土木工程專業(yè)英語詞匯

目錄1.建筑專業(yè) 1.ARCHITECTUREa.設計依據(jù) DESIGNBASIS b.設計階段 DESIGNSTAGE c.氣象條件 CLIMATECONDITION d.常用房間名稱 GENERALROOMNAME e.屋面及天棚 ROOFING&CEILING f.墻體(外墻板) WALL(CLADDING) g.地面及地溝 FLOOR&TRENCH h.門、玻璃、窗及五金件 DOORS、GLASS、WINDOWS&IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) I.樓梯、休息平臺及電梯STAIRCASE、LANDING&LIFT(ELEVATOR) j.建筑材料詞匯及短語 BUILDINGMATERIALWORDSANDPHRASES磚和瓦【BricksandTiles】灰、砂和石【Lime,SandandStone】水泥、砂漿和混凝土【Cement,MortarandConcrete】飾面及粉刷材料【FacingAndPlasteringMaterials】瀝青和石棉【Asphalt(Bitumen)andAsbestos】木材【Timber】金屬材料【MetallicMaterials】有色金屬【Non-FerrousMetal】防腐蝕材料【Anti-CorrosionMaterials】建筑五金【BuildingHardware】油漆【Paint】 k.其他建筑術語OTHERARCHITECTURALTERMS專業(yè)【Discipline】一般術語【ConventionalTerms】建筑物理【ArchitecturalPhysics】職務名稱【NameOfProfessionalrole】制圖【Drafting】2.結構專業(yè)2.STRUCTURE a.負載LOAD b.地基和基礎GROUNDBASEANDFOUNDATION c.鋼筋混凝土結構REINFORCEMENTCONCRETESTRUCTUREd.鋼結構STEELSTRUCTURE e.抗震設計DESIGNFORANTISEISMIC f.設計常用詞匯GENERALWORDSFORDESIGN g.施工常用詞匯GENERALWORDSFORCONSTRUCTIONa.設計依據(jù) DESIGNBASIS計劃建議書 planningproposals設計任務書 designorder標準規(guī)范 standardsandcodes條件圖 informationdrawing設計基礎資料 basicdatafordesign工藝流程圖 processflowchart工程地質(zhì)資料 engineeringgeologicaldata原始資料 originaldata設計進度 scheduleofdesignb.設計階段 STAGEOFDESIGN方案 scheme；draft草圖 sketch會談紀要 summaryofdiscussion,minutesofmeeting談判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibilitystudy初步設計 preliminarydesign基礎設計 basicdesign詳細設計 detaildesign詢價圖 enquirydrawing施工圖 workingdrawing,constructiondrawing竣工圖 asbuiltdrawingC.氣象條件 CLIMATECONDITION日照 sunshine風玫瑰 windrose主導風向 prevailingwinddirection最大(平均)風速 maximum(mean)windvelocity風荷載 windload最大(平均)降雨量 maximum(mean)rainfall雷擊及閃電 thunderandlightning颶風 hurricane臺風 typhoon旋風 cyclone降雨強度 rainfallintensity年降雨量 annualrainfall濕球溫度 wetbulbtemperature干球溫度 drybulbtemperature冰凍期 frostperiod冰凍線 frostline冰凍區(qū) frostzone室外計算溫度 calculatingoutdoortemperature采暖地區(qū) regionwithheatingprovision不采暖地區(qū) regionwithoutheatingprovision絕對大氣壓 absoluteatmosphericpressure相對濕度 relativehumidityd.常用房間名稱 GENERALROOMNAME服務用房 serviceroom換班室 shiftroom休息室 restroom(breakroom)起居室 livingroom浴室 bathroom淋浴間 shower更衣室 lockerroom廁所 lavatory門廳 lobby診室 clinic工作間 workshop電氣開關室 switchroom走廊 corridor檔案室 archive電梯機房 liftmotorroom會議室(正式) conferenceroom衣柜間 wardrobe暖風間 H.V.A.Croom接待處 receptionarea會計室 accountantroom秘書室 secretaryroom電氣室 electricalroom控制室 controlroom工長室 foremanoffice開關柜室 switchgear前室 antecabinet(Ante.)生產(chǎn)區(qū) productionarea馬達控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utilityroom化驗室 laboratoryroom經(jīng)理室 managerroom披屋(閣樓) penthouse警衛(wèi)室 guardhousee.