押上海卷31-40題 選詞填空（原卷版）

押上海卷31-40題選詞填空

【題型解讀】上海英語高考卷的詞匯部分以語篇的形式呈現(xiàn)，考核學生在語境中正確理解和運用詞匯的能力，即考查考生對篇章上下文的理解能力和使用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。其題目的設(shè)置為10道空白處，要求考生從所提供的有11個單詞構(gòu)成的詞庫里選出最合適的詞分別填入各空白處，使短文意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整，通順得體。每個單詞只能選一次。這11個詞均為實義詞而非功能詞，即考查的范圍并不包含介詞、冠詞等虛詞，而只對名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞進行考查。在這11個詞中有1個單詞為干擾項。選詞填空在命題方面具有以下特點∶◆選詞填空中的設(shè)空比較均勻，基本覆蓋全文?！?/p>

語篇第一句一般是對全文的概括或提示，為確保其完整性，且有助于學生對文章內(nèi)容的理解，通常不設(shè)空?！粼~匯考查點分配合理，相互干擾?！粼摬糠肿⒅乜疾樵~匯的詞義（meaning）及其使用（use）。近幾年高考尤其注重考查詞匯的隱含意思、詞語的搭配、意義關(guān)聯(lián)及貼切性。一詞多義和一詞多性往往是考查難點?！艚x詞或同義詞的辨析不列入考查范圍?！暨x項中的詞匯都為考綱詞匯，或加上前綴、后綴而成的衍生詞匯?！敬痤}點津】選詞填空雖然不以語法為考點，但是因為所選擇的單詞不需要在時態(tài)和語態(tài)等語法方面進行轉(zhuǎn)換，所以解題時對一些語法現(xiàn)象加以利用往往會達到事半功倍的效果。解題時我們可以利用語法知識和詞性判斷逐漸縮小詞庫中詞匯的選擇范圍。另外，該題型所提供的選項里，除了純干擾項外，各選項之間也互相干擾，一個空白處的誤填會引起連鎖反應(yīng)，造成其它空白處的錯誤?！窘忸}步驟】

1、標注選項，了解詞義快速瀏覽11個選項詞匯，簡單標注其詞性(n./v./a./ad.)，了解各詞的含義,值得注意的是遇到有些不止一種詞性的詞匯時，需將其詞性都標注出來，方便答題時參考。2、通讀全文，了解大意用較快的速度瀏覽全文，尤其各個自然段的段首，了解文章主旨大意，為之后尋找正確答案打下鋪墊。3、尋找線索,先易后難在了解語篇主旨的情況下，結(jié)合上下文語境，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)線索選擇詞匯。該環(huán)節(jié)不需要一氣呵成，應(yīng)簡到難，逐步縮小選擇范圍的順序進行。4、重讀全文,核實答案重讀全文指將自己選擇的詞匯代入原文后的快速瀏覽，以確保上下文的邏輯通暢，句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語法正確，詞語搭配恰當。1．【2023年6月上海英語高考真題】A.unworkableB.indicativeC.polarD.promisingE.quantityF.requestsG.contentH.visionI.evaluatingJ.unmetK.subscribingBrainstormingisacreativeprocessthatcanhelpgeneratenewandinnovativeideastosolvecomplexproblems.Itinvolvesbringingtogetherindividualsfromdiversebackgroundsandperspectivestosharetheirideasfreelyandbuilduponeachother'scontributions.However,tomakethemostofthisprocess,itisimportanttocreateanenvironmentthatencouragesactiveparticipationandcollaboration.Herearesomekeyprinciplestokeepinmindwhenconductingabrainstormingsession.Firstly,itisimportanttohaveaclearvisionorgoalforthebrainstormingsession.Thiswillhelpguidethediscussionandensurethatallideasgeneratedarerelevanttothetopicathand.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtosharetheirthoughtsandideasfreely,withoutfearofjudgmentorcriticism.By(31)________toeachother'sideas,individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheproblem.When(32)________thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession,itisimportanttoconsiderboththequantityandthe(33)________.Whileahighquantityofideascanbebeneficial,itismoreimportanttofocusonthequalityoftheideasandhowwelltheyalignwiththegroup'ssharedvision.Ideasthatare(34)________orirrelevanttothegroup'sgoalsshouldbediscardedinfavorofthosethataremore(35)________.Itisalsoimportanttohonor(36)________formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea.Thiscanhelpthegroupbetterevaluatetheideaanddeterminewhetheritalignswiththeirsharedvision.Ifanideaisdeemedunworkableorneedsare(37)________comprehensively,itisimportanttorecognizethisandmoveontootherideasthatmaybemorefeasible.Inadditiontoevaluatingthequalityofideas,itisimportanttoconsiderthecontentofthediscussion.Thebrainstormingsessionshouldbefocusedongeneratingnewideasandsolutions.ratherthanrehashingoldones.