高考英語閱讀方法：議論文

高考英語閱讀方法：爭論文

高考英語閱讀方法：爭論文

導(dǎo)語：閱讀爭論文我們要抓住論題、抓住提出的觀點、給出的例證及最終得出的結(jié)論。下面就由為大家介紹高考英語閱讀方法：爭論文，大家一起去學(xué)習吧！

爭論文的閱讀方法

爭論文也就是說理性的文章，一般由論點、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。爭論文都要提出論題、觀點、供應(yīng)充分的證（evidence），運用肯定的邏輯方法證明觀點或得出結(jié)論。

閱讀爭論文我們要抓住論題、抓住提出的觀點、給出的例證及最終得出的結(jié)論。抓住了論題、抓住了觀點，我們就把握了中心，再結(jié)合作為論據(jù)的.諸多事例和理由之間以及它們和觀點/結(jié)論之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，我們就能理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，閱讀爭論文的關(guān)鍵是：抓論題、抓觀點。

看看下面一篇例文：

（05江蘇卷E段）

Thetwentiethcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybeforechangesforthebetter,changesfortheworse,changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeings,changesthatputmanindanger.Manythingscausedthechanges,but,inmyopinion,themostimportantwastheprogressinscience.

Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse,ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.Technologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflife.

Thecontinuationofsuchactivitiesinthetwenty-firstcenturywillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings:inpurescience—awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning;inappliedscience—amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefits,andbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.

Sadly,however,thereisanothersidetothepicture.Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind．Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.Wehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweapons,AlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWar,thenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenused,theresultcouldhavebeentheruinofthehumanrace,aswellasofmanykindsofanimals.

WilliamShakespearesaid．“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（紗線）,goodandilltogether.“Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities—scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaid．Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?

解析：在第一段提出論題：Theprogressinsciencecausedthechangesinthetwentiethcentury.接下來，其次、三段提出論據(jù)：Theprogressinsciencehasbroughtusadvantagesandthecontinuationoftheprogresswillsurelyresultinevengreateradvantages.第四段從另一方面提出論據(jù)：Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind．再接下來，按行文結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)當作出結(jié)論，但在第五段并沒有干脆說出不言自明的結(jié)論（Weshouldseparatethegoodfromtheill.），而是用了幾個問句：Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?這樣可引起讀者對結(jié)論的深化思索，引起讀者的重視。

看看下面的理解題：

72．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

73．Fromthefourthparagraph,wecaninferthat.

A．a(chǎn)greatmanynuclearweaponswereactuallyusedforwar

B．a(chǎn)largenumberofnuclearweaponsshouldhavebeenusedforwar

C．theauthorisdoubtfulabouttheruinofhumanbeingsbynuclearweapons

D．theauthorisanxiousaboutthehugenumberofnuclearweaponsontheearth

74．Theunderlinedword“mingled”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A．simpleB．mixedC．sadD．happy

75．Whatdoyouthinktheauthorismostlikelytosuggestifhecontinuestowrite?

A．Furtherapplicationofsciencetowar.

B．MorereadingofWilliamShakespeare.

C．Properuseofscienceinthenewcentury.

D．Effectivewaystoseparatethegoodfromtheill.

（參考答案：ADBD）

（05北京卷C篇）

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－isfairandrespectful?

Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats(棲息地).Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

Zoosclaim(聲稱)toeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies(物種),butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange(分布區(qū)).Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.

Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusuallyandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.

Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered．Captivebreeding(圈養(yǎng)繁殖)ofendangeredbigcats.Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewilD．Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?

Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

64．Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifeinzoos?

A．Dangerous.B．Unhappy.C．Natural.D．Easy.

65．Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.

A．remainincagesB．behavestrangely

C．a(chǎn)ttackotheranimalsD．enjoymovingaround

66．Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?

A．Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.

B．Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.

C．Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.

D．Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.

67．Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_________.

A．pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdo

B．usingevidencehehascollectedatzoos

C．questioningthewayanimalsareprotected

D．discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats

68．Althoughhearguesagainstzoos,theauthorwouldstillagreethat__________.

A．zooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcages

B．mostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspecies

C．someendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoos

D．it’sacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats

（04上海卷C篇）

Weareallinterestedinequality,butwhilesomepeopletrytoprotecttheschoolandexaminationsysteminthenameofequality,other,stillinthenameofequality,wantonlytodestroyit.

Anysocietywhichisinterestedinequalityofopportunityandstandardsofachievementmustregularlytestitspupils.Thestandardsmaybechanged—noexaminationisperfect—buttohavetotestsorexaminationswouldmeantheendofequalityandofstandards.Therearegroupsofpeoplewhoopposethisviewandwhodonotbelieveeitherinexaminationsorinanycontrolsinschooloronteachers.Thiswouldmeanthateverythingwoulddependonlucksinceeverypupilwoulddependontheefficiency,thevaluesandthepurposeofeachteacher.

Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem—aformoffavouritismwillreplaceequality.Atthemoment,thebrightchildfromanill—respectedschoolcanshowcertificatestoproveheorsheissuitableforajob,whilethelakeofcertificateindicatestheunsuitabilityofadullchildattendingawell—respectedschool.Thisdefendofexcellenceandopportunitywoulddisappearifexaminationsweretakenaway,andthebrightchildformapoorfamilywouldbeaprisonerofhisorherschool’sreputation,unabletocompeteforemploymentwiththechildfromthefavouredschool.

Theopponentsoftheexaminationsystemsuggestthatexaminationsareanevilforcebecausetheyshowdifferencesbetweenpupils.Accordingtothesepeople,theremustbenospecial,different,academicclass.Theyhaveevensuggestedthatthereshouldbenoformofdifferenceinsportoranyotherarea:alljobsorpostsshouldbefilledbyunsystematicselection.Theselectionwouldbemadebypeoplewhothemselvesareprobablyselectedbysomecomputer.

82．Theword“favouritism”inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat________.

A．brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatesgogetsatisfyingjobs.

B．childrenfromwell—respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjob