2024年河北中考英語賓語從句精講練

賓語從句(一)什么是賓語賓語是動作的對象或承受者，常位于及物動詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句等來擔任。(二)賓語從句的定義賓語從句是主從復合句的一種。主從復合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的。主句是復合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨立。從句在全句中充當什么成分，就叫什么從句。賓語從句當中的從句在句中作及物動詞（vt.)的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句分為三類：動詞賓語從句，介詞賓語從句和形容詞賓語從句。Iwonderwhenhewille.動賓從句Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.介賓從句Iamnotsurewhetherit’srightornot.形容詞+賓從句(三)賓語從句三要素賓語從句三要素分別是：語序、時態(tài)和連接詞1.賓語從句語序賓語從句均用陳述語序（即正常的主謂語序）：連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分。強調(diào)一下，它的主語和謂語是陳述句的語序，不是疑問句的倒裝語序。Iwonderwhenhewille.特殊情況：當連接詞在從句中擔當主語時，保持原有語序不變。Iwonderwhatisthematterwithhim.連接詞what/who在從句中擔當主語成分，whatiswrongwithit.從句保持原有的特殊疑問句語序不變whoisyourteacher.從句中的主語【例題】I

wonder

________

at

6:00

yesterday

afternoon.

I

was

doing

my

homework

in

the

reading

room

A.

what

were

you

doing

B.

what

did

you

do

C.

what

you

were

doing

D.

what

you

are

doing答案：C2.賓語從句的時態(tài)含賓語從句的復合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應應包括以下三點內(nèi)容：①主現(xiàn)從不限如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應的任何時態(tài)。Idon'tknowwhenhewilleback.我不知道他將何時回來。Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。②主過從過如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時）。⑴主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生，從句用過去進行時或一般過去時ShesaidthatshewasworkingontheInternet. ⑵從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前，從句用過去完成時Hedidn’tknowwhattheyhadeherefor.⑶從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之后，從句用過去將來時Jimtoldmehewouldspendhisholidaysinthesouth.③從現(xiàn)主補限如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.科學家已經(jīng)證明了地球圍繞太陽運轉。OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.我們的老師說一月是一年的第一個月。【例題】1.Wearesurethathe______________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Ourfathersaidthathe________(will)buyanewputer.3.Iheardthathe________(swim)intheseayesterday.4.Iaskedifhe_______(can)hiketothetopofthemountain.答案：willgo;would;swam;could3.賓語從句連接詞 連詞連接代詞pron.連接副詞adv.賓語從句thatwhetherifwho/whom/whose/whoever/whomever/whosever/what/which/whatever/whicheverwhen/where/why/how/howmuch/howlong/howoften…(一)that引導的賓語從句當賓語從句是陳述句時，用連接代詞that引導，that在口語、非正式文體中常被省略。Shesaid(that)shewenttotheparklastweek.她說她上周去了公園。【拓展】that不能省略的情況1.當賓語從句的主語是that時：Hesaysthatthatisamapothecity.他說那是一副城市地圖。2.當賓語從句前有插入語時：Hesays,inhisletter,thathemissesusverymuch.3.當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時：Ican’ttellhimthathisfatherdied.(二)if或whether引導的賓語從句當賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來時，要用連接詞if或whether來引導。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，一般情況下二者可以互換使用。Iwanttoknowif/whetherheiswaitingforme.我想知道他是否在等我?！就卣埂恐荒苡脀hether的情況

①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.

②在介詞后：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.

③與ornot連用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.【例題】—I’mnotsure________ornottherearelivingthingsonotherplanets.—Evenscientistsaren’tsureaboutthat.A.whetherB.whenC.whyD.if答案：A(三)疑問詞引導的賓語從句當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，特殊疑問詞就是引導詞，不可省略，而且賓語從句要用陳述語序，即：疑問詞+主語+謂語+其他。常見的疑問詞：who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whomever/whosever/whatever/whicheverwhen/where/why/how/howmuch/howlong/howoften…IwonderedwhatIshoulddonext.我想知道下一步該做什么。Idon'tknowwhosebookitis.我不知道這是誰的書?！纠}】Ifyoucan'tfindtheplace,Iwillshowyou____.A.whatitisB.whatitwasC.whereitisD.whereitwas答案：C(四)賓語從句的否定前移當賓語從句表示否定意義時，如果主句的主語是第一人稱，謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose，expect等詞時，通常將否定轉移到主句的謂語動詞中。Idon'tbelievehewille.我相信他不會來了。Idon'tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththeradio.我認為這臺收音機沒有毛病?！就卣埂竣佼斮e語從句的否定詞轉移時，若主句的主語是第一人稱，則該句的反意疑問句由從句來決定。Idon'tthinkheisanhonestboy,ishe?我認為他不是一個誠實的孩子，對嗎？②當主句的主語不是第一人稱時，則該句的反意疑問句由主句來決定。Youbelievehewilleheresoon,don'tyou?你相信他很快就會來這兒，對嗎？(五)含有賓語從句的復合句與簡單句的轉換含有賓語從句的復合句在一定的條件下可以轉化為簡單句。1.若主句的主語與從句的主語一致，則由疑問句引導的賓語從句可以變成“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的復合結構。Idon’tknowhowIshoulddoitnext.=Idon’tknowhowtodoitnext.我不知道下一步應該怎樣做。2.當主句的謂語動詞是see,hear,watch等時，其后的that從句常簡化為“賓語+動詞原形/動詞ing形式”。Isawsomeboyswereplayingbasketballontheplaygroundjustnow.=Isawsomeboysplayingbasketballontheplaygroundjustnow.剛才我看到一些男孩正在操場上打籃球。3.當主句的謂語動詞是hope,agree,wish等，且主句的主語與從句的主語一致時，其后以that引導的賓語從句可簡化為動詞不定式結構。HeagreedthathecouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.=HeagreedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.他同意幫我學習英語?！纠}】Hetolduswhere________apicnic.A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.had答案：B(六)賓語從句考點總結1.賓語從句的語序陳述語序2.賓語從句的時態(tài)3.賓語從句的引導詞根據(jù)具體語境和語義來選擇引導詞引導詞的作用例句that本身無意義，只起連接作用，口語中可省略。Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.他說凱特擅長游泳。if/whether意為“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。Iwonderifyouareateacher.我想知道你是否是老師。what,which,whose,whom等連接代詞在從句中作一定的成分，如主語、賓語、定語等。Idon'tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他們打算干什么。Heaskedmewhosebookitwas.他問我這本書是誰的。when(指時間),where(指地點),why(表原因),how(表方式)等連接副詞在從句中作狀語。Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?你能告訴我你來自哪兒嗎？Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他們是怎么找到這個地方的嗎？【例題】將下列句子改為賓語從句。1.Whenwillshee?Doyouknow?_____________________________________________________2.Howdidyoudoitsowell?Canyoutellme?_____________________________________________________3.Doesthewomanliveinthevillage?I'mnotsure._____________________________________________________4.Whywasthetrainlateagain?Ididn'tknow._____________________________________________________答案：Doyouknowwhenshewille?Canyoutellmehowyoudiditsowell?I'mnotsurewhether/ifthewomanlivesinthevillage.Ididn'tknowwhythetrainwaslateagain.練習用that，what,how,if或whether填空1.WangHongtold_______shewascookingat6：00yesterdaymorning.2.Iwonder________Icangetsomeadvicefromyou.3.Idon’tknow_______ornottheywilleforourhelp.4.Ourgeographyteachersaid________theearthgoesaroundthesun.5.Hisfatherisworriedabout________helosthiswork.單項選擇1.I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswonderingyoucouldgowithme.A.if B.when C.that D.where2.Youdon'tknowIwanttoseeyouagain.It'sayearsinceIlastsawyou.A.howsoon B.howlong C.howoften D.howmuch3.Don'twaitforpeopletobefriendly,showthemafriendlypersonyouare.A.what B.how C.when D.where4.ThomaswantstoknowNinalives.A.where B.who C.what D.if5.—Doyouknowthemanwithsunglassesis?—I'mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.who B.what C.where D.how6.—Howlongdoesittaketogettotheairport?—Fortyminutes.Butit'sfoggytoday.I'mnotsurethehighwaywillclosesoon.Let'ssetoffearlier.A.whether B.when C.how D.why7.—Canyoutellmeyouusuallyplayfootball?—Onceaweek.A.howsoon B.howlong C.howoften D.howfar8.IwastoldtomeetMr.Greenattheairport.ButIdon'tknowhewillarrive.A.where B.why C.how D.when9.—DoyouthinkXiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?—Sorry,I'venoidea.A.that B.which C.if D.whether10.IwastoldtomeetMr.Whiteattheairport.ButIdon'tknowhewillarrivealoneorwithsomeoneelse.A.when B.if C.where D.why11.WearegladtohearthattheGreenstoanewflatnextweek.A.moved B.moved C.willmove D.havemoved12.Iaskedyourmotherifshethatdress.A.bought B.hadbought C.hadbuyed D.buy13.Theywonderediftheirteacherthemanotherstorythenextweek.A.wouldtell B.hadtold C.willtell D.told14.Mumsaidthatthelightfasterthanthesound.A.goes B.isgoing C.went D.wouldgo15.