屋面及天棚 ROOFINGANDCEILING女兒墻 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roofridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水線 water-shed二氈三油 2layersoffelt&3coatsofbitmastic附加油氈一層 extraplyoffelt檐口 eave挑檐 overhangingeave檐溝 eavegutter平屋面 flatroof坡屋面 pitchedroof雨水管 downspout,rainwaterpipe)(R.W.P)匯水面積 catchmentarea泛水 flashing內(nèi)排水 interiordrainage外排水 exteriordrainage屋面排水 roofdrainage找平層 levelingcourse卷材屋面 built-uproofing天棚 ceiling檁條 purlin屋面板 roofingboard天花板 ceilingboard防水層 water-proofcourse檢查孔 inspectionhole人孔;探空 manhole吊頂 suspendedceiling,falseceiling檐板(窗簾盒) cornicef.墻體(外墻板) WALL(CLADDING)磚墻 brickwall砌塊墻 blockwall清水磚墻 brickwallwithoutplastering抹灰墻 renderedwall石膏板墻 gypsumboard,plasterboard空心磚墻 hollowbrickwall承重墻 bearingwall非承重墻 non-bearingwall縱墻 longitudinalwall橫墻 transversewall外墻 external(exterior)wall內(nèi)墻 internal(interior)wall填充墻 fillerwall防火墻 firewall窗間墻 wallbetweenwindow空心墻 cavitywall壓頂 coping圈梁 gird,girt,girth玻璃隔斷 glazedwall防潮層 damp-proofcourse(D.P.C)遮陽板 sunshade陽臺 balcony伸縮縫 expansionjoint沉降縫 settlementjoint抗震縫 seismicjoint復合夾心板 sandwichboard壓型單板 corrugatedsinglesteelplate外墻板 claddingpanel復合板 compositepanel輕質(zhì)隔斷 light-weightpartition牛腿 bracket磚煙囪 brickchimney勒腳(基座) plinthg.地面及地溝 FLOORANDTRENCH地坪 grade地面和樓面 groundandfloor素土夯實 rammedearth爐渣夯實 tampedcinder填土 filledearth回填土夯實 tampedbackfill墊層 beddingcourse,blinding面層 covering,finish結合層 bonding(binding)course找平層 levelingcourse素水泥漿結合層 neatcementbindingcourse混凝土地面 concretefloor水泥地面 cementfloor機器磨平混凝土地面 machinetoweledconcretefloor水磨石地面 terrazzoflooring馬賽克地面 mosaicflooring瓷磚地面 ceramictileflooring油地氈地面 linoleumflooring預制水磨石地面 precastterrazzoflooring硬木花地面 hard-woodparquetflooring擱柵 joist硬木毛地面 hard-woodroughflooring企口板地面 tonguedandgroovedflooring防酸地面 acid-resistantfloor鋼筋混凝土樓板 reinforcedconcreteslab(R.CSlab)乙烯基地面 vinylflooring水磨石嵌條 dividerstripforterrazzo地面做2％坡 floorwith2%slope集水溝 gully集水口 gulley排水溝 drainagetrench溝蓋板 trenchcover活動蓋板 removablecoverplate集水坑 sumppit孔翻邊 holeupstand電纜溝 cabletrenchh.DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS&IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)門、玻璃、窗及五金件木(鋼)門 wooden(steel)door鑲板門 panelleddoor夾板門 plywooddoor鋁合金門 aluminumalloydoor卷簾門 rollershutterdoor彈簧門 swingdoor推拉門 slidingdoor平開門 side-hungdoor折疊門 foldingdoor旋轉(zhuǎn)門 revolvingdoor玻璃門 glazeddoor密閉門 air-Tightdoor保溫門 thermalinsulatingdoor鍍鋅鐵絲網(wǎng)門 galvanizedsteelwiremeshdoor防火門 firedoor(大門上的)小門 wicket門框 doorframe門扇 doorleaf門洞 dooropening結構開洞 structuralopening單扇門 singledoor雙扇門 doubledoor疏散門 emergencydoor紗門 screendoor門檻 doorsill門過梁 doorlintel上冒頭 toprail下冒頭 bottomrail門邊木 stile門樘側料 sidejumb槽口 notch百葉窗(通風為主) sun-bind,louver(louver,shutter,blind)塑鋼窗 plasticsteelwindow空腹鋼窗 hollowsteelwindow固定窗 fixedwindow平開窗 side-hungwindow推拉窗 slidingwindow氣窗 transom上懸窗 top-hungwindow中懸窗 center-pivotedwindow下懸窗 hopperwindow活動百葉窗 adjustablelouver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormerwindow密封雙層玻璃 sealeddoubleglazing鋼筋混凝土過梁 reinforcedconcretelintel鋼筋磚過梁 reinforcedbricklintel窗扇 casementsash窗臺 windowsill窗臺板 windowboard窗中梃 mullion窗橫木 mutin窗邊木 stile壓縫條 covermould窗簾盒 curtainbox合頁(鉸鏈) hinge(butts)轉(zhuǎn)軸 pivot長腳鉸鏈 parliamenthinge閉門器 doorcloser地彈簧 floorcloser插銷 bolt門鎖 doorlock拉手 pull鏈條 chain門鉤 doorhanger碰球 balllatch窗鉤 windowcatch暗插銷 insertbolt電動開關器 electricalopener平板玻璃 plateglass夾絲玻璃 wireglass透明玻璃 clearglass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) groundglass(frostedglass)防彈玻璃 bullet-proofglass石英玻璃 quartzglass吸熱玻璃 heatabsorbingglass磨光玻璃 polishedglass著色玻璃 pigmentedglass玻璃瓦 glasstile玻璃磚 glassblock有機玻璃 organicglass.I樓梯、休息平臺及電梯 STAIRCASE,LANDING&LIFT(ELEVATOR)樓梯間 staircase疏散梯 emergencystair旋轉(zhuǎn)梯 spiralstair(circularstair)吊車梯 craneladder直爬梯 verticalladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder(wheelstep)踏步板 tread檔步板 riser踏步寬度 treadwidth防滑條 non-slipinsert(strips)欄桿 railing(balustrade)平臺欄桿 platformrailing吊裝孔欄桿 railingaroundmountinghole扶手 handrail梯段高度 heightofflight防護梯籠 protectingcage(safetycage)平臺 landing(platform)操作平臺 operatingplatform裝卸平臺 platformforloading&unloading樓梯平臺 stairlanding電梯機房 liftmortarroom電梯坑 liftpit電梯井道 liftshaftj.建筑材料詞匯及短語 BUILDINGMATERIALWORDSANDPHRASES•磚和瓦 BricksandTiles紅磚 redbrick粘土磚 claybrick瓷磚 glazedbrick(ceramictile)防火磚 firebrick空心磚 hollowbrick面磚 facingbrick地板磚 flooringtile缸磚 clinkerybrick馬賽克 mosaic陶?；炷?ceramsiteconcrete琉璃瓦 glazedtile脊瓦 ridgetile石棉瓦 asbestostile(shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugatedasbestoscementsheet•灰、砂和石 Lime,SandandStone石膏 gypsum大理石 marble漢白玉 whitemarble花崗巖 granite碎石 crushedstone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠巖 pearlite卵石 cobble礫石 gravel粗砂 coursesand中砂 mediumsand細砂 finesand•水泥、砂漿和混凝土 Cement,MortarandConcrete波特蘭水泥(普通硅酸鹽水泥) Portlandcement硅酸鹽水泥 silicatecement火山灰水泥 pozzolanacement白水泥 whitecement水泥砂漿 cementmortar石灰砂漿 limemortar水泥石灰砂漿(混合砂漿) cement-limemortar保溫砂漿 thermalmortar防水砂漿 water-proofmortar耐酸砂漿 acid-resistantmortar耐堿砂漿 alkaline-resistantmortar瀝青砂漿 bituminousmortar紙筋灰 paperstripmixedlimemortar麻刀灰 hempcutlimemortar灰縫 mortarjoint素混凝土 plainconcrete鋼筋混凝土 