高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)題練習(xí)-主旨大意題

主旨大意題在閱讀理解試題中所占比例及難度都相當(dāng)大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通過(guò)各種細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)信息來(lái)闡明中心話(huà)題。因此，把握主旨大意對(duì)于正確理解全文具有重要意義。要找出主旨大意，應(yīng)采納快速閱讀法閱讀全文，閱讀時(shí)要留意抓住表達(dá)中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般狀況下閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)特殊留意文章的開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾及各個(gè)段落的首句和尾句，因?yàn)樗鼈兺恼碌闹行淖h題。常見(jiàn)的命題方式：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Whatdosethispassagemainlyconcern?Themainthemeofthispassageis_____________Themainpointofthepassageis___________Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis______Thepurposeofthewriterwritingthispassageis_____Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?文章主題經(jīng)?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)文章的寫(xiě)作方法來(lái)體現(xiàn)，有以下幾種狀況：1。題句位于句首。主題句出現(xiàn)在文首，開(kāi)宗明義，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)明、支撐主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的演繹寫(xiě)作法。2。主題句位于段末。主題句出現(xiàn)在文章結(jié)尾是作者采納了先擺事實(shí)，后作結(jié)論的手法。這種段落稱(chēng)作歸納型段落。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納寫(xiě)作法。3.主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方法也較為多見(jiàn)。通常，前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)潔的重復(fù)，后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。4。主題句位于段落的中間。主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間，通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文章的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明、說(shuō)明或發(fā)展。5。主題句隱含在段意之中。全文沒(méi)有明確的主題句。其中心思想包含在各個(gè)句子中，在這種狀況下，讀者要把全部已知的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納出主題句?！镜淅?】Theglobalenergycrisisisapproaching.Whatcanwedo?Herearesomestepsyoucantake。Coolingputsthegreateststressonyoursummerenergybillandthepowergrid(電網(wǎng)).Justasatune-upforyourcarcanimproveyourgasmileage,ayearlytune-upofyourheatingandcoolingsystemcanimproveefficiencyandcomfort.Cleanorreplacesfiltersmonthlyorasneeded?！璂rivethecarthatgetsbettergasmileagewheneverpossibleifyouownmorethanonevehicle.Ifyoudrive12,500milesayear,switching10percentofyourtripsfromacarthatgets20milespergallontoonethatgets30mpgwillsaveyoumorethan￡65peryear。Carpool.TheaverageU.S.commuter(乘車(chē)上班族)couldsaveabout￡260ayearbysharingcarstwiceaweekwithtwopeopleinacarthatgets20.1mpg—assumingthethreepassengerssharethecostofgas.

Thispassageismainlyabout________。A.energy-savingtips

B.fuel-savingtips

C.do-it-yourselftips

D.environment-protectingtips【解析】本文主要介紹了如何節(jié)約能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主題很明顯，文章一起先就點(diǎn)明白主題，接下來(lái)整篇文章都是圍繞如何saveenergy綻開(kāi)，而savefuel僅僅只是其中的一部分。故選A。針對(duì)主旨大意類(lèi)題目，應(yīng)采納快速閱讀法(Skimming)閱讀全文。在閱讀時(shí)，應(yīng)特殊留意文章的開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因?yàn)樗麄兺恼碌闹行淖h題?！镜淅?】Domestic(馴養(yǎng)的)horsesnowpullploughs,raceintheKentuckyDerby,andcarrypolice.Butearlyhorsesweren’ttame(馴服的)enoughtoperformthesekindsoftasks.Scientiststhinkthefirstinteractionshumanshadwithhorseswerefardifferentfromthosetoday。Thousandsofyearsago,peoplekilledthewildhorsesthatlivedaroundthemforfood.Overtime,peoplebegantocatchtheanimalsandraisethem.Thiswasthefirststepindomestication?！璗hedomesticationofhorseshashadgreateffectsonsocieties.Forexample,horsewereimportanttoolsintheadvancementofmodernagriculture.Usingthemtopullploughsandcarryheavyloadsallowedpeopletofarmmoreefficiently.Beforetheywereabletoridehorses,humanshadtocrosslandonfoot.Ridinghorsesallowedpeopletotravelfargreaterdistanceinmuchlesstime.Thatencouragedpopulationslivingindifferentareastointeractwithoneanother.Thenewfromofrapidtransportationhelpedculturesspreadaroundtheworld.