—Howcleantheflooristoday!—Oh,yes.Doyouknowwhoit?A.willsweep B.swept C.issweeping D.sweeps16.JennytoldmethatsheanEnglishSpeechContestthenextmonth.A.takespartin B.istakingpartinC.tookpartin D.wouldtakepartin17.Hetoldme.A.theearthranaroundthesun B.theearthrunsaroundthesunC.thesunranaroundtheearth D.thesunrunsaroundtheearth18.—WhatdidYangYingsay?—Shesaidtheyaschooltripthenextweekend.A.willhave B.had C.wouldhave D.have19.Father'sDayising.I'mthinkingabout.A.whatpresentIgavehimB.wherewehadabigmealC.howIwillgivehimasurpriseD.ifIplannedapartyforhim20.Theofficialsaidtheyanewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.A.makes B.wouldmake C.made D.havemade21.—Couldyoutellme?—Ofcourse.A.where'sthereagoodplacetoeatB.wherethere'sagoodplacetoeatC.whereisagoodplacetoeatD.whereagoodplaceistoeat22.—Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?—Yes,Iamstillwondering.A.howisChinesepapercutmadeB.howwastheGreatWallbuiltinancienttimesC.whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondanceD.whydotheChinesepeopleeatricedumplingsatDragonBoatFestival23.Peterwentuptoapolicemanandaskedthenearestpostoffice.A.wherecouldhefind B.wherehecouldfindC.hecouldfindwhere D.hecouldwherefind24.Iwanttoknow.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat25.—Couldyoutellmeinyourhometowninwinter?—Sure.A.whetherdoesitoftensnow B.whetheritoftensnowsC.ifitoftensnow D.ifdoesitsnow26.Byreadingthearticle,weknowhowinourdailylife.A.willweprotecttheearth B.wecanreducepollutionC.shouldwesavewater D.wemustrecyclethings27.Youcan'timaginewhenthepoorpupilsreceivedthesenicepresentsonChildren'sDay.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited28.Ireallywanttoknow.A.whatiswrongwithmybrotherB.howwillhegotoBeijingtomorrowC.ifhadheboughtthatcarD.wheredidhegoyesterday29.Yesterdayareporterasked10studentsatHilltopSchoollastweekend.A.whatdidtheydo B.whatweretheydoing C.whattheydid D.howweretheydoing30.Someofmyfriendsareinterestedinscience,butnoneofthemcantell.A.whydohorsesknowthewayB.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundC.howdoelephantsmunicateD.whenUFOswillappearnexttime31.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasgivensomeadviceontoprotectusfrombeinginfected(感染)withH7N9.A.how B.what C.where D.when32.Themathproblemissohard.Ireallydon'tknow.A.howtodoit B.howtodo C.whattodoit D.howdoit33.—Simon.Ihearyouaregoingabroadforfurtherstudy.Haveyoudecided?—NextSeptember.A.whengoing B.whentogo C.howgoing D.howtogo34.—IoftenchatwithmyfriendsontheInternet.—Youaresosmart!Willyoupleasetellme?A.howtodo B.howtodoitC.howtouse D.whencanIuseit35.Canyoutellme?A.whatdoing B.whentodo C.howtodo D.whattodo36.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme,George?A.whattoworkout B.toworkitoutC.howtoworkitout D.howtoworkoutit37.Wecan'tworkoutthephysicsproblem.Canyoutellus?A.howtodo B.whattodoitC.howtodoit D.whatshouldtodo38.—Idon'tknowtodonext?—It'seasy.Presstheredbuttonin2minutes.A.what B.how C.where D.when39.—Areyougoingtohaveasportsmeetingtomorrow?—Yes,butI'llcallKatetomakesure.A.whytostart B.whentostart C.whattostart D.howtostart40.CanyoutellmeontheInternet?A.howtosearch B.howsearchC.wherecanIsearch D.whencanIsearch用適當?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空。1.MissGreendidn'ttellus________shelivedin2002，butnowshelivesinourschool.2.Canyoutellme________hedidnotturnoffthelightwhenhelefttheclassroom?3.—Doyouremember________hecamehere?—OfcourseIdo.Hisfatherdrovehimhere.4.—I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?—Usuallyitesby4:00.5.—Doyouknow________themanwithsunglassesis?—I'mnotsure.Maybeareporter.6.—Canyoutellme________heboughtthecar?—Abouttwoweeksago.7.—Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Doyouknow________hestaysupsolate?—Inordertopreparefortheingexam.8.Henevertoldus________helivedwith.Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。9.WheredoesAlicelive？(用Idon'tknow改為賓語從句)Idon'tknow________Alice________.10.Whatwillhedotoprotecttheanimals？(用IaskedMike改為賓語從句)Iasked