reinforcedconcrete輕質(zhì)混凝土 lightweightconcrete細石混凝土 fineaggregateconcrete瀝青混凝土 asphaltconcrete泡沫混凝土 foamedconcrete爐渣混凝土 cinderconcrete飾面及粉刷材料FacingAndPlasteringMaterials水刷石 graniticplaster斬假石 artificialstone刷漿 limewash可賽銀 casein大白漿 whitewash麻刀灰打底 hempcutsandlimeasbase噴大白漿兩道 sprayedtwicewithwhitewash分格抹水泥砂漿 cementmortarplastersectioned板條抹灰 lathandplaster•瀝青和石棉 Asphalt(Bitumen)andAsbestos瀝青卷材 asphaltfelt瀝青填料 asphaltfiller瀝青膠泥 asphaltgrout冷底子油 adhesivebitumenprimer瀝青瑪啼脂 asphalticmastic瀝青麻絲 bitumasticoakum石棉板 asbestossheet石棉纖維 asbestosfiber•木材 Timber裂縫 crack透裂 split環(huán)裂 shake干縮 shrinkage翹曲 warping原木 log圓木 roundtimber方木 squaretimber板材 plank木條 batten板條 lath木板 board紅松 redpine白松 whitepine落葉松 deciduouspine云杉 spruce樟木 camphorwood防腐處理的木材 preservative-treatedlumber膠合板 plywood三(五)合板3(5)- plywood企口板 tonguedandgroovedboard層夾板 laminatedplank膠合層夾木材 glue-laminatedlumber纖維板 fiber-board•金屬材料 MetallicMaterials黑色金屬 ferrousmetal圓鋼 steelbBar方鋼 squaresteel扁鋼 steelatrap型鋼 steelsection(shape)槽鋼 channel角鋼 anglesteel等邊角鋼 equal-legangle不等邊角鋼 unequal-legangle工字鋼 I-beam寬翼緣工字鋼 wideflangeI-beam丁(之)字鋼 T-bar(Z-bar)冷彎薄壁型鋼 lightgaugecold-formedsteelshape熱軋 hot-rolled冷軋 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷壓 cold-pressed合金鋼 alloysteel鈦合金 titaniumalloy不銹鋼 stainlesssteel竹節(jié)鋼筋 corrugatedsteelbar變形鋼筋 deformedbar光圓鋼筋 plainroundbar鋼板 steelplate薄鋼板 thinsteelplate低碳鋼 lowcarbonsteel冷彎 coldbending鋼管 steelpipe(tube)無縫鋼管 seamlesssteelpipe焊接鋼管 weldedsteelpipe黑鐵管 ironpipe鍍鋅鋼管 galvanizedsteelpipe鑄鐵 castiron生鐵 pigiron熟鐵 wroughtiron鍍鋅鐵皮 galvanizedsteelsheet鍍鋅鐵絲 galvanizedsteelwire鋼絲網(wǎng) steelwiremesh多孔金屬網(wǎng) expandedmetal錳鋼l managanesesteel高強度合金鋼 highstrengthalloysteel•有色金屬 Non-FerrousMetal白金 platinum銅 copper黃銅 brass青銅 bronze銀 silver鋁 aluminum鉛 lead•防腐蝕材料 Anti-CorrosionMaterials聚乙烯 polythene,polyethylene尼龍 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC(polyvinylchloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸樹酯 acrylicresin乙烯基酯 vinylester橡膠內(nèi)襯 rubberlining氯丁橡膠 neoprene瀝青漆 bitumenpaint環(huán)氧樹脂漆 epoxyresinpaint氧化鋅底漆 zincoxideprimer防銹漆 anti-rustpaint耐酸漆 acid-resistantpaint耐堿漆 alkali-resistantpaint水玻璃 sodiumsilicate樹脂砂漿 resin-bondedmortar環(huán)氧樹脂 epoxyresin•BuildingHardware建筑五金釘子 nails螺紋屋面釘 spiral-threadedroofingnail環(huán)紋石膏板釘 annular-ringgypsumboardnail螺絲 screws平頭螺絲 flat-headscrew螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial/plainbolt高強螺栓 highstrengthbolt預埋螺栓 insertbolt脹錨螺栓 cinchbolt墊片 washer•油漆 Paint底漆 primer防銹底漆 rust-inhibitiveprimer防腐漆 anti-corrosionpaint調(diào)和漆 mixedpaint無光漆 flatpaint透明漆 