墨西哥貧困和不平等情況市場(chǎng)調(diào)研和分析報(bào)告（英文版）-2024年1月上傳培訓(xùn)課件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYPovertyandinequalityinMexicoCHAPTER

01OverviewNumberofpeoplelivinginpovertyinMexicobetween2008and2022(inmillions)Mexico:peoplelivinginpoverty2008-20226055.755.3453.3552.8149.4952.251.95040302010046.8200820102012201420162018202020223Description:ThenumberofpeoplelivinginpovertyinMexicoaccountedforover36percentofthecountry'spopulationin2020.Inthatyear,itwasestimatedthatmorethan46millionpeopleinMexicolivedinasituationofpoverty,asignificantdecreaseofnearlyninemillionswhencomparedwith2020.During2022,ChiapaswasthestateinMexicowiththehighestpovertyrate.ReadmoreNote(s):2008to2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)AverageannualwageinMexicofrom2000to2022(inU.S.dollars)AverageannualwageinMexico2000-202218,81818,80618,77818,74618,65018,65618,56218,31318,24118,03117,86517,77717,73017,63717,61817,52217,50317,45717,47017,47517,46717,31116,6852000

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20224Description:In2019,theaveragewageinMexicoachieveditshighestlevelsince2009,amountingtoaround18,000U.S.dollarsperyear.Incontrast,thisvaluewentdownthefollowingyears,making2022theyearwiththelowestaveragewagesincetheonsetoftheanalyzedperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):2000to2022;Constantpricesusing2022asbaseyear;AdjustedforPurchasingPowerParity(Source(s):OECDImpactofinflationontheconsumerbasketinMexicoinJuly2022,byhousehold'sincomegroup(comparedtothesamemonthofthepreviousyear)Annualinflationrateofhouseholds'marketbasketinMexico2022,byincomelevel12%10.26%10%9.31%8.05%8%6%4%2%0%LowincomeMediumincomeHighincome5Description:LowincomeMexicanhouseholdswerethemostaffectedbyinflation.Accordingtothesource,theannualinflationrateoftherepresentativeconsumerbasketofhouseholdswithlowincomeexperiencedthelargestincreaseinJuly2022:10.26percentcomparedtothesamemonthofthepreviousyear.Bycontrast,themarketbasketofhighincomehouseholds(thosethatearn,onaverage,amonthlyincomeof54,427Mexicanpesos)registeredaninflationrateof8.05percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;July2022Source(s):IMCOCHAPTER

02IncomedistributionMonthlyincomepercapitainMexicobetween2016and2022,bydeciles(inMexicanpesos)Mexico:percapitaincome2022,bydecilesDeciles

(10%

population)I923.24968.37893.981191.73II1692.921777.081668.4III2252.772358.122207.532708.79IV2793.752902.142728.123307.91V3366.243484.613295.383938.14VI4030.874158.173957.134682.120162018202020222096.257Description:In2022,itwasreportedthattenpercentoftheMexicanpopulationwiththehighestmonthlyincomemade,onaverage,almost20timesmoremoneythanthetenpercentofthepopulationwiththelowestincome.Whileapersoninthehighestearningsegmentofthepopulation(decileX)receivedapproximately20,339Mexicanpesospermonth,apersoninthedecilewiththelowestmonthlyincome(decileI)earnednearly1,191pesos.

ReadmoreNote(s):2022;August2022pricesSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)Percentageofincomeheldbytherichest20percentofthepopulationinMexicobetween2004and2020Mexico:wealthinequalitybasedonincomeconcentration2004-202060%55.4%55.2%55%54.7%54.6%54.4%53.4%52.9%52.6%51.2%50%40%30%20%10%0%20042005200620082010201220142016201820208Description:Thepercentageofincomeheldbytherichest20percentofthepopulationinMexicodecreasedto51.2percentsincethepreviousyear.Therefore,2020marksthelowestpercentageofincomeheldduringtheobservedperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):2004to2020Source(s):WorldBankPercentagedistributionofwealthinMexicoin2021,bywealthpercentileDistributionofwealthheldbypercentileinMexico202190%78.7%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%46.9%21.5%-0.2%-10%Bottom50%Middle40%Top10%Top1%9Description:In2021,fromthetotalnationalwealthinMexico,78.7percentbelongedtothetoptenpercentgroup.Meanwhile,thebottom50percenthadatotalof-0.2percent,whichmeansthat,onaverage,thebottomhalfhasmoredebtsthanassets.Further,theaveragepersonalwealthofthetoponepercentwasvaluedat2.91millioneuros.ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;2021Source(s):WID.worldAverageincomeinMexicoin2021,byincomepercentile(

ineuros)AverageearningsbypercentileinMexico2021500,000450,000400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000Bottom50%Middle40%Top10%Top1%10Description:InMexico,asof2021,thebottom50percent,whichrepresentsthepopulationwhoseincomeliedbelowthemedian,earnedonaverage3,200eurosatpurchasingpowerparity(beforeincometaxes.Meanwhile,thetoptenpercenthadanaverageearningof99,400euros,30timesoverthantheaverageearningofthebottomhalf.Further,thebottom50percentaccountedfor-0.2percentoftheoverallnationalwealthinMexico,thatis,theyhaveonaveragemoredebtsthanassets.

ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;2021;*Pre-taxnationalincomeisthesumofallpre-taxpersonalincomeflowsaccruingtotheownersoftheproductionfactors,laborandcapital,beforetakingintoaccounttheoperationofthetax/transfersystem,butaftertaking[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):WID.worldIncomedistributioninequalitybasedonGinicoefficientinMexicobetween2000and2021GinicoefficientincomedistributioninequalityinMexico2000-20216048.348.148.25040302010047.245.445.443.42000-20102003-20122005-20132010-20152010-20172010-20182010-202111Description:Between2010and2021,Mexico'sdataonthedegreeofinequalityinincomedistributionbasedontheGinicoefficientremainedequalcomparedtothepreviousperiod,at45.4.TheGinicoefficientmeasuresthedeviationofthedistributionofincome(orconsumption)amongindividualsorhouseholdsinagivencountryfromaperfectlyequaldistribution.Avalueof0representsabsoluteequality,whereas100wouldbethehighestpossibledegreeofinequality.

ReadmoreNote(s):Between2000and2021*;*Thesourcedoesnotspecifytheexactdateofsurveyforeachyear.Accordingtothesource,thedatareferstothelatestfigureavailableintheindicatedtimeperiods.Thisstatisticwasassembledusingdifferent[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):UNDPIncomedistributioninequalitybasedonGinicoefficientinMexicoin2022,bystateMexico:Ginicoefficientincomedistributioninequality2022,bystateGinicoefficient0.2

0.30.00.10.10.20.30.40.40.50.5ChiapasMexicoCityGuerreroOaxacaCampecheNayarit0.470.460.450.450.440.440.44ChihuahuaNationalaverageAguascalientesVeracruz0.430.430.430.43MichoacánYucatán0.420.42Tabasco12Description:Chiapas,thestatewiththehighestshareofpopulationlivinginpoverty,hadthehighestwealthinequalityinthecountrybasedontheGinicoefficientaswell.Thisindexmeasuresthedeviationoftheincomedistributionsituationinagivencountryfromaperfectlyequaldistribution.Avalueof0representsanidealsituationofequality,whereas1wouldbethehighestpossibledegreeofinequality.Asof2022,MexicoCity,thecountry'scapital,hadaGinicoefficientof0.46,secondhighest[...]ReadmoreNote(s):2022;Onascalefrom0to1*;*Avalueof0representsanidealsituationofequality,whereas1wouldbethehighestpossibledegreeofinequality.Figureshavebeenrounded.

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)CHAPTER

03PovertyNumberofpeoplelivinginpovertyinMexicoin2022,bystate(in1,000s)Mexico:peoplelivinginpoverty2022,bystateNumberofpeopleinthousands01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,000MexicoStateVeracruz7,427.24,244.7Chiapas3,838.7Puebla3,626.9Oaxaca2,483.62,230.12,173.32,073.72,0631,856.3MexicoCityGuerreroGuanajuatoMichoacánJaliscoHidalgoTabasco1,294.41,1351,020.4SanLuisPotosí14Description:ThestateofMexicowastheMexicanstatewiththehighestnumberofpeoplelivinginpovertyin2022.Itwasestimatedthatmorethan7.4millionpeopleresidinginthestateofMexicolivedinasituationofpoverty.Ontheotherhand,BajaCaliforniaSurwasthestatewiththelowestnumberofpeoplelivinginpoverty,with112,000.Regardingextremepoverty,ChiapaswasthestateinMexicowiththehighestaveragethatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationlivinginpovertyinMexicoin2022,bystateMexico:povertyrate2022,bystatePercentageofpopulation0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%ChiapasGuerreroOaxaca67.4%60.4%58.4%PueblaTlaxcalaVeracruzTabasco54%52.5%51.7%46.5%45.1%44.2%42.9%41.7%CampecheZacatecasMexicoStateMichoacánMorelos41.1%41%Hidalgo15/statistics/1036147/poverty-rate-mexico-stateTwooutofeverythreepersonsinChiapaslivedunderthepovertylinein2022,makingitthefederalentitywiththelargestshareofpoorpopulationinMexico.Onaverage,about36percentoftheMexicanpopulationwaslivinginpovertythatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)Shareofpopulationlivingonlessthan3.20U.S.dollarsperdayinMexicofrom1984to2021Mexico:povertyheadcountratioat3.20U.S.dollarsaday1984-202140%36.54%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%27.91%25.53%24.22%21.29%20.83%20.43%18.95%15.98%

