高考閱讀理解專題課件高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解

高考專題復(fù)習(xí)[近3年考情分析]考試年份試卷名稱篇目考查體裁主題語境文章話題篇章詞數(shù)命題考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞句猜測(cè)2022全國(guó)甲卷A應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)英國(guó)加的夫市的劇院2876531B說明文人與自然鸚鵡辨物實(shí)驗(yàn)246C記敘文人與自我南極洲之旅300D夾敘夾議文人與社會(huì)悉尼新舊文化沖突332考試年份試卷名稱篇目考查體裁主題語境文章話題篇章詞數(shù)命題考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞句猜測(cè)2022全國(guó)乙卷A應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)蘇格蘭畫展2238511B書評(píng)人與社會(huì)兩名女性支教的故事310C說明文人與社會(huì)無人機(jī)在鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)中的應(yīng)用305D說明文人與社會(huì)英國(guó)征收糖稅降低兒童肥胖率311考試年份試卷名稱篇目考查體裁主題語境文章話題篇章詞數(shù)命題考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞句猜測(cè)2021全國(guó)甲卷A應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)年度風(fēng)光攝影師大獎(jiǎng)2346711B說明文人與自然

黑犀牛繁育項(xiàng)目251C記敘文人與自我滑板運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來的歸屬感327D議論文人與社會(huì)“天才”的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)290考試年份試卷名稱篇目考查體裁主題語境文章話題篇章詞數(shù)命題考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞句猜測(cè)2021全國(guó)乙卷A應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)世界上最大的幾個(gè)體育場(chǎng)2307521B說明文人與社會(huì)座機(jī)的使用306C記敘文人與自然塑料污染268D說明文人與社會(huì)適度噪聲的好處330考試年份試卷名稱篇目考查體裁主題語境文章話題篇章詞數(shù)命題考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞句猜測(cè)2020全國(guó)卷ⅠA應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)乘坐火車的相關(guān)信息2127521B夾敘夾議文人與自我重讀書籍286C說明文人與社會(huì)競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)303D說明文人與自然發(fā)光植物317考試年份試卷名稱篇目考查體裁主題語境文章話題篇章詞數(shù)命題考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞句猜測(cè)2020全國(guó)卷ⅡA應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)景點(diǎn)介紹2738322B說明文人與社會(huì)智力游戲?qū)和挠绊?44C說明文人與自然海貍鼠的皮毛322D記敘文人與自我對(duì)圖書館的熱愛331考試年份試卷名稱篇目考查體裁主題語境文章話題篇章詞數(shù)命題考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞句猜測(cè)2020全國(guó)卷ⅢA應(yīng)用文人與社會(huì)歷史文化之旅2287431B記敘文人與自然動(dòng)物演員在電影行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用234C說明文人與社會(huì)家庭生活方式317D說明文人與社會(huì)人類的進(jìn)化292命題規(guī)律：1.文章體裁穩(wěn)定，話題豐富多樣，彰顯語言與文化結(jié)合。語言材料圍繞人與自我，人與社會(huì)，人與自然三大主題，內(nèi)容涉及人物故事，前沿科技，環(huán)境保護(hù)和優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化。2.閱讀材料時(shí)代和人文氣息濃厚，更趨向與原汁原味近幾年高考閱讀所節(jié)選的材料基本上都來自英文報(bào)刊或者媒體網(wǎng)站，這就增加了詞匯量和學(xué)生閱讀的難度。3.重點(diǎn)考查學(xué)生的精細(xì)化閱讀能力，突出深層次推理和概括能力。通過近三年命題可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷占主要部分，15個(gè)選擇題占據(jù)11到13個(gè)而且細(xì)節(jié)理解題在文中的答題信息變得較為隱蔽，不再是只通過只言片語就能確定答案，而是需綜合信息才能確定答案1細(xì)節(jié)理解【例1】(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A)LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero.B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest.D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞submit和theduedate可定位到原文關(guān)鍵句“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.”，比對(duì)選項(xiàng)和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期過后一周才上交，你的成績(jī)將會(huì)是零分。綜合細(xì)節(jié)題——同義轉(zhuǎn)述【例2】(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀B)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“thearugulastory”可定位到信息句“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad...IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.”；由信息句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地買了太多東西，而又沒有完全用掉，所以無意中浪費(fèi)了食物。unintentionally與文中的unthinkingly為同義轉(zhuǎn)述。數(shù)字計(jì)算(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀A)GroupSizeWerequireonechaperone(監(jiān)護(hù)人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore,pleasecalltodiscussoptionsHowmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?A．One.

B．Two.C．Three. D．Four.解析：數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文

“Werequireonechaperonepertenchildren.”可知，每10個(gè)孩子需要1個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人，那么30個(gè)孩子則需要3個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人。2.推理判斷【例1】(2022·全國(guó)乙卷閱讀D)Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A．Itisashort-sighteddecision. B．Itisasuccessstory.C．Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D．Itupsetscustomers.解析：隱含推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位于“Today'sfigures...showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishaving...inschools.”，

揣摩此細(xì)節(jié)可知，糖稅政策的實(shí)施產(chǎn)生了積極的影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊，由此可推斷該政策是成功的?！纠?】(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C)Overthelastsevenyears，moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers，andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem，byjustaboutanymeasure，appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A．Ineffective.

B．Unnecessary.C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“依據(jù)措辭定態(tài)度”的方法并結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容以及第二段中的“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”可推知，美國(guó)對(duì)司機(jī)發(fā)短信的禁令是無效的。(2022·全國(guó)乙卷閱讀B)InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅(jiān)忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport.

B．Abookreview.C．Achildren'sstory.D．Adiaryentry.解析：B文章類型題。

根據(jù)文章中的“InWickenden'sbook”“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.”以及“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.”可推知，本文是一篇書評(píng)，介紹了一本書。3.詞句猜測(cè)(2021·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(棲息地).(paragraph1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Acquire.

B．Export.C．Destroy. D．Distribute.解析：利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的Unfortunately可判斷，畫線詞所在句與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。上文講到探險(xiǎn)者抵達(dá)北美洲時(shí)，這片大陸上充滿了各種各樣的野生物種，整個(gè)大陸生機(jī)勃勃，美洲土著居民明智地照顧著這些寶貴的自然資源。因此畫線詞所在句應(yīng)與上文意義相反，講述這些資源受到的破壞——探險(xiǎn)者及隨之而來的殖民者只用了幾十年就將大部4.主旨大意(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀D)TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewat