2024年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)介詞

中考語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)介詞精講精練語(yǔ)法知識(shí)常用介詞用法1,表示時(shí)間的介詞表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻等用at，in，on?？谠E記憶如下：At時(shí)間點(diǎn)，in指月、季、年，有on必有天，特定早午晚用on來(lái)接連。具體解析如下：at用于表示時(shí)刻,Iwenttobedateleveno’clocklastnight.固定短語(yǔ)：atnoonatnightatpresent2）in用于表示一段時(shí)間多用在月份，季節(jié)，年份如，inDecember\inspring,in1970,固定短語(yǔ)：inthemorning/afternoon/evening/night3）on用于表示某日具體到某一天，星期幾，節(jié)日等。如，onSunday,Women’sDayisOnMarch8th4)特定的早，午，晚（在morning,afternoon,evening,night前有修飾詞時(shí)，用on）如，onSundaymorning,ontheafternoonofMarch8th,onacoldnight其他表示時(shí)間的介詞：1).before:在….之前e.g.Turnoffthelightsbeforeleavingtheroom.2).after:在….之后e.g.Springesafterwinter.3),by:在….之前，不遲于e.g.BythetimeIgotthebusstop,thebushadleft.4)，Until，till:直到….為止常用結(jié)構(gòu)：notuntil.e.g.Ididn’tgotobeduntil10:00lasnight.5).for:達(dá)….之久（表示過(guò)了多少時(shí)間，多用howlong提問(wèn)）e.g.Ihavehadthebikefortwoyears.6).during:在…期間e.g.Hewokemanytimesduringthenight.7）since:自從….以來(lái)后多加過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)。e.g.Ihavehadthebikesincetwoyearsago.8).in+一段時(shí)間，表示過(guò)….后（未來(lái)時(shí)間，多用howsoon提問(wèn)）e.g.Howsoonwillyoueback?Iwillebackinthreedays.2,表示地點(diǎn)、方向的介詞表示場(chǎng)所的介詞：at，in，on，under，below，near，by，betweenand，among，around，round，infrontof，behind，acrossfrom,nexttoe.g.Therearemanytreesaroundthelake.【注】表示“某地在….里”時(shí)要用in；表示“某地在另外一地某方向”時(shí)要用on或to；如果兩地有空間距離（不接壤）時(shí)，必須用to.如，TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.臺(tái)灣位于中國(guó)的東南部。TaiwanistothesouthofFujian臺(tái)灣在福建的南部。LaiwuisontheeastofTaian萊蕪在泰安的東部。表示方向的介詞：in，into，outof，along，down，across，through，to，towards，for，from，over，by，paste.g.Youmustputthedirtypaperinthebasket.【注】across和through的區(qū)別：across從的表面穿過(guò)，through從的內(nèi)部穿過(guò)。表示游渡，乘船過(guò)?；蜻^(guò)河時(shí)用across.如，Theriverrunsthroughthecity.Goacrossthebidge,you’llfindthepark3,表示原因的介詞短語(yǔ)becauseofe.g.Becauseofherillnessmygrandmastayedinbedforaweek.【注】because,becauseof的區(qū)別：because是連詞后接從句，如，mygrandmastayedinbedforaweekbecauseshewasill.4,with,in,on表示手段和材料等用法的介詞:with，in，by1),with：和…在一起，帶有、具有，用某種具體工具、材料或人體器官Ibelieveitwithmyeyes.Heiscuttingpaperwithaknife.CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen2），in：以…形式，以…方式；用…語(yǔ)言/聲音，表示穿衣著，用墨水、顏料等原料等。e.g.ShekeepsadiaryinEnglish.3）by：用手段或方式。如，Theoldmanhadtomakealivingbysellingvegetables在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybike=onabikebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空運(yùn)byland陸運(yùn)bysea海運(yùn)onfoot5,表示“由….制成”的介詞:of，fromof：表示成品看得出原材料e.g.Thetableismadeofwood.from：表示成品看不出原材料e.g.Thiskindofpaperismadefromwood.6,beside,besides,exeptbeside是"在……旁邊"，如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外，不僅……而且……，除了……以外還有……"，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是除之外（不再有），如：IehereeverydayexceptSunday.Everyoneelseinmyclasswasinvitedexceptme.7.表示其他的介詞:without，like，as，against等without：沒(méi)有e.g.Herushedtotheofficewithouthavinghisbreakfast.like：像，如，跟…一樣e.g.What’shelike?as：作為e.g.Heisfamousasascientisthere.against：靠著，反對(duì)e.g.Don’tstandagainstthedoor.Weareagainstbuildinganewzooinourcity.即時(shí)訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)訓(xùn)練：你能寫(xiě)出下列含有介詞的短？1.尋找2.照顧3渴望4.在…查找5.翻閱，瀏覽6.穿上；上演7舉起，張貼8拜訪；號(hào)召9打10招來(lái)；叫來(lái)11.對(duì)…友好12.與…不同13.害怕14.受…歡迎15.對(duì)…感興趣16.對(duì)…驚訝17.對(duì)某人生氣18.對(duì)…感到自豪19對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格20對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格21對(duì)…有好處22.擅長(zhǎng)于…23.對(duì)有辦法24.對(duì)…有把握25.由…構(gòu)成26.忙于27.裝滿了的28.覆蓋著29.因…著名30.作為…有名31.反對(duì)擔(dān)憂

32.處于困境/危險(xiǎn)中

33.對(duì)心存感激34.渴望；渴求35.對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)任36.與某人相處（融洽）37為…作準(zhǔn)備38.習(xí)慣于39妨礙40.起飛，脫下41參與，參加42同意（意見(jiàn)、想法）43.拾起，撿起，44.減少；砍到45切碎46.時(shí)間流逝47.提出；想出（主意，辦法）48.放棄49.與…交朋友50.編造51.愛(ài)上（某人）52.出發(fā)、啟程53.創(chuàng)辦、搭起54算出,解決55保守秘密56.在……某方面干得好57.在某方面幫助某人58.幫助解決困難/走出困境59.嘲笑60喚醒61.向……要……，請(qǐng)求62.付……的款63.注意64.動(dòng)身去……65.與相撞66.聽(tīng)說(shuō)67.