varnish銀粉漆 aluminumpaint磁漆 enamelpaint干性油 dryingoil稀釋劑 thinner焦油 tar瀝青漆 asphaltpaint桐油 tungoil,Chinesewoodoil紅丹 redlead鉛油 leadoil膩子 puttyk.OTHERARCHITECTURALTERMS其它建筑術語•專業(yè) Discipline建筑 architecture土木 civil給排水 watersupplyanddrainage總圖 plotplan采暖通風 H.V.A.C(heating、ventilationandairconditioning)電力供應 electricpowersupply電氣照明 electriclighting電訊 telecommunication儀表 instrument熱力供應 heatpowersupply動力 mechanicalpower工藝 processtechnology管道 piping•一般通用名詞 ConventionalTerms建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architecturalstyle民用建筑 civilarchitecture城市建筑 urbanarchitecture農(nóng)村建筑 ruralarchitecture附屬建筑 auxiliarybuildings城市規(guī)劃 cityplanning廠區(qū)內(nèi) withinsite廠區(qū)外 offsite封閉式 closedtype開敞式 opentype半開敞式 semi-opentype模數(shù)制 modularsystem單位造價 unitcost概算 preliminaryestimate承包商 constructor,contractor現(xiàn)場 site擴建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic,quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防塵 dust-proof防銹 rust-proof車流量 trafficvolume貨流量 freighttrafficvolume人流量 pedestrianvolume透視圖 perspectivedrawing建筑模型 buildingmodel•建筑物理 ArchitecturalPhysics照明 illumination照度 degreeofillumination亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 naturallighting光強 lightintensity側光 sidelight頂光 toplight眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth輻射 radiation對流 convection傳導 conduction遮陽 sun-shade保溫 thermalinsulation恒溫 constanttemperature恒濕 constanthumidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 soundabsorption露點 dewpoint隔汽 vapor-proof職務名稱NameOfProfessionalrole項目經(jīng)理 projectmanager(PM)設計經(jīng)理 designmanager首席建筑師 principalarchitect總工程師 chiefengineer土木工程師 civilengineer工藝工程師 processengineer電氣工程師 electricalengineer機械工程師 mechanicalengineer計劃工程師 planningengineer助理工程師 assistantengineer實習生 probationer專家 specialist,expert制圖員 draftsman技術員 technician•制圖 Drafting總說明 generalspecification工程說明 projectspecification采用標準規(guī)范目錄 listofstandardsandspecificationadopted圖紙目錄 listofdrawings平面圖 plan局部放大圖 detailwithenlargedscale．．．平面示意圖 schematicplanof...．．．平剖面圖 sectionalplanof...留孔平面圖 planofprovisionofholes剖面 section縱剖面 longitudinalsection橫剖面 cross(transverse)section立面 elevation正立面 frontelevation透視圖 perspectivedrawing側立面 sideelevation背立面 backelevation詳圖 detaildrawings典型節(jié)點 typicaldetail節(jié)點號 detailNo.首頁 frontpage圖紙目錄及說明 listofcontentsanddescription圖例 legend示意圖 diagram草圖 sketch荷載簡圖 loaddiagram流程示意圖 flowdiagram標準圖 standarddrawing．．．布置圖. layoutof..地形圖 topographicalmap土方工程圖 earth-workdrawing展開圖 developeddrawing模板圖 formworkdrawing配筋 arrangementofreinforcement表格 tables工程進度表 workingschedule技術經(jīng)濟指標 technicalandeconomicalindex建、構筑物一覽表 listofbuildingsandstructures編號 coding序列號 serialNo.行和欄 rowsandcolumns備注 remarks等級 grade直線 straightLine曲線 curves曲折線 zigzagline虛線 dottedline實線 solidline影線 hatchingline點劃線 dotanddashline軸線 axis等高線 contourLine中心線 centerLine雙曲線 hyperbola拋物線 parabola切線 tangentLine尺寸線 dimensionLine園形 round環(huán)形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四邊形 parallelogram三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圓圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical拋物面 paraboloid圓錐形 cone橢圓形 ellipse,oblong面積 area體積 volume容量 capacity重量 weight質(zhì)量 mass牛頓/平方米 Newton/squaremeter千克/立方米 kilogram/cubicmeter加侖 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 averagedimension變尺寸 variabledimension外形尺寸 overalldimension展開尺寸 developeddimension內(nèi)徑 insidediameter外徑 outsidediameter凈重 netweight毛重 grossweight凈空 clearance凈高 headroom凈距 cleardistance凈跨 clearspan截面尺寸 sectionaldimension開間 bay進深 depth單跨 singlespan雙跨 doublespan多跨 multi-span標高 elevation,level絕對標高 absoluteelevation設計標高 designedelevation室外地面標高 groundelevation室內(nèi)地面標高 floorelevation柱網(wǎng) columngrid坐標 coordinate廠區(qū)占地 sitearea使用面積 usablearea輔助面積 servicearea通道面積 passagearea管架 piperack管廊 pipelinegallery架空管線 overheadpipeline排水溝 drainditch集水坑 sumppit噴泉 fountain地漏 floordrain消火栓 firehydrant滅火器 fireextinguisher二氧化碳滅火器 carbondioxideextinguisher鹵代烷滅火器 halonextinguisher2.結構專業(yè) STRUCTUREa.荷載 Load拔力 pullingforce標準值 standardvalue殘余應力 residualstress沖擊荷載 impactload,punchload殘余變形 residualdeflection承壓 bearing承載能力 bearingcapacity承重 bearing,loadbearing承重結構 bearingstructure脆性材料 brittlematerial脆性破壞 brittlefailure抵抗力 resistingpower,resistance吊車荷載 craneload分布荷載 distributedload風荷載 windload風速 windvelocity,windspeed風壓 windpressure風振 windvibration浮力 buoyance,floatage符號 symbol,mark負彎矩 negativemoment,hoggingmoment附加荷載 additionalload附加應力 additionalstress副作用 sideeffect,by-effect剛度 rigidity剛度比 ratioofrigidity剛度系數(shù) rigidityfactor剛接 rigidconnection剛性節(jié)點 rigidjoint恒載 deadload荷載傳遞 transmissionofload固端彎矩 fixed-endmoment活荷載 liveload積灰荷載 dustload集中荷載 concentratedload加載,加荷 loading剪力 shear,shearingforce剪切破壞 shearfailure剪應變 shearstrain剪應力 shearstress簡支 simplesupport靜定結構 staticallydeterminatestructure截面模量 modulusofsection,sectionmodulus靜力 staticforce靜力分析 staticanalysis局部壓力 localpressure,partialpressure局部壓屈 localbulkling絕對值 absolutevalue均布荷載 uniformlydistributedload抗拔力 pullingresistance抗剪剛度 shearrigidity抗剪強度 shearstrength,shearingstrength抗拉強度 tensilestrength抗扭 torsionresistance抗扭剛度 torsionalrigidity抗彎 