through，withinduring在…期間e.g.Theyaregoingtohaveagoodrestduringthesummerholidays.暑假中他們打算好好休息一下注意：during后不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞through一直…（從開始到結(jié)束）e.g.Theyplayedthecardsthroughthenight.他們打了一整夜的牌within不超過…e.g.Imustfinishpaintingthecatwithinfiveminutes.我必須在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫好這只貓比較：within和inwithin強調(diào)＂在…時間之內(nèi)＂，沒有時態(tài)的限制。in是以現(xiàn)在為基礎(chǔ)，inanhour是指從現(xiàn)在起一小時之后，所以in一般只用于將來時。二、方位介詞1、at,inat在某地（小地點）e.g.I’llmeethimattheBeijingrailwaystation.我將去北京站接他。stayathome待在家里in在某地（大地點）ShewasborninChina.她是在中國出生的。2、in，on，toin在…方向（范圍內(nèi)）ChinaisintheeastofAsia.on在…方向（接壤）GuangdongProvinceisonthesoutheastofGuangxi.to在…方向（范圍外不接壤）JapanistotheeastofChina.3、on,above,over,under,belowon在…上（有接觸面）e.g.onthedesk在桌子上面其他搭配：onthemap在地圖上。onthefloor在地板上ontheright在右邊 onthescreen在屏幕上onthefarm在農(nóng)場ontheisland/beach在島上/海濱above在…上方Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds.我們的飛機在云端上飛行。over在…正上方over是under的反義詞e.g.ThereisalightoverLiMing.李明的正上方有一盞燈。under在…下面e.g.underthetable桌子下面below在…下方是above的反義詞。e.gTherearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.水面下有許多各式各樣的魚。注意：below不一定是正下方，正下方是under，below是above的反義詞。4、near,bynear=nextto近的，不遠的near=notfar，是far的反義詞。near還可以指時間e.g.inthenearfuture在不久的將來by=beside在…旁邊距離比near要近e.g.Theboyisstandingbythewindow.這個男孩正站在窗戶旁邊。5、in，between，among，aroundin在…里e.g.Stayinyourroom.待在你屋里。between在（兩者）之間What’sthedifferencebetweenAandB?A和B之間有什么區(qū)別？among在（三者或更多的）之中Heisverypopularamongthestudents.他在學(xué)生之中很受歡迎。around環(huán)繞，在…周圍，在…四周Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。6、infrontof，behind，oppositeinfrontof在…（外部）的前面e.g.Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.inthefrontof在…（內(nèi)部）的前面e.g.Thereisabigdeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.behind在…（外部）后面是infrontof的反義詞atthebackof在…（內(nèi)部）后面是inthefrontof的反義詞opposite在…對面e.gOurschoolisoppositeauniversity.我們學(xué)校在一所大學(xué)的對面。7、along,across,past,throughalong沿著Lotsoftreeareplantedalongtheriver.across橫過表示從表面穿過；cross是動詞=goacrosse.g.Ioftenswimacrosstheriver.我常游泳橫渡這條河。past經(jīng)過e.g.Everydayherunspastthecityhall.他每天跑步經(jīng)過市政府?！疽族e點】pass是動詞，過去式是passed，過去分詞是passed，而past是介詞，此外還有：n.過去e.g.inthepast在過去adj.過去的inthepastyear在過去的一年中through貫穿，通過表示從空間內(nèi)部穿過e.g.Theriverwasthroughthecity.這條河穿過這個城市。over越過表示從上方（不接觸）越過8、in，into，outof，upinto入…表示有特定終點的運動方向，常和go，e，walk，run連用，e.g.Iwalkedintodowntown.我走進了市中心。outof從…出來和into一樣也表示有一定方向的運動e.g.Thestudentsrushedoutoftheroom.學(xué)生們沖出房間up向上e.g.Theywereclimbingupthemountain.他們正在往山上爬。9、to,fromto到…（地點）方向HecametoJapanin1980.他1980年來到日本。form從…（地點）起IwillleaveforAmericanextweek.下周我將動身去美國。詞組辨析：leavefrom=leavesp離開某地leavefor動身去=startfor出發(fā)去三、其他介詞1、表示手段和材料的介詞with,in,bywith反義詞without和……在一起Willyoupleasegowithme?你和我一起去好嗎？具有、帶有Hewasahandsomeboywithlargebrighteyes.用某種工具或辦法LiLicutherhandwithaknife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。其他詞組：在某人的幫助下in表示用什么語言speakinEnglish用英語說+顏色或者衣物，表示衣著thegirlinred.穿著紅顏色衣服的女孩表示聲調(diào)特點表示用什么材料（如用墨水，鉛筆等）by“by+交通工具”的詞組：bybicycle騎自行車、（走路去是onfoot）byhand手工制作bychance=bymistakes偶然地、意外地；bymistakes錯誤地2、of,from①由…制成bemadeof（看得見原材料）Thechairismadeofwood.椅子是有木頭做成的。bemadefrom（看不見原材料）Paperismadefromthetrees.紙張是由木材做成的。②死于…dieof死于（內(nèi)因）400peopleayeardieofthisdiseaseonaverage.平均每年有400人死于這種疾病。diefrom死于（外因）Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.每年數(shù)百萬人過早地死于空氣污染。