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtothinkcreativelyandoutsidethebox,andtoavoidgettingboggeddowninthedetails.The(38)________ofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsessioncanalsobeanimportantfactortoconsider.Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofasuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtogenerateasmanyideasaspossible,withoutworryingaboutwhethertheyarepracticalorfeasible.Ultimately,thesuccessofabrainstormingsessiondependsonthegroup'sabilitytoworktogethertowardsashared(39)________.Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.Brainstormingisapowerfultoolthatcanhelpusovercomethe(40)________thatplaguesoursociety,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture.2．【2022年7月上海英語高考真題】ApursuitsB.interestsC.comparableD.innovationE.scheduleF.optionsG.realizationHroutesI.subjectsJ.recipesK.motivatedCreativityIsaHumanQualityThatExistsinUSWhenyouthinkaboutcreativity,itmightbehighlycreativepeoplelikeMozart,daVinciorEinsteinwhospringtomind.Theywereallconsideredtobe"Geniuses”fortheirsomewhatuniquetalentsthatledtoglobal(31)______intheirfields.Theirtypeofcreativityiswhat'sknownas"BigCcreativity”(orhistorical)andisnotverycommonineverydaylife.Notallofuscancreateworksofartormusicorscientifictheoriesthatarenewtotheworld.Butwhilewecan’tallbeMozart,daVinciorEinstein,manypeopledoenjoycreativeactivitythroughhobbiessuchaswatercolourpaintingorplayingthepiano.Andthesetypesof(32)______areoftenwhatpeoplethinkofwhenaskedwhatbeingcreativelookslike.Ourfinishedpiecesmaynotbe(33)_______withthelikesofthegreatmasters,butoftentheprocessistherapeuticandtheendresultcanbeaestheticallypleasing.Ontopofhobbiesand(34)_______,weallpossesscreativeattributesthatcanhelpaswesolvelife'sproblemsandmakedecisions.Itisthistypeofcreativitythatenablesustoplandifferent(35)_________togettothesamedestination,orhowtofitinatriptothesupermarketwhenour(36)________looksfull.Itmightnotsoundverycreative,butthisaspectofcreativityreliesonourabilitytoconsider(37)________andassesstheirsuitability,aswellashowtomakedecisionsbasedonpersonalpriorexperienceorwhatwehavelearntformallyorinformally.Theseexamplesareknownas"SmallCcreativity”or“personaleverydaycreativity.WhileBigCcreativityisvaluedandcelebrated,ItisoftenSmallCcreativitythathasallowedhumanstoflourishoverthousandsofyears.itsetsusapartfromotheranimalsanditisalsothetypeofcreativitywhichcanbefosteredthroughoureducationsystemandbeyondintotheworkplace.Traditionally,researchtellsusthatcreativityhasbeenlargelyassociatedwiththearts.Ourpreviousresearchhasshownthatteachersareoftenabletogiveexamplesofcreativeactivityinarts(38)________,butfindithardertodosowhenaskedtodescribecreativityinsubjectssuchasscience.Butthereisagrowing(39)_______thatopportunitiestobecreativearefoundacrossabroaderrangeofsubjects.Forinstance,engineeringprovidesopportunitiestobecreativethroughproblemsolving.andhistorygivestheopportunitytothinkcreativelyaboutwhyeventshappened,andwhat(40)________thoseinvolved.

【題型解讀】上海高考英語中的十一選十是考查詞匯掌握及應(yīng)用的一種題型。它主要有以下特點：1.文章不會太長，多數(shù)在500詞以內(nèi)；2.第一句是主題句且不設(shè)空；3.每隔15-30詞有一個空，共10空；4.方框中詞匯有一定難度，文章略低于閱讀理解難度。【選詞填空的考點】1.詞匯方面，以實詞為主，考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞四種詞性；2.語法方面，考查詞性之間的關(guān)系和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力；3.邏輯方面，考查上下文聯(lián)系以及對文章的理解?！静襟E詳解】第一步：整理選項（classifytheoptions）根據(jù)詞性把每個單詞分類歸納，標出詞性?？疾斓乃念愒~性中，名詞多做主賓；動詞做謂語，形容詞做定表，副詞做狀語。副詞個數(shù)最少，不會超過兩個，其他詞性平均出現(xiàn)三次，有兩個的，也有四個的。標注詞性時要注意：1.不認識的單詞不要慌張，分析前后綴，或舉例替換（oversee聯(lián)想overuse）；值得一提的是，?？蓟蛘骖}中出現(xiàn)過考綱之外的“生詞”，這些詞很眼熟，因為它是利用了構(gòu)詞法（多為前后綴派生法）知識衍生出來的，構(gòu)詞法我們學過，多分析詞性不難判斷其含義。2.注意多重詞性的詞，比如feature、concern、experience等。3.動詞的歸類要繼續(xù)細分為動詞（包括過去式和三單一形式）、分詞和動名詞，因為一個空處，如果可以填動詞，但是填具體哪種形式則需要我們根據(jù)語法去進一步判斷；這里尤為值得注意的是：v-ed和v-ing極有可能是分詞轉(zhuǎn)換成的形容詞，對于這類臥底詞，千萬留意。比如acquire這個詞在academicskillsheacquired和newlyacquiredskills中，前后截然不同。這時就要把它一律看成動詞（包括上述的三小類），再根據(jù)是否缺失形容詞去斷定選項。4.如果選項中出現(xiàn)一組近義詞或反義詞，要結(jié)合上下文先試填，細細揣摩文意再敲定答案。因為這里面有一個是干擾項，它注重考查的是詞匯的精確理解，要求考生分析清楚其細微的區(qū)別。第二步：通讀全文，選詞填空用較快速度，沉著冷靜地逐詞逐句去讀，一遍下來至少理解90%的內(nèi)容。選詞填空的選項詞義互不關(guān)聯(lián)，詞性也不同，而且還有干擾項，所以一定要先了解文章大意，帶著文章脈絡(luò)去找選項。讀的時候設(shè)空處前后的詞重點留意，這對確定動詞的具體形式，或根據(jù)相關(guān)詞找固定搭配極為重要。提醒：通讀就是根據(jù)首段原則以及首末句原則，迅速抓住文章的主題。判斷主題對篇章的整體理解把握具有極大的作用。如何判定原文空缺處所需單詞的詞性？1.動詞的確定：一個簡單句有且只有一處謂語動詞，一個完整的句子出現(xiàn)之后再跟逗號，后面的動詞一般就是非謂語動詞形式了。判斷動詞時，可以從謂語和非謂語進行區(qū)分；如果是謂語，結(jié)合主謂一、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、固定搭配及詞義去辨析，縮小范圍。a.前后都是名詞性或名詞短語，中間一般是動詞,時態(tài)確定看前后文；b.空格前是名詞或代詞，后面沒有賓語，填不及物動詞（定從中除外）；c.空格前是名詞或代詞，后面是副詞或介詞，空格處填不及物動詞并與后面的介詞構(gòu)成固定搭配；d.注意不定時符號to后跟動詞原形，介詞to后跟名詞或動名詞；e.情態(tài)動詞后面跟動詞原形；f.空格前面是系動詞,后跟形容詞（可以是形容詞化的分詞）。

2.名詞的確定：名詞主要做主語賓語，有時也做定語；a.形容詞后或名詞后可以出現(xiàn)名詞；b.限定詞之后（尤其是三類前位限定詞：冠詞、指示代詞、形物代，其后必有名詞）；c.謂語之前必有名詞或相當于名詞的主語（祈使句除外）；d.介詞之后必有名詞或相當于名詞的詞；

3.形容詞的確定：形容詞，這里也可以包括形容詞化的分詞，通常作定語或表語，位置比較靈活，具體如下：a.名詞的前面或后面；b.副詞的前后；c.系動詞后面。4.副詞的確定：a.動詞的附近；b.形容詞附近；c.句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺成分時。1.根據(jù)固定搭配或語感，積極主動發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失信息然后正確進行匹配固定搭配：在選詞填空中，既有固定搭配包括動介，形介，動副等，也包括很常見的約定俗成的搭配，比如漢語中常說“學習知識”，在英語中不說“l(fā)earnknowledge”,而是“acquireknowledge”,還比如，交通擁擠常表述成“heavytraffic”。這些文化差異很多，需要認真領(lǐng)會；對于空后是介詞的，一般往固定搭配上考慮。所謂語感，就是對語言的感覺，它是在平時的學習和閱讀中形成的一種潛移默化的語言能力，有時無法解釋，卻冥冥之中認為這就是正確答案。語感的培養(yǎng)需要大量的源信息輸入，我們強調(diào)多閱讀，就是為了培養(yǎng)好的語感。2.理清復雜句或上下文的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，進行解題對復雜句的分析能夠幫助我們對句子更好的把握。復雜句好比是一顆枝繁葉茂的大樹，復雜句的分析，主要是“砍成分”，把細枝末葉的修飾成分（主要是定語和狀語或各類從句）統(tǒng)統(tǒng)砍掉，留下主干，句子結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然，然后再把砍掉的成分一一長回去，心中就有數(shù)了。這時，就會清楚地確定空格處所填詞性。上下文邏輯關(guān)系也會對答案產(chǎn)生影響，既要注意形式上的邏輯關(guān)系，又要究明意義上的因果關(guān)系。形式上的邏輯關(guān)系就是常說的因果、讓步、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折等；而意義上的邏輯關(guān)系就是以語篇表達的意思為線索，前后文中，意義上存在哪些關(guān)系。比如說，描述一個人的心情變化，心情好時，用的是積極詞匯，反之亦然；當然，形式和意義之間存在緊密聯(lián)系，不能割裂開來。