Thepassageismainlyabout_______。A.whyhumansdomesticatedhorsesB.howhumansandhorsesneededeachotherC.whyhorsescameindifferentshapesandsizesD.howhumansocietiesandhorsesinfluencedeachother【解析】本文以時(shí)間為依次，記敘了人類(lèi)對(duì)馬的馴化以及馬對(duì)人類(lèi)的生活所產(chǎn)生的重要影響。本題考查主旨大意。前四段說(shuō)明，人類(lèi)馴養(yǎng)了野馬，使得馬的種類(lèi)繁多，這是人類(lèi)社會(huì)對(duì)馬的影響；最終一段說(shuō)明，馬作為交通工具加速了人類(lèi)文化傳播的進(jìn)程。故文章的主題應(yīng)是D所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。此主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的最終一段。假如文章沒(méi)有明確的主題句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各個(gè)段落中，考生可實(shí)行提綱挈領(lǐng)的方法，通過(guò)分析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)把文章的要點(diǎn)歸納出來(lái)，概括出全文的中心思想。選擇標(biāo)題屬主旨大意題，是閱讀理解題?？嫉念}型之一。那么怎么樣選擇文章的標(biāo)題？選擇文章標(biāo)題屬深層次理解題，它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，細(xì)致分析主子公的特定心態(tài)、文章大意及作者寫(xiě)作意圖，在此基礎(chǔ)上，所選出的標(biāo)題還應(yīng)做到概括性、針對(duì)性、醒目性的有機(jī)結(jié)合。1。概括性原則

要求標(biāo)題應(yīng)在最大限度上覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨。標(biāo)題事實(shí)上是文章主題的一種確認(rèn)方式。前面我們提到，通過(guò)找尋主題句，往往很簡(jiǎn)潔確定短文的標(biāo)題。但大多數(shù)文章的主題句并不明顯，須要我們通過(guò)體會(huì)字里行間蘊(yùn)含的意思從整體上把握文章的主旨，從全局的角度概括歸納出文章的標(biāo)題。要防止舍本逐末，主次不分，以點(diǎn)代面，以偏概全。2。針對(duì)性原則

針對(duì)性原則是對(duì)標(biāo)題外延的一種界定。概括性原則要求文章標(biāo)題包括文章的主要內(nèi)容。但假如標(biāo)題過(guò)大，就違反了針對(duì)性原則、針對(duì)性原則要求標(biāo)題不能太過(guò)于概括，而是要干脆指向文章的主旨。即標(biāo)題不能太大也不能太小。要量體裁衣，大小適度。3。醒目性原則

標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，是文章的靈魂。標(biāo)題的好壞往往會(huì)影響文章的可讀性。讀者往往從標(biāo)題上確定文章的閱讀取舍。故標(biāo)題往往比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，目的是為了吸引讀者的留意力，喚起讀者對(duì)文章閱讀的愛(ài)好。所以在標(biāo)題選擇的過(guò)程中，在滿(mǎn)意概括性和針對(duì)性的條件下，還要考慮標(biāo)題的醒目性。A.主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式1）文首開(kāi)宗明義,提出主題,隨之用細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)明,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想.最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫(xiě)作方式.例1.Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.例2.Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.2).文尾，在表述細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)后,歸納要點(diǎn),印象,結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題.這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫(xiě)作方式例3.Ahumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildanimal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Man’sgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvariedgrace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.3).文中，通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明,支撐或發(fā)展.例4.Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.4).首尾呼應(yīng)，為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方式較為多見(jiàn).但前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)潔的重復(fù),后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。例5.（首段）ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.“shesaid…&O1472;（尾段）“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.5).無(wú)主題句，即主題句隱含在全文中,沒(méi)有明確的主題句.必需依據(jù)文篇中所供應(yīng)的事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必需留意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。例6.JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?＿＿＿＿A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.

B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.[分析]此文沒(méi)有主題句。全篇共四句，只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看，個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將全部的details綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)沒(méi)有言明的主題思想(unstatedmainidea)。由于文中主要涉及了JoshuaBingham接受教化的狀況，即作者想告知我們的是：JoshuaBingham接受過(guò)良好的教化，所以答案是Ｃ除了以上主題句呈現(xiàn)的常見(jiàn)形式外還要留意標(biāo)記詞

文章或段落的主題句經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)記性的提示后。如：onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus…..Iagreewiththeopinionthat….;Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat….;Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer….ReadingcomprehensionMainidea1.Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest.IlearnedthatlessonwhenIdecidedtotreatDoug,myhusbandofonemonth,toaspecialmeal.Iglancedthroughmycookbookandchoseamenuwhichincludedhomemadebread.Knowingthebreadwouldtaketine,IstartedonitassoonasDougleftforwork.AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.AsDouglovedoranges,Ialsoopenedacanoforangeandpoureditallintothebowl.Soontherewasastickydough(面團(tuán))coveredwithuglyyellowishmarks.RealizingIhadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn’thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork.Iwentonpreparingtherestifthemeal,and,whenDouggothome,wesatdowntoCornishchickenwithrice.Hetriedtoenjoythemealbutseemeddisturbed.Twicehegotupandwentoutside,sayinghethoughtheheardanoise.Thethirdtimeheleft,Iwenttothewindowtoseewhathewasdoing.Lookingout,IsawDougstandingaboutthreefeetfromtherubbishbin,holdingthelidupwithastickandlookingintothecontainer.WhenIcameoutofthehouse,hedroppedthestickandexplainedthattherewassomethingaliveinourrubbishbin.Pickingupthestickagain,heheldthelidupenoughformetosee.Ifeltcold.ButIsteppedcloseandlookedharder.Withoutdoubtitwasmywork.Thehotsunhadcausedthesoughtodoughtodoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeast(酵母)madethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughtitwerebreathing.Itlookedlikesomeunknownbeingfromouterspace.IcouldseewhyDougwasshaken.Ihadtoadmitwhatthe“l(fā)ivingthing”wasandwhyitwasthere.Idon’tknowwhowasmoreembarrassed(尷尬)bythewholething–Dougorme.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis___________totellaninterestingexperience.Toshowtheeasiestwayoutofadifficulty.TodescribethetroublefacinganewlymarriedwomanToexplainthedifficultyoflearningtocookfrombooks2Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepokeritoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocess()issimilar.Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byanystandards,goodthinkers.ThegreatmathematicianJohnvonNeumannwasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.Inparticular,heshowedthatallgamesof“perfectinformation”,gameslikechesswheretheplayerscan’thideanythingorplaytricks;theydon’twinbychance,butbymeansoflogicandskills.Thentherearegamesof“imperfectinformation”,likepoker,inwhichitisimpossibletoknowinadvancethatonecourseofactionisbetterthananother.Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitthereverse.Business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowablefactors()whichwouldevenpuzzle()bestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinditcomfortabletoadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplayingchess,notpoker.Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____a.theprocessofreachingdecisionb.thedifferencebetweenpokerandchessc.thesecretofmakinggoodbusinessplansd.thevalueofinformationinwinninggames3Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.Thiskindoflonelinessisnotserious,Infact,itisquitenormal.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Nowresearcherssaytherearethreedifferenttypesofloneliness.Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary(短暫的).Thisisthemostcommontype.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation—forexampleafamilyproblem,thedeathofalovesone,ormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,suchasheadachesandsleeplessness,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostsevere.Unlikethesecondtype,chronic(長(zhǎng)期的)lonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.Peoplewhoexperiencehabituallonelinesshaveproblemssocializingandbecomingclosetoothers.Unfortunately,manychronicallylonelypeoplethinkthereislittleornothingtheycandotoimprovetheircondition.Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontacts,e.g.friends,familymembers,co-workers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport,ourparentssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthat,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.Psychologistsaretryingtofindwaystohelphabituallylonelypeoplefortworeasons:theyareunhappyandunabletosocializeandthereisaconnectionbetweenchroniclonelinessandseriousillnesssuchasheartdisease.Whiletemporaryandsituationallonelinesscanbeanormal,healthypartoflife,chroniclonelinesscanbeaverysad,andsometimesdangerouscondition.Thetopicofthe4thparagraphisthat_________.oneproblemoflonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontactswedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasonslonelypeopledon’thavemanysocialproblemslonelypeopledon’thavemanyfriendsWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?ThreeKindsofLoneliness.b.:LonelinessandDiseasesc.LonelinessandSocialContactsd.ChronicLoneliness.4．Excusedfromrecyclingbecauseyouliveinahighrisewitharubbishchute(垃圾道)?Youwon’tbeforlong.Miami’sMarkShantzishasmadeitsimpleforthoselivingintallbuildingstousethechuteandcycle,too.InShantzis’Hi-RiseRecyclingsystem,achuteleadstoapip-shapedcontainerwithsixboxesthatcanturnaroundwhenoperated.Thesystem,whichfitsinthesamespaceasthechuteandcontainernowinuse,enables,glass,plastics,paper,metal,andotherrubbishtogointoseparateboxes.Thesystemiscontrolledfromaboardfoxednexttothechutedoor.Theboardhasabuttonforeachclassofrecyclingmaterials().Atthepressofabutton,amicrocomputerlocksallotherfloors’chutedoorsandsetstherecyclingcontainerturninguntiltherightboxcomesunderthechute.Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaparticularpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.Sorting(分類(lèi))recyclablesbeforetheyarecollectedsavestheuseofexpensivematerialsrecoveryequipmentwhichotherwisehastodothesorting.Suchequipmentoftenmakesrecycledmaterialsveryexpensive,soexpensivethattonesofrecyclablesremainwasted.Shantzisbelieveshissystemcouldhelprecycledmaterialsbecomemorecost-effective.Thepurposeinwritingthistextis_________.Atoencouragepeopletorecycletheirrubbish.B.tointroducearecyclingsystemforhighrisesCtodescribetheuseofcomputertechnologyinrecyclingDtoexplaintheneedforrubbishcollectioninhighrise5Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandforenvironment()friendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastics,andthesearedifficulttogetridof.However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green”anddemandingthattheproductstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyaskquestionslikethese,“Willthisshampoodamagetheenvironment?”“Canthismetalcontainerbereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?”Arecentstudyshowedthattwooutoffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit,thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangedthewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare“green”,thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsupermarkets,butnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels(標(biāo)簽)toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing(生產(chǎn))ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.Theconcernforasaferandcleanerenvironmentismakingcompaniesrethinkhowtheydobusiness.Nolongerwillthepubicaccepttheoldattitudeof“buyit,useit,throwitaway,andforgetit.”Thepublicpressureison,andgraduallybusinessiscleaningupitsact.NMET2001CWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?a.BusinessandPeopleb.BusinessGoesGreenc.ShoppingHabitsAreChangingd.SupermarketsandGreenProducts6IfyouaskpeopletonametheonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster”,butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglishWilliamtheConqueror.Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.Inthewest-centralregionlivedtheWelsh,whospokeaCelticlanguage,andinthenorthlivedtheScots,whoselanguage,thoughnotthesameasWelsh,wasalsoCeltic.IntherestofthecountrylivedtheSaxons,actuallyamixtureofAnglos,Saxons,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon(orOldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage.Ifthisstateofaffairshadlasted,EnglishtodaywouldbeclosetoGerman.Butthisstateofaffairsdidnotlast.In1066theNormansledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland.Foraboutacentury,FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.Asaresult,EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases,,modernEnglishevenshowsadistinction()betweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo-Saxoninitswords.Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoods,meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldoratreadytobecooked,whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupper-classNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.WhenAmericansvisitEuropeforthefirsttime,theyusuallyfindGermanymore“foreign”thanFrancebecausetheGermantheyseeonsignsandadvertisementsseemsmuchmoredifferentfromEnglishlanguageisactuallyGermanicinitsbeginningandthattheFrenchinfluencesarealltheresultofoneman’sambition.NMET2001DWhatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?a.ThehistoryofGreatBritain.b.ThesimilaritybetweenEnglishandFrench.c.TheruleofEnglandbyWilliamtheconquerord.TheFrenchinfluencesontheEnglishlanguage.7Britain’soldestmanmadehisfirstvisittoLondonyesterdayattheageof110.Mr.JohnEvanshadneverfoundthetimeorthemoneytomakethetripfromhishomenearSwansea.But,whenBritishRailofferedhimanall-expenses-paidbirthdaytriptothecapital,hejustcouldnotrefuse.Untilyesterdayhehadneverbeenfarfromhome,exceptforonetriptoAberdeen.Mr.Evens,whospent60yearsworkingasaminerinSouthWales,almostmadethejourneytoLondononcebefore,attheturnofthecentury.“TherewasatriptotheWhitecitybutitwastenshillings(1shilling=1/20pound)returnfromSwansea-toomuchIthought.Allmymoneywenttothefamilythen,”hesaid.DuringthenesttwodaysMr.Evenswillbetakenonawhistle-stoptourofLondontoseethesights.TopofhislistisavisittotheHousesofParliament()Theonlyarrangementhedoesnotcareforisthewheelchairprovidedtomovehimaboutifhegetstired.“Idon’tlikethechairbusiness-peoplewillsothinkIamgettingold,”hesaid.Hisecretforalongandhealthylifehasbeenwellpublicized—noalcohol,nocigaretteandnoanger.BeforesettingofffromSwanseawithhis76-year-oldson,Amwel,hequipped,“I’mgladtoseethey’vegivenmeareturnticket.”2003shanfhaiCWhatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?a.100-year-oldTouristb.SecretforLongandhealthylifec.FreeReturnTicketd.SightseeinginLondon8BEING–setofbytheApril1Sino-usplanecollision(相撞)andUSofficialagreementofthebiggestarmssaletoTaiwanindecade(tenyears)aswellasremarksbyUSpresidentBushonDefendingTaiwan,therehavebeenincreasinghackerattacksonwebsitesofthetwocountriesinthepastweeks.AnAmericangroupofhackers（黑客)whichcallsitselfPoisonBoxhadbegunruiningChinesewebsitesaftertheApril1spyplaneincident,topChineseportalsinasaid.TheChinesesoonattackedback.OnApril2,ChinesehackersinvadedtwoGovernmentwebsitesovertheweekend,forcingtheDepartmentoflaborandtheDepartmentoftheHealthandHumanServicestoshutdowntheirsitesforashorttime.TheUSDepartmentoflaborwentofflineforafewhoursafterapageinitswebsitewaschangedtodisplayapictureofWangWei,theChinesepilotwhodiedinthecollision.Thepagewastitled“Chinaback!”andread,inEnglish,“thewholecountryissosorryforlosingthebestsonofChinaWangWeiforever.Wewillmisstheendoftheday.”O(jiān)nMay1,hackersexchangedbadremarks(臟話(huà))inwhichtheofficialWhiteHousewebsitewasdefaced(毀容)byahugeamountofe-mailgarbage.OnMay5,theWhiteHousewebsitefellvictim(受害者)toadenial(拒絕)ofservicedattackthatblockedaccess(通道)tothesiteformorethantwohours.TheComputerNetworkandInformationSecurityManagementOfficetoldweboperatorsanaverageof100sitesadayhadseen“somemoreformofattack.”Thebesttitleofthepassageis_____.a.Sino-USplanecollision.b.Sino-USHackersFightingCyber()warc.Cyberwarcontinuingd.Wangwei,ourbestson9Thereweretwointerestingnewsitems()inthepaperafewyearsago.Onewasaboutamanwhoreceivedabillfromthetelephonecompanyfor￡999,999—forthreemonth!Theotherwasaboutamanwhoreceived￡2,000amonthfordoingnothing.Theconnectionbetweenthetwonewsitemsissimple:computer–thebestinventionofthe20thcentury.Thetelephonebillcamefromacomputerwhichmadeaterrifyingmistake,thatwasonly￡23.36.Theotheritemwasnotsoamusing.Amanwalkedintotheunguarded()computerroomofalargepackagedfoodcompany(袋裝食品生產(chǎn)公司)andexpectlyprogrammedthecomputer(給計(jì)算機(jī)編程序)topayhim￡2,000amonthforrawmeatwhichhe“supplied”tothecompany.Ofcourseheneversentthemeat,buthecertainlyreceivedthemoney.Thecomputerwroteoutabill,andeven“signed”it.Itwasonlyarandom(隨意的)checkthatuncoveredthetrick.Itcouldbehappeninginthousandsofothercompaniedallovertheworld.Computersarenotthemagicalworkersthatsomepeoplesaytheyare.Theymakemistakes,they’resometimesslowerthanhumanbeingsandthey’reeasilyfooled.TheUSusedtoconscript(征兵)peoplewiththehelpofacomputer.Thearmysentoutacard,whichhadtobefilledinandsentback.Itwaseasytoavoidbeingcalledupsimplybyspreadingcandle-waxononthecard.Thecomputercouldn’treadthecardanddidnothingwithit.It’sinoureverydaylifethatcomputerscausemanyproblems.Let’sgetbacktousingpeopleinsteadofcomputers,beforeamistakethatwecan’tputright.Thewriter’smainideais__________.Awe’dbetterusepeopleinsteadofcomputersinoureverydaylife.B.Weshouldnotusecomputersbecausetheyalwaysmakemistakescomputersarewidelyusedinoureverydaylifeifwewanttoworkwell,don’tusethecomputers.10Duringtheearlyyearsofthiscentury,wheatwasseenastheverylifebloodofWesternCanada.Whenthecropsweregood,theeconomyoncitystreetswatchedtheyieldsandthepriceofwheatwithalmostasmuchfellingasiftheyweregrowers.Themarketingofwheatbecameanincreasinglyfavoritetopicofconversation.Warsetthestageforthemostdramaticeventsinmarketingthewesterncrop.Foryears,farmersmistrustedspeculativegrainsellingascarriedonthroughtheWinnipegGrainExchange.Wheatpricesweregenerallylowintheautumn,butfarmerscouldnotwaitformarketstoimprove.Ithadhappenedtoooftenthattheysoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroupsaskedforfarmercontrols,butgovernmentshadnowishtobecomeinvolved,atleastnotuntilwartimewheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.Anxioustocheckinflationandrisinglivingcosts,thefederalgovernmentappointedaboardofgrainsupervisorstohandledeliveriesfromthecropsof1917and1918.GrainExchangetradingwassuspended,andfarmerssoldatpricesfixedbytheboard.Tohandlethecropof1919,thegovernmentappointedthefirstCanadianWheatBoard,withfullauthoritytobuy,sellandsetprices.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?ToexplainhowwheatismarketedtodayTojustifysuspensionoftradingontheGrainExchange.TodescribetheoriginsoftheCanadianWheatBoard.ToargueforfurtherreformsontheCanadianWheatBoard11.April27isTakeOurDaughterstoWorkDayinBritain.StartedatfirstintheUnitedStatesandbroughttoBritainin1994,TakeOurDaughtertoWorkDayhasbecomeaspecialdayforgirlsbetween11and15.Onthatdaythousandsofgirlstakeadayoffschoolandgotogetherwithoneoftheirparentstotheirworkplaces.Thepurposeofthisdayistobroadengirls’horizons(視野)andraisetheirself-confidence.Formanyyearspeoplehavethoughtthatboycandobetterthangirlsinsociety.Butactually,“Girlscanbewhatevertheywanttobejustlikeboys,whetheritisapilot,anurseorachiefexecutive(主管),”saysthechairmanoftheOurSonsandDaughtersCharitableTrust,anorganizationwhichsupportedtheactivityoftheDay.“Nowthegirlshaveacloselookatwhattheirparentsaredoingandthismayhelpthemtobemoreself-confidentwhentheyarefacedwithachoiceofwork.”Schoolsandmanycompaniedsupporttheactivity,too.PalmersGreenHighSchoolforgirls,innorthLondon,hasmadethedayanecessaryofcareerseducation.ZarinaBart,15,fromPalmersGreen,wentwithhermotherGwentoherlawyer’sofficeonthisyear’sTakeOurDaughterstoWorkDay.“IlearnedhowtofillinalegalaidformandIreaddetailsofacase.ThenIwenttoseetheactualtrail,”shesaid.Zarinafounditinterestingtos