bendingresistance抗彎剛度 bendingrigidity抗壓強度 compressivestrength,可靠性 reliability可靠性設計 reliabilitydesign拉力 tensileforce拉應力 tensilestress,tensionstress拉應變 tensilestrain,tensionstrain臨界點 criticalpoint臨界荷載 criticalload臨界應力 criticalstress密度 density離心力 centrifugalforce摩擦力 frictionforce摩擦系數(shù) frictionalfactor撓度 deflection內(nèi)力 internalforce,innerforce扭矩 momentoftorsion,torsionalmoment疲勞強度 fatiguestrength偏心荷載 eccentricload,non-centralload偏心距 eccentricdistance,eccentricity偏心受拉 eccentrictension偏心受壓 eccentriccompression屈服強度 yieldstrength使用荷載 workingload水平力 horizontalforce水平推力 horizontalthrust彈塑性變形 elastoplasticdeformation彈性 elasticity,resilience,spring塑限 plasticlimit彈性變形 elasticdeformation彈性模量 modulusofelastic,elasticmodulus體積 volume,bulk,cubature,cubage土壓力 earthpressure,soilpressure彎矩 bendingmoment,moment彎曲半徑 radiusatbent,radiusofcurve位移 displacement溫度應力 temperaturestress溫度作用 temperatureaction系數(shù) coefficient,factor雪荷載 snowload壓應變 compressionstrain壓應力 compressionstress應力集中 concentrationofstress預應力 prestressingforce,prestress振動荷載 vibratingload,rackingload支座反力 supportreaction自重 ownweight作用 action,effect作用點 pointofapplication,applicationjointb.地基及基礎 GroundBaseandFoundation板樁 sheetpile,sheetingpile板樁基礎 sheetpilefoundation飽和粘土 saturationclay冰凍線 frostline,freezinglevel不均勻沉降 unequalsettlement,differentialsettlement殘積土 residualsoil沉積物 deposit,sediment沉降 settlement沉降差 differenceinsettlement沉降縫 settlementjoint沉井 sinkingwell,sunkwell沉箱 caisson持力層 bearingstratum沖積 alluviation錘夯 hammertamping檔土墻 retainingwall,breastwall底板 baseslab,baseplate,bedplate地板 floorboard地基 groundbase,ground地基承載力 groundbearingcapacity地基處理 groundtreatment,soiltreatment地基穩(wěn)定 basestabilization地梁 groundbeam,groundsill地下工程 substructurework,understructurework地下室 basement,cellar地下水 groundwater地下水位 groundwaterlevel,watertable地下水壓力 groundwaterpressure地質(zhì)報告 geologicreport墊層 bedding,blinding獨立基礎 isolatedfoundation,individualfoundation端承樁 end-bearingpile筏式基礎 raftfoundation粉砂 silt,rockflour粉質(zhì)粘土 siltyclay粉質(zhì)土 siltysoil扶壁式檔土墻 buttressedretainingwall腐蝕 corrosion覆土 earthcovering剛性基礎 rigidfoundation溝蓋板 trenchcover固結 consolidation灌注樁 cast-in-placepile,castinsitepile護坡 slopeprotection,revetment護樁 guardpile環(huán)墻 ringwall灰土 limeearth回填 backfill,backfilling回填土 backfill,backfillsoil混凝土找平層 concretescreed火山灰水泥 trasscement基槽 foundationtrench基礎 foundation,base基礎底板 foundationslab基礎埋深 embeddeddepthoffoundation基礎 foundationplan地基勘 siteexploration,siteinvestigation基坑 foundationpit集水坑 collectingsump階形基礎 steppedfoundation結合層 bindingcourse,bondingcourse井點 