WeleUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructures句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)課件-高中英語(yǔ)人教版

詞類、句子成分和基本句型初高中銜接---語(yǔ)法奠基篇十大詞類名詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞數(shù)詞冠詞代詞介詞感嘆詞連詞名詞(n.)Obamathingriverhabit動(dòng)詞(v.)動(dòng)詞分類實(shí)義動(dòng)詞無(wú)實(shí)義不及物（vi.）及物（vt.）助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)vs

不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)Iseeabird.Isee.Thejobwillbe

finished.助動(dòng)詞：幫助謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)精確含義。（時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)）Youshouldclosethewindow.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：表示人對(duì)某種行為的情緒和態(tài)度。

（能/可能/應(yīng)該/必須）Lihuaisateacher.系動(dòng)詞：把“事物”和“屬性”聯(lián)系起來(lái)Theleavesturnyellow.Youlooktired.形容詞(adj.)bluesky修飾名詞，表示特征。beautifulgirl副詞(adv.)用來(lái)說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。Isitstill.Iamsocool.Ipushthedoorveryhard.數(shù)詞(num.)onetwothreefour基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量或順序firstsecondthirdfourth序數(shù)詞代詞(pron.)用于代替名詞以及起名詞作用的詞人稱

主格賓格形容詞性

物主代詞名詞性

物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits-itself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves人稱代詞代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)this(這個(gè))these(這些)that(那個(gè))those(那些)it(這)指示代詞用來(lái)起指示作用，或用來(lái)代替前面已提到過(guò)的名詞。自我檢測(cè)：代詞的分類和形式冠詞(art.)a/an/theIhaveanapple位于名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明名詞所指的人或事物IhaveapenTheappleisred.介詞(prep.)Shelookedatme.表示名詞與句中其它詞的關(guān)系感嘆詞(interj.)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的情感。Oh,hello,well,please連詞(conj.)Ladiesandgentlemen,…IamuglybutIamgentle.連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)或句與句句子成分和基本句型Learningobjectives語(yǔ)法脈圖定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分:主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次要成分:表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)Thebabyissleeping.Hedrivesfast.Oneisenough.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Whatshehassaidistrue.

（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（句子）主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者。Observe:Whatcanbe“subject”inasentence?Subject主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)一般由名詞(短語(yǔ))、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))和主語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng)。注意:主語(yǔ)一般位于句首，但若不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，則把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句后。Itdrivesmemadtoteachher.It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.Findthesubjectinthesentence

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Runningisgoodforourhealth.

Tostudyhardisyourduty.

Shelikesdancing.

WhatIwantissomeapples.Verb謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)，有完整的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)中最重要的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

(通常由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞充當(dāng))，它有時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，并受主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)的影響。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有實(shí)在意義并能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)readeatlookdrink助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有意義，不單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)behavedowill情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，后加動(dòng)詞原形canmustmayneedshall系動(dòng)詞有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)amisarekeepstaysoundfeelbecome動(dòng)詞的分類：主謂(賓)主系表

be動(dòng)詞am,is,are,was,were

表變化類動(dòng)詞become,

get,turn,grow,go

感官動(dòng)詞look,sound,smell,taste,feel

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞remain,stay,

keep

英文中常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞4.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.5.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)2.Helookedaftertwoboys.找出句子中的謂語(yǔ)6.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.

1.Atigereatsmeat.3.Hedoesn’tlikefruit.注意：復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)的劃分要把時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和否定詞歸入進(jìn)去。賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞之后。Object賓語(yǔ)Observe:Whatcanbe“object”inasentence?（句子）Showyourbook,please.Shedidn'tknowanything.Theywanttoknow

myidea.Ilikestayingwithyou.Didyouknowwhatshewant?（名詞）

(

代詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）及賓語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng)注意：不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))、名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，則把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句后。SomestudentsfinditdifficulttostudyEnglish.Mostofusthinkitnousearguingwithher.MissTanteachesusEnglish.雙賓語(yǔ)（IO

+

DO）在動(dòng)詞后方所跟的雙賓語(yǔ)中表示物的叫做直接賓語(yǔ)directobject（簡(jiǎn)稱“直賓”）表示人的叫做間接賓語(yǔ)indirectobject（簡(jiǎn)稱“間賓”）SVDOIO常見(jiàn)接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：teach,buy,bring,take,give,send,sell,show,tell,write,lend,make...Hegaveme

apen.IODO

Weboughthim

agift.

