UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES核心要點(diǎn)突破-高中英語核心要點(diǎn)突破和檢測(cè)（人教版2019）

UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES核心要點(diǎn)突破（含答案）1.respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→responsen.回答；答復(fù)；反應(yīng)【高考鏈接】EverytimeIaskedhimforadvice，hewouldrespondto/makearesponsetomeimmediately.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)每當(dāng)我向他尋求建議時(shí)，他總是立即給我回復(fù)?！井?dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Knowingbasicfirstaidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquickly________emergencies.②________________，Ihavemadesomechangesinmywayoflife，whichrangefromtransportationtowatersaving.為了響應(yīng)號(hào)召，我在生活方式上做出了一些改變，從交通到節(jié)水?！居梅ㄐ〗Y(jié)】respondto對(duì)……做出回應(yīng)或反應(yīng)；答復(fù)inresponseto對(duì)……的答復(fù)；對(duì)……做出反應(yīng)makea/noresponseto對(duì)……做出回應(yīng)/不予回答2.appointvt.任命；委派→appointedadj.約定的；指定的→appointmentn.約會(huì)；約定，預(yù)約；委任【高考鏈接】Learningthathewasappointedasheadoftheteam，hecouldn’tcontainhisexcitementanddancedintothehouse.(動(dòng)作和心理描寫)得知他被任命為隊(duì)長(zhǎng)后，他激動(dòng)得雀躍著進(jìn)了家門。【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/一句多譯①I________(appoint)totakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.②非常遺憾，這個(gè)周末我不能守約和你出去了。(道歉信，2021·北京卷)→It’sagreatpitythatI________________togooutwithyouthisweekend.→It’sagreatpitythatI________________togooutwithyouthisweekend.【用法小結(jié)】appointsbas/tobe...任命某人為……appointsbtodosth委派某人做某事make/haveanappointment(withsb)(與某人)約會(huì)/預(yù)約keep/breakanappointment守約/違約3.scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇→scaredadj.害怕的；對(duì)……感到驚慌或恐懼的→scaryadj.嚇人的；恐怖的【高考鏈接】Anyway，Adamwasonlyaboyofsevenandwhathadhappenedreallyscaredhim.不管怎樣，亞當(dāng)只是一個(gè)七歲的男孩，發(fā)生的事情真的讓他很害怕?！井?dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①“Iwasso________(scare)thatIhurriedhomeinpanicwithouttellinghim，”Adamsaid，fullofguilt.(心理描寫)②Afterwatchinga________(scare)filminthecinema，shewasscared________walkinghomealoneandtherefore，shecalledataxi.③Ibowedmyheadtimidlyand________________________________.(心理描寫)我膽怯地低著頭，不敢看爸爸那張陰云密布的臉?！居梅ㄐ〗Y(jié)】(1)bescaredtodosth害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb/sth害怕某人/某事bescaredtodeath嚇得要死(2)scaresbintodoingsth恐嚇某人做某事4.replacevt.接替；取代；更換；放回原處【高考鏈接】Ireplacedhimastheleadingroleintheschooldrama，whichcameasabigshocktotheclass.我代替他成為學(xué)校戲劇中的主角，這讓全班同學(xué)大為震驚?！井?dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/一句多譯①AsfarasI’mconcerned，itisnotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethem________snacks.②喜歡并向其他文化學(xué)習(xí)是好的，但它們永遠(yuǎn)無法取代你自己的文化?！鶬t’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycannever________________.→It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycannever________________.【用法小結(jié)】replace...with/by...用……替換……replace...as...取代……而成為……taketheplaceofsb＝takesb’splace代替某人inplaceof代替5.assistvt.幫助；協(xié)助；援助→assistantn.助手；助理→assistancen.幫助；協(xié)助【高考鏈接】I’mwonderingifyoucouldassistmeinchoosing/tochoosethesuitabletopicsfortheclassmeeting.我想知道你是否能幫助我選擇合適的班會(huì)主題。