試論心理學在思想政治工作中的應(yīng)用中英文對照

////試論心理學在思想政治工作中的應(yīng)用中英文對照OntheapplicationofpsychologyintheideologicalandpoliticalworkinChineseandEnglish馬克思主義心理學認為,人的心理是由客觀事物引發(fā)的,又會在人的行為中表露出來。通過仔細觀察人的行為變化,了解人的心理活動,把握人的思想動態(tài),有助于增強思想政治工作的預(yù)見性和科學性。思想政治工作要深入人的內(nèi)心,尤其是利用社會心理學知識,才能了解和理解人的思維活動,從而走進人的心理。如果不掌握一般的心理知識,思想政治工作就難以具有生命力。ThinkMarx'spsychology,humanpsychologyiscausedbytheobjectivethings,butalsowillberevealedinhumanbehavior.Throughcarefulobservationofbehaviorchangepeople,understandpeople'spsychologicalactivity,tograsptheideaofdynamicpeople,contributetothepredictabilityandenhancethescientificnatureofIdeologicalandpoliticalwork.Ideologicalandpoliticalworkshouldgodeepintothehumanheart,especiallytheuseoftheknowledgeofsocialpsychology,toknowandunderstandpeople'sthinkingactivity,whichenteredthepeople'spsychology.Ifyoudonotgraspthegeneralknowledgeofpsychological,ideologicalandpoliticalworkisdifficulttohavevitality.1心理學在思想政治工作中的應(yīng)用Applicationof1psychologyintheideologicalandpoliticalworkinthe抗戰(zhàn)時期,中國共產(chǎn)黨牢牢把握群眾的心理感受和心理體驗,運用民歌民謠、街頭劇等形式教育人、鼓舞人、激勵人、凝聚人。如陜北民歌《騎白馬》,一句“有心回家看看姑娘,呼兒嘿喲,打鬼子就顧不上”,將國家存亡與兒女情感聯(lián)系在一起,讓人同時體味到八路軍的人格與人性。又如《黃河大合唱第五樂章:河邊對口曲》,通過黃河岸邊,兩位老漢的對唱,把家仇國恨進行回放和再現(xiàn),曉之以理,動之以情,從而達到全民動員的目的。所有這些,都是心理學在群眾發(fā)動中具體而成功的應(yīng)用。DuringtheperiodofAnti-JapaneseWar,theChineseCommunistPartyfirmlygraspthepsychologicalfeelingsandpsychologicalexperience,useoffolksongsandballads,streettheatreformeducation,encouraging,motivatingpeople,unitepeople.SuchastheNorthShaanxifolksong"rideawhitehorse",a"determinedtogohomeandhavealooktotheboygirl,hey,youdidn'tplaythedevil",thenationalsurvivalandchildrenemotiontogether,letpeopleappreciatepersonalityandhumanityoftheEightRoutearmy.Suchas"theYellowRivercantatafifthmovement:Rivercounterpartssong",bytheshoreoftheYellowRiver,twooldduet,putGuqiucountrieshateplaybackandreproduction,Daniel,move,soastoachievethepurposeofnationalmobilization.Allofthese,arethepsychologyinthemassesinthespecificapplicationofsuccess.2心理學的動機和需要是思想政治工作的出發(fā)點2psychologicalmotivationandneedisthestartingpointoftheideologicalandpoliticalwork把人們的一切思想和行為引導到正確的出發(fā)點上來,是思想政治工作者在全面了解一個人的政治歷史、思想覺悟、道德品質(zhì)和個性心理特征的基礎(chǔ)上,首先要做的工作。思想和行為的出發(fā)點,也就是心理學上的動機。心理學認為,動機是指引和維持個體的活動,并使活動朝向某一目標的內(nèi)部心理過程或內(nèi)部動力。人的各種活動是在動機的指引下,并向著某一目標進行的。例如,一個干部像孔繁森那樣對待群眾和工作,是因為他有效仿榜樣的動機;動機具有指向功能,在它的推動下,個體的行為總是指向一定的目標或?qū)ο?動機還有維持和調(diào)整功能,當活動產(chǎn)生以后,人們是否堅持進行這種活動,同樣要受到動機的調(diào)節(jié)和支配。懂得動機產(chǎn)生的本質(zhì)和功能運動機制,有助于思想政治工作者深入了解和分析人們活動的各種動機,從而根據(jù)正面引導的方針,采取不同方式,幫助人們建立良好的動機,使活動收到預(yù)期的效果。心理學認為,動機是在需要的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的。