16.08%14.49%200813.11%200612.76%201012.24%201212.01%201410.71%20169.93%

9.9%9.36%201819841989199219941996199820002002200420052020202116Description:In2021,approximately9.9percentoftheMexicanpopulationwerelivingonlessthan3.20U.S.dollarsperday,anincreaseincomparisontothepreviousyear.Furthermore,unemploymentrateinthisLatinAmericancountryduringthisperiodwasat4.09percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;Between1984and2021;Pricesadjustedforrelativepurchasingpowerparity(Source(s):OWID;WorldBankat2017exchangeratesShareofpopulationlivingonlessthanoneU.S.dollarperdayinMexicofrom1992to2020Povertyheadcountratioat1.00U.S.dollarsadayinMexico1992-20206.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%5.7%2.75%1.7%20001.45%20051.28%19941.24%20041.15%20021.1%20080.92%20100.82%19920.7%20060.71%20120.57%20140.55%20200.46%20160.37%20181996199817Description:In2020,approximately0.55percentoftheMexicanpopulationwerelivingonlessthanoneU.S.dollarsperday,anincreaseincomparisontothepreviousyear.Duringthatyear,overtenmillionpeoplewerelivinginasituationofextremepovertyinMexico.ReadmoreNote(s):Mexico;1992to2020;Pricesadjustedforrelativepurchasingpowerparity(Source(s):OWID;WorldBankat2017exchangeratesShareofpopulationlivinginpovertyinMexicobetween2014and2022,bygenderMexico:shareofpopulationlivinginpoverty2014-2022,bygenderWomen42.6%Men50%46.3%46%44.4%43.9%43.4%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%42.6%41.2%36.9%35.6%0%2014201620182020202218Description:WomeninMexicoweremorelikelytofacepovertyin2022,astheshareofthefemalepopulationestimatedtobeinthatsituationstoodat36.9percent,whereasamongthemalepopulationitamountedto35.6percent.Thatyear,thepovertyrateinMexicoamountedto36.3percent.ReadmoreNote(s):2014to2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationlivinginpovertyinMexicobetween2014and2022,byagegroupMexico:povertyratebyagegroup2014-2022Youngerthan18Aged18orolder60%53.9%52.6%51.3%50.3%50%45.8%42.3%40.3%39.3%38.1%40%32.5%30%20%10%0%20142016*20182020202219Description:AlmosthalfoftheMexicanpopulation(45.8percent)youngerthan18yearsoldlivedinpovertyin2022.Thepovertyrateamongadults(aged18orolder)wasmorethantenpercentagepointslower,standingat32.5percent.Thepovertyrateforbothagegroupspresentedasignificantdecreasedwhencomparedto2020.ReadmoreNote(s):2014to2022;*Figurespriorto2016weretakenfrompreviousreleases.Thesourcedoesnotprovidedatafortheoddyears.

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationlivinginpovertyinMexicobetween2014and2022,bydisabilityconditionMexico:povertyratebydisabilitycondition2014-2022WithdisabilityWithoutdisability60%54.1%49.4%49.5%48.6%50%40%30%20%10%0%45.6%43.5%43.1%41.4%41.2%35.9%2014201620182020*202220Description:In2022,itwasreportedthat41.2percentofthepopulationwithadisabilityinMexicolivedinpoverty.PeoplewithoutdisabilitieslivinginpovertyinMexicostoodat35.9percent,beinglesslikelytofacepoverty.ReadmoreNote(s):2014to2022;*Figurespriorto2020weretakenfrompreviousreleases.Thesourcedoesnotprovidedatafortheoddyears.