③hearof聽說Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore.我以前從來沒有聽說過他。hearfrom收到某人來信相當(dāng)于getorreceivealetterfrome.g.Iheardfrommyparents.我收到了父母的來信。3、of,for在It做形式主語，Itis+adj+todosth的固定句式中當(dāng)人稱和形容詞能形成主表關(guān)系時，用ofItisdifficultformetosolvethisproblem.當(dāng)人稱和形容詞不能形成主表關(guān)系時，用forItisniceofyoutohelpme.4、like,aslikeprep.像，反義詞unlikev.喜歡，反義詞dislike常見的提問方式：Whatareyoulike？你性格怎么樣？Whatdoyoulike？你喜歡什么？Whatdoyoulooklike?你長什么樣？Whatareyou?你的職業(yè)是什么？asprep.作為adv.和…一樣conj.隨著（當(dāng)…時）conj.正如，因為e.g.Heisfamousasascientisthere.他在此地作為一個科學(xué)家而聞名。Mysisterisastallasme.我姐姐和我一樣高。Astimegoeson,hewillunderstandwhatIsaid.隨著時間的推移，他會理解我所講的話。Asrainhasfallen,theairiscooler.因為下過雨，所以空氣比較涼爽。5、against,about，includingagainst反對e.g.playagainst和…打比賽Heisagainsttheplan.他反對這個計劃。Theteacherisstandingagainsttheblackboard.老師正靠著黑板站著。about關(guān)于Tellmesomethingaboutyourlife.告訴我你的生活情況including包括注意：include詞性是動詞，而including詞性是介詞I'vegotthreedays'holidayincludingNewYear'sDay.包括元旦在內(nèi)我有三天假。6、besides，except，butbesides除…之外還有…e.g.Hehasmanyfriendsbesidesme.除了我他還有很多朋友。except除去…易錯：expect“期待”expecttodosth期待做某事e.g.Everyoneisexcitedexceptme.每個人都很興奮，除了我不興奮。but除了常見固定搭配：①nothingbut除了…什么也沒有e.g.HedidnothingbutwatchTVallday.這一天他除了看電視什么也沒做。no…but…不是…而是…四、常見的介詞搭配1、動詞+介詞arrivein/at到達prefer…to寧愿…askfor請求，要求regard…as把…看作…dowellin在某方面做得好leavefor出發(fā)去…giveup放棄hearabout聽說thanksto幸虧、由于lookat看thinkabout考慮talkto與…談話laughat嘲笑worryabout關(guān)心2、介詞+名詞atonce立刻inahurry匆忙attheageof..在…歲時inthemiddleof在…中間atthebeginningof...在……之初inone’stwentieth在某人二十幾歲時withone’shelp在某人的幫助下inpublic公開withasmile面帶笑容inorderto為了thinkabout考慮insurprise驚奇地afterawhile過了一會abitof一點formnowon從現(xiàn)在開始alotof許多formthenon從那時起onfoot步行forexample例如ontheright/left在右邊/左邊f(xié)arawayfrom遠離ontheradio通過收音機bytheway順便說toone’ssurprise令某人驚訝的是inall總共introuble有麻煩infact事實上athome在家onone’swayto在某人去…的路上withoutbreakfast沒吃早餐???介詞練習(xí)題???考點一時間介詞一、單項填空(2020大連一模)Today'sonlineclasswillstart__________7:30am.Areyouready?A.atB.onC.inD.of(2021大連一模)TheDalianUnderseaTunnel(隧道)willbeopentotraffic__________2024.A.inB.atC.onD.for(2021大連“八區(qū)"聯(lián)考)__________April13，China'ssoccerteamwonatickettoTokyoOlympics.A.InB.SinceC.AtD.On(2021北京中考)SpaceDayofChinafalls__________April24theveryyear.A.onB.byC.atD.in(2021重慶中考)TheTianwen1ProbelandedonMars__________May15th，2021.A.atB.inC.toD.on(2019“雙基調(diào)查"試卷)MorepeoplewilletoDalian__________summerbecauseofthecoolweather.A.atB.inC.forD.with(2019大連中考)TheSilkRoadhasbeenabridgebetweentheEastandtheWest__________over2,000years.A.atB.forC.inD.fromI'mgoingtogivemyfatherasurprise__________Father'sDay.A.inB.atC.onD.by二、翻譯句子我出生于2005年10月1日。________________________________________________________________________我的爸爸每天早晨六點開始鍛煉。________________________________________________________________________我通常在周五的晚上和同學(xué)聚會。________________________________________________________________________考點二地點介詞一、單項選擇(2019綏化中考)Lightesin__________thewindow.A.acrossB.crossC.throughD.by(2019北京中考)Weplantedsomeflowers__________thegardenyesterday.A.onB.toC.inD.of(2021海南中考)Sansha，abeautifulcity，lies__________thesouthofChina.A.inB.onC.to(2021青海中考)Look!Thesunisshiningdirectlyintothecar.You'dbetterparkit__________thetree.A.underB.infrontofC.behind(2018大連中考)The2018WorldCupstarted__________Moscowon14thJune.A.atB.onC.inD.to(2019武漢中考)Hewrotehisphonenumber__________apieceofpaper.A.onB.forC.inD.from(2018無錫中考)Let'sputthepianooverthere,__________thewall.A.aboveB.againstC.acrossD.around(2018天津中考)Inthepicture，hesits__________me，lookingveryhappy.A.besideB.amongC.upD.though二、翻譯句子通過閱讀,我開始更多地了解世界。