需要是人對某種客觀要求的反映,它可以來自有機體內(nèi)部,也可以來自個體周圍的環(huán)境。如人餓了需要吃飯,這就是由機體內(nèi)部的要求引起的;父母“望子成龍”,引導孩子好好學習,積極向上,這種需要是由外部要求引起的,因此,需要是人活動的基本動力,是個體積極性的重要源泉。Thepeople'sthinkingandbehaviortoguidetothecorrectstartingpoint,istheideologicalandpoliticalworkersonthebasisofacomprehensiveunderstandingofaperson'spoliticalhistory,politicalconsciousness,moralcharacterandpersonalitytraits,thefirstworktobedone.Thestartingpointofthinkingandbehavior,alsoisthepsychologyofmotivation.Psychologythinks,motivationistoguideandmaintainindividualactivities,andmaketheactivitytowardsagoalofinternalpsychologicalprocessesorinternaldynamic.Allhumanactivityisundertheguidanceofthemotivation,andtowardatarget.Forexample,acadretotreatpeopleandworklikeKongFansen,becauseheistheeffectivesimulationexamplemotivation;motivationhasdirectivefunction,underitsimpetus,thebehavioroftheindividualisalwayspointingtothetargetorobjectcertain;motivationandmaintainandadjustthefunction,whentheactivityisproduced,ifpeopleinsistonthisactivity,thesamebythemotivationofadjustingandcontrolling.Theessenceandthefunctionmechanismofmovementthatmotivation,haveavarietyofmotivestotheideologicalandpoliticalworkersin-depthunderstandingandanalysisoftheactivitiesofthepeople,accordingtothepositiveguidance,toadoptadifferentapproach,tohelppeoplebuildupgoodmotives,tohavethedesiredeffect.Psychologythinks,motivationisproducedonthebasisofneed.Needistoreflecttheobjectiverequirementofacertain,itcancomefromwithintheorganism,canalsocomefromindividualsurroundings.Suchasthehungrypeopleneedfood,whichiscomposedofthebody'sinternalrequirementstocause;parents"ambitious",guidethechildrentostudyhard,positive,thisneediscausedbyexternalrequirements,therefore,needisabasicpowerofhumanactivity,isanimportantsourceofvolumepolarity.馬斯洛對自我實現(xiàn)的需要的定義為,指實現(xiàn)個人的理想、抱負,發(fā)揮個人的能力或潛能,并使之臻于完善。懂得這一點,思想政治工作者就能自覺地引導人們在低級需要得到滿足后去追求高級需要,有意識地以科學的理論武裝人,以高尚的精神塑造人,使人們樹立崇高的共產(chǎn)主義理想并為之奮斗終身。這是因為從實質(zhì)上看,崇高理想對人的激勵作用很大,是鼓舞人們前進的重要精神支柱。人們是依靠崇高理想投身于創(chuàng)造歷史的洪流,并推動歷史前進的。崇高理想使人具有為之奮斗的最高價值目標,并具有堅韌不拔的斗爭精神及克服重重困難的勇氣。Maslowontheneedforself-actualizationisdefinedasameanstorealizetheideal,ambition,personal,anddeveloptheabilityorpotentialperson,andmakeitperfect.Tounderstandthispoint,ideologicalandpoliticalworkerscanconsciouslyguidepeopleinthelowerneedsaremettopursuehigh-levelneeds,consciouslyarmingthepeoplewithscientifictheories,moldingthepeoplewithnoblespirit,makepeopletosetandachievelifelongtheloftycommunistideal.Thisisbecauseinessence,loftyidealincentiveeffectonpeople,isanimportantpillarofspiritinspiredpeopleforward.Itistorelyontheloftyidealstoenga