(求助信，2021·全國(guó)甲卷)【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Havingagreatdealofteachingexperienceataprimaryschool，IdobelievethatIamqualifiedtobeyourteaching________(assist).(申請(qǐng)信)②Whenthetwinswereworriedthattheycouldn’tsucceedinmakingadeliciousMother’sDaybreakfast，theirfather________________.________________________________，thetwinsmadeit，andtheirfacesalsolitupwithasmile.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)正當(dāng)這對(duì)雙胞胎擔(dān)心做不出一頓美味的母親節(jié)早餐的時(shí)候，爸爸來幫他們了。在他們爸爸的幫助下，這對(duì)雙胞胎成功了，他們的臉上也洋溢著笑容?！居梅ㄐ〗Y(jié)】assistsbtodo/indoingsth幫助某人做某事assistsbwith/insth在某方面幫助某人e/gotoone’sassistance來/去援助某人withtheassistanceof...在……的幫助下6.tearn.眼淚；淚水vt.(tore，torn)撕破【高考鏈接】Whenwetearonepagefromthecalendar，itmeansourlifehasbeenshortenedbyoneday.每當(dāng)我們從日歷上撕下一頁，就意味著我們的生命又少了一天?！井?dāng)堂檢測(cè)】補(bǔ)全句子①Withalltheangeranddisappointmentexplodinginmyheart，I________________.(情感描寫)我滿腔的憤怒和失望，終于哭了起來。②Iwasheartbrokentosee________________________.(心理描寫)看到簡(jiǎn)淚流滿面，我很傷心。③Hearingtheirplan，Bernardjumpedforjoy，________________________.(情感描寫，2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)聽到他們的計(jì)劃，伯納德高興得跳了起來，幸福和感激的淚水涌上雙眼?！居梅ㄐ〗Y(jié)】intears流著淚；含著淚burstintotears突然大哭起來fight/holdbacktears強(qiáng)忍住淚水tearsthapart撕碎某物tearsthdown推倒；拆毀(建筑物)tearsthup把(紙/布)撕碎7.harmn.&vt.傷害；損害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的；不致傷害的【高考鏈接】Icuppedmyhandoverthephone，whisperingthatImeantnoharm.(動(dòng)作描寫)我用手捂住，低聲告訴她我沒有惡意?！井?dāng)堂檢測(cè)】補(bǔ)全句子/一句多譯①Suddenly，anideaflashedintohermind.Perhaps________________shemovedthemarkGrandmotherhadputinthestocking.突然，她的腦海里閃出了一個(gè)想法。如果她移動(dòng)了祖母放在長(zhǎng)筒襪上的標(biāo)記，也許不會(huì)有什么壞處。②有些男生對(duì)玩電腦游戲簡(jiǎn)直到了癡迷的程度，這對(duì)他們的健康非常有害。(倡議書)→Someboysareaddictedtoplayinggames，________________.(定語從句；harmful)→Someboysareaddictedtoplayinggames，________________.(分詞短語作狀語，harm)【用法小結(jié)】harmone’shealth/image/reputation損害某人的健康/形象/名譽(yù)·do/causeharmtosb＝do/causesbharm對(duì)某人造成損害/傷害Thereisnoharmindoingsth做某事沒有害處meannoharm無惡意beharmfulto...對(duì)……有害8.inmemoryof作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念【高考鏈接】Weheldaseriesofactivitiesinmemoryofthedoctorswhogavetheirlivestothecountry.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)我們舉辦了一系列的活動(dòng)來紀(jì)念為了國(guó)家而獻(xiàn)出生命的醫(yī)生?！井?dāng)堂檢測(cè)】補(bǔ)全句子①AschairmanoftheStudents’Union，Iwasappointed________________alltheactivitiesduringyourstayinTianjin.作為學(xué)生會(huì)主席，我被委派負(fù)責(zé)你在天津逗留期間的所有活動(dòng)。②HehasmadeuphismindtogotoShanghai________________.他已經(jīng)下定決心要去上海尋找一種更好的生活。③________________________，youcandraworwriteanythingrelatedtotheWinterOlympics.就比賽內(nèi)容而言，你可以畫或?qū)懭魏闻c冬奧會(huì)有關(guān)的東西。【用法小結(jié)】inhonourof為了向……表示敬意，紀(jì)念……inneedof需要inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)，管理insearchof尋找infavourof贊同，支持intermsof就……而言9.句型公式：“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)【教材原句】Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...對(duì)一個(gè)人來說，沒有什么比他們的生命更加珍貴了，……【高考鏈接】“Ihaveneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthisone！”themotherrespondedexcitedly.