第三步：復讀全文，謹慎調(diào)整，確定答案填空完成后，再次復讀，自我感覺上下文是否通順，邏輯關(guān)系是否連貫。【2024·寶山區(qū)·二?！緼.processB.impactingC.appearanceD.linkedE.assessmentF.costlyG.crucialH.highlyI.legalJ.pauseK.marketed【2024·崇明區(qū)·二?！緼.activateB.amountedC.comparedD.energeticE.guidelinesF.identifyG.imageH.influencedI.respectsJ.reviewK.substantialExerciseCanHelpPreventDepression,StudyFindsHowoftendoyouexercise?Anew31fromresearchersattheUniversityofCambridgeshowsthatthosewhoexercisearelesslikelytodevelopdepression,eveniftheyexerciselessthantherecommendedamount.TheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesrecommendsthatadultsengagein2.5to5hoursofmoderateactivityperweekoronehourand15minutesto2.5hoursof32aerobic(有氧的)exerciseperweekorsomecombinationofthetwo.Adultswhotookawalkforwhat33to2.5hoursperweekwerelesslikelytodevelopdepressionthanthosewhodidn’texerciseatall,thestudyfound.Buteventhosewhoexercisedlessfeltbetterthanthosewhodidn’texerciseatall,accordingtoresearchers.“Inthisstudy,arelativelysmallamountofphysicalactivitywereassociatedwitha(n)34decreaseinrisksofdepression,”thestudysays.Theresearchersanalyzed15studieswithnearly200,000participants.Thosewhodidabouthalftherecommendedamountofphysicalactivityperweekhadan18%lowerriskofdepression35withadultswhodidnotexercise,thestudysays.Participantswhoexercisedtherecommendedamounthada25%lowerriskofdepressionthanthosewhodidnot.Exercisingmorethantherecommendedamounthardly36depressionrisk,accordingtoresearchers.Many37ofexercisecanleadtoimprovedmentalhealth.Forexample,workingoutcanincreasecirculation(血液循環(huán))tothebrainand38thecentralnervoussystem,leadingtowhatmanyrefertoasa“runnershigh,”thestudysays.Moreexercisecanalsoleadtoimprovedphysicalhealthandabetterbody39,whichcancauseapersontobemoresocial,researcherssay.Nearly5%ofadultsintheU.S.reportregularfeelingsofdepression,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Amongthestudyparticipants,researchersestimatethat1inevery9casesofdepressionmighthavebeenpreventedhadeveryonemetrecommendedexercise40,thestudysays.【2024·虹口區(qū)·二模】ScienceinImagesOystermushroomsfeatureincuisinesaroundtheworld,buttheyshouldbeoffthemenuforhungryworms--whichthesedeliciousmushroomswillkillandeat.Nowresearchersfinallyknowhowtheydoit.AstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesdetailshowoystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreezeandgetridofmushroom-eatingroundwormscallednematodes(線蟲).Themushrooms,whichgrowonnutrient-poordeadwood,then31thewormsfornutrition.