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)CHAPTER

04ExtremepovertyNumberofpeoplelivinginextremepovertyinMexicobetween2008and2022(inmillions)Mexico:peoplelivinginextremepoverty2008-2022141312.31210811.511.410.89.18.78.764202008201020122014201620182020202222Description:In2020,itwasestimatedthatmorethantenmillionpeopleinMexicolivedinasituationofextremepoverty,anincreasewhencomparedwith2018.ReadmoreNote(s):2008to2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationlivinginextremepovertyinMexicobetween2008and2022Mexico:populationlivinginextremepoverty2008-202212%11.3%11%9.8%10%8%6%4%2%0%9.5%8.5%7.2%7.1%7%2008201020122014201620182020202223Description:TheextremepovertyrateinMexicoaccountedforlessthanonetenthofthecountry'spopulationbetween2012and2022.Inthelatter,itwasestimatedthat7.1percentofthepopulationofMexicolivedinasituationofextremepoverty,anconsiderabledecreasewhencomparedto2020.Further,ChiapaswasthestateinMexicowiththehighestaverageextremepovertyratein2022.ReadmoreNote(s):2008to2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)NumberofpeoplelivinginextremepovertyinMexicoin2022,bystate(in1,000s)Mexico:peoplelivinginextremepoverty2022,bystateNumberofpeopleinthousands600

800

1,00002004001,2001,4001,6001,800ChiapasVeracruzMexicoStateOaxaca1,607.51,078.21,032.4859.9GuerreroPuebla800.5765.5MichoacánTabasco372272.5Hidalgo214SanLuisPotosíGuanajuatoJalisco212.9203.4180.5159.4MexicoCity24Description:During2022,moretha9millionpeoplelivedunderextremepovertyconditionsinMexico.Chiapaswasthefederalentitywiththehighestnumberofpeoplelivinginpovertyin2022.Itwasestimatedthatmorethan1.6millionpeopleresidinginthesouthernstatelivedinasituationofextremepoverty.Ontheotherhand,BajaCaliforniaSurwasthestatewiththelowestnumberofpeoplelivinginextremepoverty,with6,400inhabitants.ReadmoreNote(s):2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationlivinginextremepovertyinMexicoin2022,bystateMexico:populationlivinginextremepoverty2022,bystatePercentageofpopulation0%5%10%15%20%25%30%ChiapasGuerrero28.2%22.2%Oaxaca20.2%Veracruz13.1%PueblaTabasco11.4%11.2%CampecheMichoacánSanLuisPotosíNationalaverageTlaxcala9.6%7.5%7.4%7.1%6.8%6.8%6.4%HidalgoNayarit25Description:ChiapaswasthestateinMexicowiththehighestaverageextremepovertyratein2022.ItwasestimatedthatalmostthreeoutoftenpeopleinChiapaslivedinasituationofextremepoverty.Incontrast,BajaCaliforniawasthestatewiththelowestextremepovertyrate,with0.8percent,wellbelowthenationalaverage,whichstoodat7.1percent.TheshareofpopulationlivinginpovertyinMexicoamountedto36.3percentin2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationlivinginextremepovertyinMexicobetween2014and2022,bygenderMexico:extremepovertyratebygender2014-2022WomenMen12%9.6%10%8%6%4%2%0%9.4%8.6%8.5%7.3%7.2%7.2%7%7%6.9%2014201620182020202226Description:MeninMexicoweresligthlylesslikelytofaceextremepovertythanwomen.In2022,itwasestimatedthat7.2percentofthefemalepopulationinMexicolivedinextremepoverty,while6.9percentofmenwereconsideredtobeinthesamesituation.Regardingpoverty,Mexicanwomenthatyearwerealsomorelikelytofaceit.ReadmoreNote(s):2014to2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationlivinginpovertyinMexicobetween2014and2022,byagegroupMexico:povertyratebyagegroup2014-2022Youngerthan18Aged18orolder60%53.9%52.6%51.3%50.3%50%45.8%42.3%40.3%39.3%38.1%40%32.5%30%20%10%0%20142016*20182020202227Description:AlmosthalfoftheMexicanpopulation(45.8percent)youngerthan18yearsoldlivedinpovertyin2022.Thepovertyrateamongadults(aged18orolder)wasmorethantenpercentagepointslower,standingat32.5percent.Thepovertyrateforbothagegroupspresentedasignificantdecreasedwhencomparedto2020.ReadmoreNote(s):2014to2022;*Figurespriorto2016weretakenfrompreviousreleases.Thesourcedoesnotprovidedatafortheoddyears.