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“我從來沒吃過比這更美味的早餐了！”媽媽激動(dòng)地回答道?！井?dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Hardthoughitis，thereisnothing________valuableasthesenseofachievementyougetfromchallengingyourself.(讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華)②________________________________readingthosemasterpiecescreatedbygreatfigures.沒有什么比閱讀那些偉大人物的杰作更能帶來快樂和幸福的了?！居梅ㄐ〗Y(jié)】(1)“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的否定詞有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。(2)含否定詞，表最高級(jí)意義的其他表達(dá)：·否定詞＋so/as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as·否定詞＋形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)＋than·have/hadnever/not＋v.ed＋such＋形容詞原級(jí)＋名詞。10.句式解讀：“見證”的擬人用法【教材原句】ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.新中國(guó)成立后，林巧稚醫(yī)生發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵的作用?！靖呖兼溄印縏henextmomentsawthemother’ssurpriseandhappinesswhenshetastedthebreakfastpreparedforherbythetwins.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)緊接著，當(dāng)母親品嘗到雙胞胎為她準(zhǔn)備的早餐時(shí)，她又驚又喜?！井?dāng)堂檢測(cè)】補(bǔ)全句子①What’smore，videosaboutthethreeyears’life，which________________________，wereplayed.(2020·天津7月卷)此外，還播放了關(guān)于這三年生活的視頻，它們見證了我們成長(zhǎng)的整個(gè)過程。②Unfortunately，asoureconomyadvances，recentyears________________________.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)不幸的是，隨著我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，近年來目睹了海洋被污染了?！居梅ㄐ〗Y(jié)】see意為“見證，目睹，經(jīng)歷”時(shí)，常以表示時(shí)代、年代、世紀(jì)或地點(diǎn)的名詞作主語，表示某時(shí)或某地“目睹、發(fā)生、經(jīng)歷”了某事。find，witness，say，experience等詞在句中作謂語，用物作主語時(shí)，表示一種擬人的手法，以增添語言色彩。參考答案1.congratulatevt.向(某人)道賀；(因某事)為自己感到自豪→congratulationn.祝賀；恭喜；(pl.)賀辭【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/一句多譯①Iamwritingaletterofcongratulation(congratulate)toyouonyourbeingelectedaschairmanoftheStudentAssociation.(祝賀信)②我想衷心地祝賀你在英語演講比賽中獲得第一名。(祝賀信)→I’dliketooffer/express/sendmysincerecongratulationstoyouonyourwinningfirstplaceintheEnglishSpeechpetition.(congratulation)→I’dliketocongratulateyousincerelyonyourwinningfirstplaceintheEnglishSpeechpetition.(congratulate)2.rangen.一系列；范圍、界限vi.包括；(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/一句多譯①ThetemperatureinKunmingusuallyrangesbetween15℃and25℃.Thatiswhyitiscalled“theSpringCity”.②隨著這個(gè)體育場(chǎng)的落成，各種體育賽事得以舉行，包括從乒乓球、足球到賽跑不等?！鶺iththestadiumsetup，awide/fullrangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld，whichrangefrompingpong，footballtorunningpetitions.(定語從句)→Withthestadiumsetup，avarietyofsportseventsareabletobeheld，rangingfrompingpong，footballtorunningpetitions.(分詞短語作狀語)3.figuren.人物；數(shù)字；身材vt.認(rèn)為；認(rèn)定【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】猜測(cè)詞義/補(bǔ)全句子①Allofusstudentsfigurethatthefruitpickingactivityisagreatsuccess.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)vt.認(rèn)為②AsformyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory，itmustbeWeiYuan，agreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.n.人物③Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthowtospendtimewithfriends，family，work，play，etc.