“Nematodeshappentobethemost32animalsthesemushroomsencounter.SoIthink,33,thiscross-kingdominteractionisveryinteresting,”saysstudyseniorauthor.Thestudyteamofgeneticists,biochemistsandbiologistshadpreviouslyfoundthatoystermushroomsreleaseanunidentifiedpoisonoussubstancethatwillsomehow34thewormswithinminutesandcauseachemicalelementtoflowintotheircells,killingthem.This35differsfromthoseusedbyothermeat-eatingmushroomsandcouldbeuniquetooystermushrooms.Fortheirnewwork,theresearchersgrewandanalyzedsamplesofthemushroom’stissue,findingnonoticeablepoisonevenwhentheybrokeitup.Theyreasonedthatwhateverwaskillingthewormsmustbeakindof36compoundthatdisappearsintoairwhendisturbed.Whentheydamagedtheoystermushroomtissueagainand37analyzedthenearbyair,theyfinallyfoundanervegasthatturnedouttobecontainedwithtiny,special-shapedstructuresonthemushroomsurface.Whennematodestouchthemushrooms,thesestructures38theirgas,disturbingtheworms’cellwallstocauseimmobilityanddeath.Thewormisthendigestedbythemushrooms.Beforethisstudy,“weunderestimatedthe39towhichwildmushroomsdefendagainstorconsumenematodes,”notesNickTalbot,ageneticistatSainsburyLaboratoryinNorwich,England.Thestudydemonstrates“avery40approach,”headds.“Theseorganismsarereallydifficulttoworkon,andDr.Hsuehisshowingthatyoucandosomereallyamazingworkwiththem.”【2024·金山區(qū)·二?！緼.actuallyB.amazedC.breathtakingD.criticsE.graduallyF.prizeG.reflectionH.releaseI.solidJ.standardizeK.switchedWillAIallowhumanstoplayapart?Rebeccausedtohavearegularjob,translatingafashionbrand’swebsiteintoGerman.Onedayabigchangehappened.Thecompany(31)______tousingmachinetranslation.Shekeptthejob,anditstillpaidthebills;however,shewasnowtheretocheckand(32)______whateverwasproducedbythecomputer.Buttherewasacomplaint.“Whatitmeant,(33)______,wasthatwehumansweretrainingamachine,”shesays.Eachcorrectedcaptionforamid-pricedT-shirt,eachpairofskinnyjeans,wasadatapointfortherobotthatwasgoingtoreplaceher.Withthe(34)______ofchatprogramsthatcanimitatehumans,theworldisnowbeginningtoconsiderwhatthecomingofartificialintelligencemeans.Whatwillitdoforourjobsifmanyonce(35)______professions—law,accountancy,medicine—disappear?Whatdoesitmeantobeahumanwhenthethingthathumansmost(36)______—intelligence—hasbecomethecheapestproductontheplanet?Translators,forgoodandill,don’thavetowonder.“Youcantaketheworldoftranslatorsandinterpretersasa(37)______oftheworld,”saysNickiBone,chairwomanoftheboardoftheInstituteofTranslatingandInterpreting.Notallofthemareadjusting.“Ofcourse,wehaveour(38)______,”butsheadds,“Therearealsoopportunities,andoptimists.”Thespeedofchange,though,hasbeen(39)______.Increasingly,saysBone,sheandhercolleaguesareactingaseditorsofamachine’sfirstpass,ratherthantranslatorsoftherawmaterial.Forsome,that’sfine.“Peoplewillsay,‘OK,insteadofworkingatonerateforthisnumberofwordsperhour,I’mworkingatmanymorewordsperhour,butforamuchlowerrate.’Somearehappytotakeon.Somewon’t,asamatterofprinciple.”Asweare(40)______atChatGPTanditsgreatabilitytoimitatehumanwriting,translatorsare,comparedwiththerestoftheprofessions,sensitive.Anyway,thistechnologyisheretostay.【2024·閔行區(qū)·二?！