收到……來(lái)信68.分發(fā)69.拒絕二、用適當(dāng)介詞填空完成句子。1.—Howcanweprotectourselves_______theearthquake?—Weshouldstaycalmfirst.2.We’llplaybasketball_______Class3tomorrow.3—Aperson’slifeislikearoadlotsofdifficulties.—Yes,soweneedpositiveenergy.4.Mother’sDayis_______thesecondSundayinMayintheUnitedStates.5.Yousee,Keviniswriting______hislefthand.6.Aconversation_______awisepersonisworthtenyears’studyofbooks.7.Isometimeshelpmymom______herhousework______Saturdays.

8.Mr.Green’sofficeis_______the26thfloor.Youcantakethelifethere.9.______theexam,we’llsaygoodbyetoourdearteachers,classmatesaswellasour beautifulschool.10.—Whattimedoyouusuallygotoschool,Jack?—_______abouthalfpastseven.11.Theyusuallygoshopping____theirlunchbreak.12.—Whatwouldyoulike_______yourafternoontea？—Justacupofcoffee_______somesugarandmilk.13.—WouldyoupleasetellmethewaytothePacificHotel?—Go______thepostoffice,andyouwillfinditontheleft.14.Meimeiisabeautifulgirl_______bigeyesanddarkhair.15.OnMay10th,ahorsewasfoundrunninghappily_______thebusystreetinBeijing.16.Cambridgeisasmallcity_______theeastofEngland.17.Momalwaystellsmethatnothingcanbelearned______hardwork.18.Someworkersinthatfactoryhavetowork_______night.19.______allhispocketmoney,DanboughtapresentforhismotheronMother’sDay.20.AshipfromSouthKoreasankintothesea_______April16,2014.21.—HowsoonwillhisfatherebackfromLondon?—_______aweek.22.Now,peopleregarddrinkingtea_______aculturethanahabit.23.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—IhopeIhaveanicehouse_______abiggarden.24.Gina,what’sthis___________English?25.—Excuseme.Iwonderifyoucanprovideme______someinformationaboutthefantasticsightshere.—Sure.Withpleasure.26.Don’tgotoschool______breakfast.It’sabadhabit.27.WhendidyouebacktoEnshi?____theafternoonofMaylst.28.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellmetheway_______thenearestsupermarket?—Godownthestreetandturnleft.Thenyou’llseeit.29.ManycitiesinChina,_______Beijing,havebeendeeplyaffectedbydirtierair.30.–Hurryup!There’sabusing!–Whyrun?Therewillbeanotherone_____twoorthreeminutes.閱讀填空。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及所給提示，在文中的空白處填寫(xiě)一個(gè)正確的單詞。HaveyoueverreadAndersen’sfairytaleTheUglyDuckling(丑小鴨)?DoyouknowthathismotherlandisDenmark?It1.________(lie)innorthernEurope.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.YoucanfindalmostanyfastfoodinDenmark,such2.________hamburgersandhotdogs.Danishopenfacedsandwichesarenotonlydelicious,butalsoprettyandfun.Theyareworksofart.Tastingsomeisanexperiencethatshouldn’t3._________(miss)“Lego”toyswerecreatedinDenmark.Thetoysweremade4.__________woodbefore.BuildingwithLegoshelpsstudentslearnaboutengineering,physicsandtechnologyinafunway.In1968,the5._________(one)LegolandthemeparkopenedinBillund,Denmark.Today,thereareLegolandparksinCalifornia,Florida,Malaysia,Dubai,Windsor,JapanandGermany.BicyclingispopularinDenmark.NineoutoftenDaneshaveabike.Theyridetheirbikes6.__________whattheweather.Theyaren’tjustridingbikes7._______fun.Theyusebikestogettowork,totake8._________(they)kidstoplaces,andeventocarrygoods.Today,moreandmorepeoplearechoosingbikesovercars.Theyhave9._________sayinginDenmark:“AbicycleisaDane’sbestfriend.”DenmarkiscalledthelandoffairytalesAndersen’sanotherpopularfairytaleisTheLittleMermaid(美人魚(yú)).TheLittleMermaidstatue(雕塑)hasbeenregardedasDenmark’smostfamouslandmark10.___________1913.TheDanesbelievethatshebringsthemgoodluck.參考答案一、1.lookfor2.lookafter（=takecareof）3.lookforwardto4.lookup5.lookthrough6.puton7.putup8.callon9.callup10.callin11.befriendly/kindto12.bedifferentfrom13.beafraidof14.bepopularwith15.beinterestedin16.besurprisedat17.beangrywith18.beproudof(=takepridein)19.bestrictwith20.bestrictin21.begoodfor22.begoodat23.begoodwith24.besureof/about25.bemadeof/from26.bebusywithsth27.befullof/filledwith28.becoveredwith29.befamous/knownfor30.befamous/knownas31.beagainst（doing）32.beintrouble/danger

33.bethankfulto34.bethirstyfor35.beresponsiblefor36geton/al