IODOHewroteme

aletter.IODO

Hegaveapentome.

DOIOWeboughtagiftforhim.

DOIOHewrotemealettertome.

DOIO雙賓語(yǔ)易位常借助介詞to的常用動(dòng)詞teach/tellsb.sth=teach/tellsth.tosb.take/bring/givesb.sth=take/bring/givesthtosb.send/writesb.sth.=send/writesth.tosb.showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.

常借助介詞for的常用動(dòng)詞buysb.sth=buysth.forsb.lendsb.sth.（借）=lendsth.forsb.makesb.sth=makesth.forsb.雙賓語(yǔ)易位VSComplement賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞接賓語(yǔ)后，意義仍然不完整，還需要一個(gè)句子成分來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的意義，狀態(tài)等，這就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1.Theymadehertheirmonitor.

2.Thefirelefthimhomeless.3.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselflyinginthestreet.4.Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyhisfamilyandfriends.5.Thefarmeraskedustohavedinner.6.Wesawhimplaysoccer.名詞形容詞過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞（省略to不定式）動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.4.Wesawherenteringtheroom.5.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.6.Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.Mymommademe

acake.Mymommadeacake

for

me.SVDOIOSVDOIOMymommademehappy.SVOOC賓補(bǔ)區(qū)分以下句子成分：賓補(bǔ)？雙賓語(yǔ)？Mymommademeafool.SVOOC賓補(bǔ)Attributive定語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)是用于對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。注意：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在被修飾詞之前(前置定語(yǔ))，而短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則放在被修飾詞之后(后置定語(yǔ))。Observe:Whatcanbe“Attributive”inasentence?常用作定語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、定語(yǔ)從句等。 (1)形容詞作定語(yǔ)Theblackbikeismine. (2)代詞作定語(yǔ)What'syourname? (3)名詞作定語(yǔ)Theymadesomepaperflowers. (4)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)TheboysintheroomareinClassThree，GradeOne. (5)不定式作定語(yǔ)Ihavenotimetotravelinspring. (6)從句作定語(yǔ)ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter. (7)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)Therearefallenleavesontheground.1.TheletteronthedeskisforMrWu.2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.3.Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.4.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.5.Hehasenoughmoneytobuyacar.6.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterestneedingrepairinginourcity.FindtheattributiveinthesentenceWhatisAdverbial?A(adverbial)狀語(yǔ)1HelivesinShenzhen.

A

2Yougotoschoolbybus.

A3Hewasbornin1918.

A

狀語(yǔ)（A）：是用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。常由副詞，介詞+其他擔(dān)任。修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以放在動(dòng)詞之前，也可以放在動(dòng)詞之后；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放在它們之前。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Thestudentsstudyhard.Ioftenwritetohim.Thebagistooheavy.副詞You

each

haveachancetogotocollege.We

students

shouldputourheartintothestudy.IamLiHua,

aChinesestudentstudyinginLondon.

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.

Appositive同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)用于對(duì)名詞或代詞的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，常位于名詞或代詞之后。常用作同位語(yǔ)的有名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、數(shù)詞、代詞、同位語(yǔ)從句等。

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓同位語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)分析句子成分：

I.選出下列句子中畫線部分的成分1.WeallstudyhardatEnglish.A.主語(yǔ)

B.謂語(yǔ)

C.賓語(yǔ)

D.表語(yǔ)2.Bettylikeshernewbikeverymuch.A.主語(yǔ)

B.謂語(yǔ)

C.賓語(yǔ)

D.表語(yǔ)3.Mybrotherisapoliceman.A.主語(yǔ)

B.謂語(yǔ)C.賓補(bǔ)D.表語(yǔ)4.Wereyouathomelastnight?A.定語(yǔ)

B.狀語(yǔ)

C.賓補(bǔ)

D.表語(yǔ)即時(shí)訓(xùn)練5.Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.A.定語(yǔ)

B.狀語(yǔ)

C.賓補(bǔ)

D.表語(yǔ)6.Heoftenwalksinthepark.A.定語(yǔ)

B.狀語(yǔ)

C.賓語(yǔ)

D.表語(yǔ)7.Maryaskedmetohelpheryesterday.A.定語(yǔ)

B.狀語(yǔ)

C.賓補(bǔ)

D.表語(yǔ)8.Heboughtmeanicepresentlastweek.A.賓語(yǔ)

B.直接賓語(yǔ)

C.間接賓語(yǔ)

D.賓補(bǔ)9.Hisparentsaredoctors.A.賓語(yǔ)

B.表語(yǔ)

C.謂語(yǔ)

D.定語(yǔ)10.I'llgetyousometeanow.A.主語(yǔ)

B.直接賓語(yǔ)

C.間接賓語(yǔ)

D.賓補(bǔ)11.Mymothertoldusaninterestingstorylastnight.A.表語(yǔ)

B.直接賓語(yǔ)

C.間接賓語(yǔ)

D.賓補(bǔ)12.Hehasreadthebooktwice.A.主語(yǔ)

B.謂語(yǔ)

C.表語(yǔ)

D.賓語(yǔ)13.Theyseemedunhappywhentheyheardthenews.A.表語(yǔ)

B.謂語(yǔ)

C.賓語(yǔ)

D.定語(yǔ)14.Doyouhavesomethingtoeat?A.狀語(yǔ)

B.定語(yǔ)

C.賓語(yǔ)

D.賓補(bǔ)15.Wemadehimourmonitor.A.賓語(yǔ)

B.定語(yǔ)

C.狀語(yǔ)

D.賓補(bǔ)P6S(subject)主語(yǔ)V(verb)動(dòng)詞O(object)賓語(yǔ)P(predicative)表語(yǔ)A(adverbial)狀語(yǔ)DO(directobject)直接賓語(yǔ)IO(indirectobject)間接賓語(yǔ)OC(objectcomplement)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Sentencestructure

Sentence

SVAllofuslaughed!SVOImissmygrandma.SPTheteacherwaskindandfriendly.SVIODOHetoldusafunnystory.SVOCIfoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.SVAHetalkedtoomuch.SVOAIhadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.Therebe...There'salottoexploreatseniorhighschool.Studythesentencestructures.Allofuslaughed!Imissmygrandma.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.Hetoldusafunnystory.Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(SV)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(SVO)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)(SVP)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(SVIODO)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(SVOC)Hetalkedtoomuch.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(SVA)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(SVOA)Therebe句型BasicSentenceStructures英文中基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)有以下五種：1.

主+謂(不及物動(dòng)詞)

SV2.主+謂(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)

SVO3.主+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)

SVP4.主+謂(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

5.主+謂(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

SVOC

SVIODO6.Therebe句型

SV

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞Vi.)①此句型中“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞/詞組”構(gòu)成句子的主體部分，不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接帶賓語(yǔ)。注意：有時(shí)為了表示發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間等，可以有狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾。例1Classbegins.例3Hermotherhasgoneabroad.例2Therainhasstopped.例4Theredsunriseintheeast.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞②SVO

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞Vt.)+賓語(yǔ)此句型中謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須跟賓語(yǔ)才能使句意表達(dá)完整。注意：一些不及物動(dòng)詞后面加介詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，之后可加賓語(yǔ)。Vi+prep.=Vt.例1Youmust

listentoyourteacher.例2Myfather

arrivedinLondonyesterday.例3Heis

laughingatthecrippledwoman.例4I’ll

writeabout

myfootballteaminmyfuturebooks.③SVP

主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)此類型的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。例1Shebecame

asinger.例2Mybrotheris

out

now.例3Breakfastsmells

good.④SVIODO主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)例2IboughtTomabirthdaygift.間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)例1Ishowedhermyphotos.間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的可接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant（授予）等。⑤SVOC主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在某些及物動(dòng)詞的后面，需要用一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)再加一個(gè)賓補(bǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。常見(jiàn)的可做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式,不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式等例1Iwillmakeyou

captain.例2Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.例3Theengineermadetherobortcleantheroomeveryday.6.1Thereis

anapple

onthetable.VSA6.2Thereare

sevendays

inaweek.VSA6.3Thereis

milkandbread.VS在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，S和V是倒置的。V的數(shù)由S的第一個(gè)名詞決定。⑥Therebe句型

某地存在什么東西Therearemanybeautifulteachingbuildingsinourschool.GroupWorkFinishtask2onP6.Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.1The100-year-oldschoolliesinthecentreofthecity.2Wemustact.3Themathshomeworklookseasy.4Theteacherfoundtheclassroomemp