________________________________________________________________________100多年以來,他的作品一直很受歡迎。________________________________________________________________________周六下午我們會按時到達那家酒店。________________________________________________________________________考點三介詞搭配一、單項填空(2021長春中考)MyclassmatesliketoreadEnglishnovels__________theirfreetime.A.inB.onC.atD.to(2021昆明中考)Since1921，themunistPartyofChina(中國共產(chǎn)黨)hasbeenleadingtheChinesepeople__________abetterlife.A.ofB.onC.atD.to(2021包頭中考)What'sthemostexcitingholidayyouhaveeverbeen__________.Forme，itwasatriptoIcelandwithmyfamilytoseetheNorthernLights.A.inB.onC.toD.fromIthinkeatingvegetablesisgoodforourhealth.Yes.Iagree__________you.A.withB.toC.forD.at(2019阜新中考)Whatwillyoubuy__________yourfather?Ablackandwhitewallet.A.toB.ofC.onD.for(2019盤錦中考)Johnoftentakesawalk__________hisgrandpaafterdinner.A.toB.forC.alongD.with(2019安徽中考)Ourclassaremuchsuretowinthebasketballgame__________ClassThree.A.ofB.inC.againstD.from(2021黑龍江中考)ThankstothevideoVisitingtheWorldOnline，wecanenjoythesights__________leavinghome.A.withB.byC.withoutD.forIt'sveryhot.Thetemperatureis__________35℃.A.afterB.pastC.onD.overThestreetwasfull__________smokeafterthebigfire.A.ofB.withC.inD.forItisgoingtorain.Takeanumbrella__________you.A.withB.atC.inD.fromOurteacherisverystrict__________usandsheisstrict__________herwork.A.in;onB.with;forC.with;inD.to;inWeareexcited__________goingtoBeijinginthesummervacation.A.inB.toC.forD.aboutOurcoachwaspleased__________usbecausewewonthebasketballmatch.A.toB.withC.atD.aboutMyputerissimilar__________yours.A.withB.toC.inD.about二、句子翻譯昨天上午8點,媽媽和老師在談?wù)撐业膶W(xué)業(yè)。________________________________________________________________________每天早晨爸爸都要瀏覽一下報紙。________________________________________________________________________不幸的是,他的媽媽患了一種嚴(yán)重的疾病。________________________________________________________________________我們對他的進步感到很驚奇。________________________________________________________________________我很感謝我的老師,因為他對我很有耐心。________________________________________________________________________每天晚上,我們都在忙于做作業(yè)。________________________________________________________________________這張課桌是由金屬制成的。________________________________________________________________________考點四介詞短語一、單項選擇Weleft__________suchahurrythatweforgotourtickets.A.onB.forC.toD.in(2021安徽中考)Ourcountryhasmadegreatprogressinthefight__________blueskiesandclearwaters.A.inB.forC.againstD.betweenAlargepopulationmaycausealotofproblems,__________toomuchtrafficandpollution.A.suchasB.paredwithC.aswellasD.insteadofToomuchfastfoodisbadforus.Weshouldonlyhaveit__________.A.allthetimeB.fromnowonC.atthemomentD.onceinawhileWhenteenagersgotouniversity，theyshouldlive__________.A.ontheirownB.inahurryC.withtheirhelpD.eachotherItissodifficultthatIwanttogiveup..Takeiteasy.__________,ittakestimetolearnsomethingnew.A.InthatcaseB.ForexampleC.BythewayD.AfterallAtthattime，bookscouldonlybeproducedone__________byhand.A.foratimeB.atatimeC.attimesD.forsomeItisreportedthatmanywildanimalsintheworldare__________becauseofhumanbehaviour.Wemustdosomethingtostoppeoplefromhuntingandsellingtheseanimals.A.indangerB.inpublicC.insilenceD.inperson二、翻譯句子他的英語取得了很大的進步。_______________