縞ontrastinstructedconcentratingpotentialE.touchingplayedbetterspecializedspotfollowtracingUnfamiliarMusicMayHelpPeopleChatatPartiesIfyouwantyourgueststobeparticularlysociableatanupcomingparty,makesureyouplaymusictheyprobablyhaven’theardbefore.Toexplorehowbackgroundmusicaffectsthewaywe31conversations,researchersJaneBrownandGavinBidelmanconductedastudyanalyzingthebrainactivityof31individualsaged21and33.Duringtheexperiment,participantslistenedto72minutesofanaudiobook(有聲讀物),whichthepairusedasareplacementfor32onsomeonetalking,whilebackgroundmusicwasaccompaniedbytheaudiobookformostofthetime.Forhalfoftheexperiment,theparticipantswereaskedtofocuson2-minutepartsofanunfamiliaraudiobookreadbyaman.Therestofthetime,theyweretoldtofocusonfourbackgroundsongs,whichweresimilarly33for2minutesatatime.This34invoicesaimedtoassessparticipants’abilitytoshiftattentionbetweentwodistinctlydifferentvoices.Duringtheexperiment,alltheparticipantswore35capstomonitortheelectricalactivitytakingplaceintheirbrains.This36ofelectricalactivitywasthekey.ItallowedBrownandBidelmantodiscoverhowefficientlytheseindividualscouldfocusoneithertheaudiobookorthemusicwhen37todoso.Thefindingrevealedthattheparticipantscould38turntheirattentiontotheaudiobookifthebackgroundmusicwasunfamiliartothem.Followingthetask,theparticipantscompletedamusicperceptionsurveyevaluatingtheirmusicalskills,suchasthecapacityto39whetherapairofsimilar-soundingtunesarethesame.Notably,thosewithlowermusicalscoresdemonstratedslowerattentionalshiftsbetweensongsandaudiobooks,suggestinga(n)40linkbetweenmusicalabilityandattentionmanagementskills.【2024·浦東新區(qū)·二?！緼.backfireB.compensateC.extendD.impressiveE.meaningfulF.measureG.needle H.overallI.perceive J.punishmentK.typicallyWhyYouShouldn’tExercisetoLoseWeightManyofusarelacingupoursneakersandstarting(orrestarting)exerciseregimens(練身計劃)inhopesofsheddingunwantedpounds.Unquestionably,aimingtobemoreactiveisgood.Butifthemainreasonistoloseweight,yourNewYear’sresolutioncouldverywell__31__.Forstarters,exercise—atleastthekindmostofusdo—is__32__ineffectiveforweightloss.Takewalking,forexample.A150-poundpersonwhowalksbrisklyfor30minuteswillburn,onaverage,around140calories.That’sequaltoonecanofsoda—notexactlyagreatreturnonyourinvestmentoftimeandeffort.It’smucheasierjusttoskipthesoda.Studies__33__showthatdoingmoderate-intensityaerobicexercisesuchaswalkingfor30minutesaday,fivedaysaweek—theamountrecommendedforgoodhealth—typicallyproduceslittleornoweightlossbyitself.Whenmoderateexerciseisaddedtodiet,theresultsareequallynot__34__.Poolingdatafromsixtrials,researchersfoundthatacombinationofdietandexercisegeneratednogreaterweightlossthandietaloneaftersixmonths.Instudieswhereexercisehasproduced__35__weightloss,participantsburnedatleast400to500caloriespersessiononfiveormoredaysaweek.Toachievethat,sessionsneedtogowellbeyondwhatmostofusarewillingorabletodo.Andevenifwemanagetoexertthatmucheffort,ourbodiesoften__36__byboostingappetiteanddialingdownmetabolism,effectsthatovertimelimithowmanypoundsweshed.Perhapsthebiggestproblemwithexercisingtodroppoundsisthatitturnsphysicalactivityinto__37__.Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay(orsaidyourself)“I’llneedtodoextraexercise”aftereatingtoomuchduringtheholidaysoratacelebratorydinner?Thepointisthatwe’remorelikelyto__38__exercisepositivelyandactuallydoitwhenwefocusonourwell-beingratherthanourweight.Theincentivemaybeanimprovedmoodorlessstress.Othersmayfindthatexercisemakesthemfeelphysicallyandmentallystronger.Ofcourse,thebenefitsofphysicalactivity__39__wellbeyondthese.It’sbeenshowntoreducetheriskofmultiplediseases.Itcanalsoimprovesleepandboostenergy.Byallmeans,strivingtoexerciseregularlyinthenewyearisperhapsthemostimportantthingyoucandoforyourhealth.Buttoimprovetheoddsofsuccess,focusonhowmovementhelpsyoufeelbetterphysicallyandemotionally—andforgetabouthowitmovesthe__40__onthescale.【2024·普陀區(qū)·二?！緼.empowersB.termedC.interactionD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingANewEraofCreativePartnershipsInanewpaperina

NatureHumanBehavior

specialissueonAI,

researcherJanetRafnerfromAarhusInstituteofAdvancedStudiesandCenterforHybridIntelligenceatAarhusUniversityandProf.JacobSherson,directoroftheCenterforHybridIntelligence,togetherwithinternationalpartners,discussresearchandsocietal(31)______ofcreativityandAI.Theteamofresearchersarguethatweshoulddirectourattentiontounderstandinganddevelopingco-creativity,theinteractionbetweenhumansandmachinestowardswhatis(32)______ahuman-centeredAIandhybridintelligence.Inthiswaywewillbeabletodevelopinterfaces(界面)thatatthesametimeensurebothhighdegreesofautomatizationthroughAI

and

humancontrolandherebysupportingarelationshipthatbest(33)______eachother.Rafnercomments:Todate,moststudiesonhuman-AIco-creativitycomefromthefieldofhuman-computer(34)______andfocusontheabilitiesoftheAI,andtheinteractiondesignanddynamics.Whilethese(35)______arekeyforunderstandingthedynamicsbetweenhumansandalgorithms(算法)andhumanattitudestowardstheco-creativeprocessandproduct,thereisanurgentneedtoenrichtheseapplicationswiththeinsightsaboutcreativity(36)______overthepastdecadesinthepsychologicalsciences.“Rightnow,weneedtomovetheconversationawayfromquestionslikeCanAIbecreative?Onereasonforthisisthat(37)______creativityisnotsetinstone.Wheninvestigatinghumanonly,machineonly,andhuman-AIco-creativity,weneedtoconsiderthetypeandlevelofcreativityunder(38)______,fromeverydaycreativeactivitiesthatareperhapsmoresuitabletomachineautomatizationtocontributionsthatmayrequirehigher-levelhumanintervention;(39)______,itismuchmoremeaningfultoconsidersomequestionslike,whatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesinhumancognition,behavior,motivationandself-efficacy(自我效能)betweenhuman-AIco-creativityandhumancreativity?”explainsRafner.We,(40)______,don’t