(2022·浙江1月卷)弄清楚④只有通過均衡飲食，定期鍛煉，你才能既保持體形又保持健康。(建議信)Onlybymeansofbalanceddietsandregularexercisecanyoukeepyourfigureaswellasstayhealthy.(倒裝句)4.gratefuladj.感激的；表示感謝的→gratituden.感激之情；感謝【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Ihopethatyouwilldomeagreatservice，andIwouldbeverygratefultoyoufortheinformationyouwouldgiveme.②Toexpressoursinceregratitude(grateful)toyou，wehavecarefullychosenapresentforyou—BingDwenDwen.③Iamwritingtoexpress/conveymyheartfeltgratitudeforwhatyouhavedoneforme.(感謝信)我寫信是為了表達(dá)我對(duì)你為我所做的一切的衷心感謝。5.significantadj.有重大意義的；顯著的；重要的→significancen.重要性；重要意義【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】一句多譯/補(bǔ)全句子①Iattachgreatsignificancetoworkingoutatschool，sowestudentsmusthavePEclassactivelyandpunctually.(學(xué)校生活)我認(rèn)為在學(xué)校鍛煉身體很重要，因此我們學(xué)生必須積極準(zhǔn)時(shí)地上體育課。②設(shè)立世界海洋日是為了讓人們意識(shí)到保護(hù)海洋是很重要的。(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)→WorldOceansDaywassetuptomakepeopleawarethatprotectingtheoceansisofgreatsignificance/importance.→WorldOceansDaywassetuptomakepeopleawarethatprotectingtheoceansisverysignificant/important.6.reflectvt.顯示；反映；反射→reflectionn.思考；映射；反射；倒影【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Theyoungmanlayonthegrassquietly，reflecting(reflect)onwhathadhappenedthatday.②Shewasextremelypretty，andherhousewasareflection(reflect)ofherself，everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.(2021·浙江6月卷)③聽到我的話，他低下了頭，陷入沉思中。(動(dòng)作描寫)Atmywords，hehunghishead，lostindeepreflection.7.representvt.象征；代表；相當(dāng)于；描述→representativen.代表adj.典型的；有代表性的【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/一句多譯①Theyrepresentedtheirconcernforthesafetyofthesechildrentotheauthorities.②Asoneofthemostrepresentative(represent)Chinesefestivals，theMidAutumnFestivalhasbeenenjoyinggreatpopularity.③我非常高興代表我們學(xué)校告訴你們有關(guān)即將到來的排球比賽的一些事宜。→Representingourschool，I’mmorethangladtotellyousomethingabouttheingvolleyballgame.(represent)→Onbehalfofourschool，I’mmorethangladtotellyousomethingabouttheingvolleyballgame.(behalf)8.respectvt.尊敬；尊重n.尊敬；尊重；方面→respectableadj.值得尊敬的；體面的→respectfuladj.恭敬的；表示敬意的【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Shehasbeendevotedtoherwork，forwhichIrespectheralot.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)②Theeventisintendedtoraiseourawarenessoflabourandremindusofhowvaluableandrespectable(respect)hardworkis.③Inmanyrespectsofourlife，therearealwaysrespectablepeople.Withrespectto/InrespectofthepersonIrespectmost，Ihavetomentionmymathsteacher.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)在我們生活的許多方面，總有值得尊敬的人。關(guān)于我最尊敬的人，我不得不提到我的數(shù)學(xué)老師。9.setoff出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；啟程；燃放(煙花)；引起；激起【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/一句多譯①At7amlastSundaywesetoff/outforthefarmmerrilylikecagedbirdsnewlysetfree.②Youhadbettersetasidesometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic.③他們著手打掃廚房，而他們的父親幫忙做早餐。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)→Theysetaboutcleaningupthekitchenwhiletheirfatherhelpedmakethebreakfast.→Theysetouttocleanupthekitchenwhiletheirfatherhelpedmakethebreakfast.10.句型公式：分詞短語作狀語【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Wecollectedallthemoneyandpapersatonce，putting(put)theminthedrawer.②Hearing(hear)this，Karenworeashiningsmileonherface.③Hearingwhattheheadmastersaid，Iwaswildwithjoy，myeyesglitteringwithexcitement.(心理描寫)當(dāng)聽到校長(zhǎng)所說的話，我欣喜若狂，雙眼興奮地閃閃發(fā)光。參考答案1.respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→responsen.回答；答復(fù)；反應(yīng)【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Knowingbasicfirstaidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.②Inresponsetotheappeal，Ihavemadesomechangesinmywayoflife，whichrangefromtransportationtowatersaving.為了響應(yīng)號(hào)召，我在生活方式上做出了一些改變，從交通到節(jié)水。2.appointvt.任命；委派→appointedadj.約定的；指定的→appointmentn.約會(huì)；約定，預(yù)約；委任【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/一句多譯①Iwasappointed(appoint)totakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.②非常遺憾，這個(gè)周末我不能守約和你出去了。(道歉信，2021·北京卷)→It’sagreatpitythatIcan’tkeeptheappointmenttogooutwithyouthisweekend.→It’sagreatpitythatIwillbreaktheappointmenttogooutwithyouthisweekend.3.scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇→scaredadj.害怕的；對(duì)……感到驚慌或恐懼的→scaryadj.嚇人的；恐怖的【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①“Iwassoscared(scare)thatIhurriedhomeinpanicwithouttellinghim，”Adamsaid，fullofguilt.(心理描寫)②Afterwatchingascary(scare)filminthecinema，shewasscaredofwalkinghomealoneandtherefore，shecalledataxi.③Ibowedmyheadtimidlyandwasscaredtolookatmyfather’scloudyface.(心理描寫)我膽怯地低著頭，不敢看爸爸那張陰云密布的臉。4.replacevt.接替；取代；更換；放回原處【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/一句多譯①AsfarasI’mconcerned，itisnotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethemwith/bysnacks.②喜歡并向其他文化學(xué)習(xí)是好的，但它們永遠(yuǎn)無法取代你自己的文化?！鶬t’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycanneverreplaceyourownculture.→It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycannevertaketheplaceofyourownculture.5.assistvt.幫助；協(xié)助；援助→assistantn.助手；助理→assistancen.幫助；協(xié)助【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Havingagreatdealofteachingexperienceataprimaryschool，IdobelievethatIamqualifiedtobeyourteachingassistant(assist).(申請(qǐng)信)②Whenthetwinswereworriedthattheycouldn’tsucceedinmakingadeliciousMother’sDaybreakfast，theirfathercametotheirassistance.Withtheassistanceoftheirfather/Withtheirfatherassistingthem，thetwinsmadeit，andtheirfacesalsolitupwithasmile.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)正當(dāng)這對(duì)雙胞胎擔(dān)心做不出一頓美味的母親節(jié)早餐的時(shí)候，爸爸來幫他們了。在他們爸爸的幫助下，這對(duì)雙胞胎成功了，他們的臉上也洋溢著笑容。6.tearn.眼淚；淚水vt.(tore，torn)撕破【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】補(bǔ)全句子①Withalltheangeranddisappointmentexplodinginmyheart，Ifinallyburstintotears.(情感描寫)我滿腔的憤怒和失望，終于哭了起來。②IwasheartbrokentoseetearsstreamingdownJane’scheeks.(心理描寫)看到簡(jiǎn)淚流滿面，我很傷心。③Hearingtheirplan，Bernardjumpedforjoy，tearsofhappinessandgratitudewellingupinhiseyes.(情感描寫，2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)聽到他們的計(jì)劃，伯納德高興得跳了起來，幸福和感