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)NumberofpeoplelivinginextremepovertyinMexicobetween2014and2022,byethnicity(inmillions)Mexico:peoplelivinginextremepoverty2014-2022,byethnicityIndigenouspopulationNon-indigenouspopulation98765432107.77.45.85.65.53.83.43.33.23.120142016*20182020202228Description:AmidsttheCOVID-19pandemicin2020,itwasreportedthat3.4millionindigenouspeopleinMexicolivedinextremepoverty,whilethenumberofpeopleinthatsituationamongthenon-indigenouspopulationamountedto7.4million.ReadmoreNote(s):2014to2022;*Figurespriorto2016weretakenfrompreviousreleases.Accordingtothesource,indigenouspopulationincludesanypersonwhoispartofanindigenoushousehold,wheretheheadofthehousehold,hisorherspouse[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)CHAPTER

05VulnerabilityofthepopulationShareofpopulationconsideredvulnerableforlaggingbehindineducationinMexicobetween2008and2022Mexico:shareofpopulationlaggingbehindineducation2008-202225%21.9%20.7%19.4%19.2%19.2%20%15%10%5%19%18.7%18.5%0%20082010201220142016*20182020202230Description:ThenumberofpeopleconsideredvulnerableforlaggingbehindineducationinMexicoamountedto19.4percentofthetotalpopulationin2022.Thissharerepresentsaslightincreasewhencomparedtothepreviousyear,whentheratestoodat19.2percent.ReadmoreNote(s):2008to2022;*Figurespriorto2016weretakenfrompreviousreleases.Thesourcedoesnotprovidedatafortheoddyears.

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationconsideredvulnerableduetolackofaccesstohealthservicesinMexicobetween2008and2022ShareofpopulationwithoutaccesstohealthservicesinMexico2008-202245%39.1%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%38.4%29.2%28.2%21.5%18.2%16.2%15.5%20160%200820102012201420182020202231Description:TheshareofpeopleconsideredvulnerableduetoalackofaccesstohealthservicesinMexicoamountedtomorethanonethirdofthecountry'spopulationin2022.Inthatyear,itwasestimatedthat39.1percentoftheMexicanpopulationsufferedvulnerabilitiesforthisreason.Thesituationhasworsenedsince2016,whenonly15.5percentofthepopulationwereconsideredtobefacingalackofaccesstohealthservices.

ReadmoreNote(s):2008to2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationconsideredvulnerableduetolackofaccesstohealthservicesinMexicoin2022,bystateShareofpopulationwithoutaccesstohealthservicesinMexico2022,bystateShareofpopulation30%0%10%20%40%50%60%70%ChiapasOaxaca66.1%65.7%GuerreroMichoacánHidalgo52.7%51.2%50.4%49.2%48.3%46.4%45.2%44.8%44.2%VeracruzPueblaMorelosTlaxcalaTabascoMexicoStateNationalaverageJalisco39.1%37.1%32Description:In2022,ChiapaswastheMexicanstatewiththehighestshareofpopulationconsideredsociallyvulnerableduetoalackofaccesstohealthservices.Around66.1percentofthepeoplelivinginthesouthernstatewereconsideredinthatsituation,whileBajaCaliforniaSurhadthelowestrate,at17.3percent.ReadmoreNote(s):2022Source(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationconsideredvulnerableduetopoorhousingqualityorlackofspaceinMexicobetween2008and2022Mexico:shareofpopulationwithinadequatehousing2008-202220%17.7%18%16%14%12%10%8%15.2%13.6%12.3%12%11%9.3%9.1%6%4%2%0%20082010201220142016*20182020202233Description:ThenumberofpeopleconsideredsociallyvulnerableduetoinadequatehousinginMexicoaccountedformorethanninepercentofthecountry'spopulationin2022.Inthatyear,itwasestimatedthat9.1percentoftheMexicanpopulationwasvulnerableforlivinginpoorqualityhousingorlackingenoughspace,animprovementwhencomparedtothe11percentregisteredin2018.ReadmoreNote(s):2008to2022;*Figurespriorto2016weretakenfrompreviousreleases.Thesourcedoesnotprovidedataforoddyears.

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)ShareofpopulationconsideredvulnerableduetolackofaccesstobasichousingservicesinMexicobetween2008and2022Mexico:shareofpopulationlackinghousingservices2008-202225%22.9%22.9%21.2%21.2%19.6%19.2%20%15%10%5%17.9%17.8%0%20082010201220142016*20182020202234Description:ThenumberofpeopleconsideredsociallyvulnerableduetoalackofaccesstobasichousingservicesinMexicoaccountedforapproximately17.8percentofthecountry'spopulationin2022.Thisrepresentsanimprovementwhencomparedtothe19.6percentoftheMexicanpopulationthatdidnothaveaccesstobasichousingutilitiesin2018.ReadmoreNote(s):2008to2022;*Figurespriorto2016weretakenfrompreviousreleases.Thesourcedoesnotprovidedataforoddyears.

ReadmoreSource(s):INEGI;NationalCouncilfortheEvaluationofSocialDevelopmentPolicy(Mexico)NumberofpopulationwholackaccesstobasichousingservicesinMexicobetween2008and2022(inmillions)Mexico:numberofpeoplelacki