中考英語定語從句

定語從句一、定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that等和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，既起到連接作用，又在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成份?？偨Y(jié)定語從句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：先行詡關(guān)系詞+定語從句。一、關(guān)系代詞1.關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語，基本用法如下表:關(guān)系作用詞先行詞例句who主語/賓語人Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.這就是幫我的那個(gè)男孩。Ihappenedtomeettheprofessor(who/whom)Igottoknowatapartyintheshoppingcenteryesterday.昨天在購物中心我碰巧遇到了那位我在一次聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)的教授。whom賓語人Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.你等那個(gè)人已經(jīng)回家了。that主語/賓語人或物Thisisthepenthatwriteswell.這是那支很好

寫的筆。Thisisthepenthatyouwant.這是你想要的鋼筆。ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromFujian.在為我們隊(duì)踢足球的最高哪個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員來自福建。which主語/賓語物Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.有個(gè)機(jī)器的房間是車間。Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.從我家前面流過的河流非常清澈。whose定語人或物Theroomwhosedoorisblueismine.藍(lán)色房門的那個(gè)房間是我的房間。注意：一般情況下，that既可以指人又可以指物，可以代替who,whom和which,在句子中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語；which指物，在從句中也做主語，賓語或表語，所以which和that在指物時(shí)，大多時(shí)候可以互換，如：ThisisthemoviethatIlikebest.=ThisisthemoviewhichIlikebest.這就是我最喜歡的電影。2.關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略，但若關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語，且介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，不能省略，如：I'llneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記與你共度的時(shí)光。（可省略）I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichwemeteachother.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們初次見面那一天。（不可?。┒?、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系作用詞先行例句詞when狀語時(shí)間I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetyouforthefirsttime.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記初次見你的那一天。where狀語地點(diǎn)Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.這就是我們住了五年的地方。why狀語原因Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.我不知道彳也遲到的原因。注意：與關(guān)系代詞不同，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，狀語并不是句子必須成分，所以即使沒有關(guān)系副詞，從句的內(nèi)容也完整。這是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞最大的不同，也是我們選題的關(guān)鍵。同時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞大多可以拆分成介詞+which的形式，如：ThisisthehousewhereLuxunoncelived.=ThisisthehouseinwhichLuxunoncelived.這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。一、重難點(diǎn)：定語從句考查形式比較單一，單選一般考關(guān)系詞的選擇，按照上表，我們很容易根據(jù)先行詞判斷出關(guān)系詞選誰最合適。高中會(huì)系統(tǒng)講解定語從句，所以我們在初中階段還要了解從句中的各個(gè)成

分，為之后的學(xué)習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。二、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn):前文我們提到若先行詞為物，關(guān)系詞可以用that或which，而且大多數(shù)可以互換。但以下幾種情況，必須用that引導(dǎo)定語從句：.先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等，如：AllthatwehavetodoistopracticeEnglish.我們要做的事情就是去練習(xí)英語。.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，如：ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekept.我收到他的第一封信將會(huì)被保存起來。.先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾，如：I'veeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.我把你給我的所有事物都吃光了。.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)，如：HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.他是我唯一想與之交談的人。.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，如：Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.他們談?wù)摿怂麄円姷降娜撕褪?。?jīng)典模題題模一：關(guān)系代詞例1.1.1---Whatshallwedonext?---TaketheadviceisgivenbyDr.Bloch.---TaketheadviceisgivenbyDr.Bloch.B.whichB.whichC.whoseD.whom例1.1.2ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplaceI'veevervisited.A.who B.when C.that D.where例1.1.3完成句子.你有什么要對自己說的嗎？Doyouhaveyouwanttosayforyourself?.這是我父親曾經(jīng)住過的房子。Thisisahouseinmyfatheroncelived.題模二：關(guān)系副詞例1.2.1ThisistheprimaryschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago.A. where B. when C. that D. which例1.2.2DoyourememberthedayswespentinSanya?A. when B. that C. what D. where例1.2.3完成句子你知道他缺席的原因嗎？Doyouknowthereasonheisabsent?真題在線一、選擇正確的答案。()1.(2018，安順)一OnlyYouisaTVprogramispopularwithmostyoungpeople.一Yes,itisdefinitelytrue.A.that B.whose C.what D.who( )2.(2018，黃岡，導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)2283153)—Class,youshouldbethankfultothosepeoplehelpedandsupportedyou.—Wewill,MissChen.which B.whom C.who D.whose( )3.(2018，隨州)一Whatareyoulookingfor?一I'mlookingforthedictionaryyoulentmelastweek.A.who B.what C.that D.when( )4.(2018，蘭州，導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)2283153)1likethecitythepeoplearereallykindandfriendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who( )5.(原創(chuàng))Myunclewenttohishometownyesterdayandvisitedtheoldhousehewasbornin.A.which B.where C.what D.it()6.(原創(chuàng))ThisisthebestmovieIhavewatched.who B.which C.that D.whose( )13.(原創(chuàng))Wewillneverforgetthepeoplehelpusalotinlife.A.whose B.when C.which D.who二.根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞填空。—Ireallydon,tknowIcanimprovemyEnglishquickly.—Ithinkspeakingmoreisagoodway.—Couldyoutellmeyougetupearlyeverymorning?—Sure,Ihavetocatchtheschoolbus.—We/llholdapizzapartynextSunday.Iwonderwillbeinvited.—Afamoussinger.Youaretalentedyoungadultsarefullofhopeforthefuture.Sheoftenparkshercarnearthehouseshecaneasilygetto.