wellpoint井點排水 wellpointunwatering開挖 excavation,cutting勘測 explorationandsurvey勘測資料 explorationdata瀝青 bitumen,asphalt,pitch聯(lián)合基礎 combinedfoundation卵石 cobble,pebble埋置 embedment毛石基礎 rubblefoundation錨筋 anchorbar錨樁 anchorpile密實度 compactness,density,denseness摩擦樁 frictionpile,floatingpile粘土 clay粘質(zhì)粉土 claysilt碾壓 rollercompaction,rolling排水 drainage,dewatering排水溝 drainageditch排水孔 weephole,drainhole排水設備 dewateringequipment普通硅酸鹽水泥 ordinaryPortlandcement群樁 groupedpiles容許沉降 permissiblesettlement容許承載力 allowablebearing軟土 softsoil砂墊層 sandbeddingcourse,sandcushion砂土 sandysoil,sands砂質(zhì)粉土 sandysilt設備基礎 equipmentfoundation水泥攪拌樁 cementinjection素土夯實 rammedearth,packedsoil碎石樁 stonecolumns彈性地基 elasticfoundation彈性地基梁 beamonelasticfoundation填方 fill,filling填土 earth-fill,earthfilling,filling條形基礎 stripfoundation土方工程 earthwork挖方 excavationwork,excavation箱形基礎 boxfoundation壓實 compaction,compacting壓實系數(shù) compactingfactor驗槽 checkoffoundationsubsoil預制混凝土樁 precastconcretepile中砂 mediumsand重力式檔土墻 gravityretainingwall樁承臺 pilecap鉆孔樁 boredpile鉆探 explorationdrilling,drilling,最終沉降 finalsettlementc.鋼筋混凝土結構ReinforcementConcreteStructure板縫 slabjoint板厚 thicknessofslab板式樓梯 crankedslabstairs板跨度 spanofslab薄壁結構 thin-walledstructure薄腹梁 thinweddedgirder保護層 protectivecoating臂式吊車 boomcrane,boomhoist邊梁 edgebeam,boundarybeam變截面 variablecross-section變形縫 movementjoint變形鋼筋 deformedbar初凝 initialsetting,pre-setting次梁 secondarybeam大型屋面板 precastribbedroofslab單層廠房 one-storiedfactory單筋梁 beamwithsinglereinforcement單跨 singlespan單向板 one-wayslab墊塊 cushionblock墊梁 templatebeam吊車梁 cranebeam,cranegirder頂棚抹灰 ceilingplastering端跨 endspan,tailbay多跨連續(xù)梁 multi-spanbeam翻邊 upstand反梁 upstandbeam分布鋼筋 distribution-bar封閉式箍筋 closedstirrup附加鋼筋 additionalbar剛架 rigidframe,stiffframe鋼筋 reinforcement,steelbar,bar鋼筋表 BarSchedules鋼筋籠 steelreinforcementcage鋼筋間距 spacingofbars,barspacing鋼筋網(wǎng), bar-matreinforcement,meshreinforcement鋼筋磚 reinforcedbrick勾縫 jointpointing構架 frame,gallows構件 member,structuralmember構造 construction構造鋼筋 constructionalreinforcement構造柱 constructionalcolumn,tiecolumn構筑物 structure箍筋 hoopreinforcement,hooping箍筋間距 stirrupspacing固定端 fixedend,retainedend固端梁 fixed-endbeam,fixedbeam過梁 lintel,breastsummer混凝土強度等級 gradeofconcrete機制磚 machine-madebrick剪力墻 shearwall簡支梁 simplysupportedbeam經(jīng)濟跨度 economicspan經(jīng)濟配筋率 economicratioofreinforcement勁性鋼筋 stiffreinforcement勁性鋼筋混凝土結構 steelcompositeconstruction徑向鋼筋 radialreinforcement抗剪鋼筋 shearreinforcement抗拉鋼筋 tensionreinforcement受壓鋼筋 compressionreinforcement可見裂縫 visiblecrack刻痕鋼絲 indentedsteelwire坑 pit,hollow,delve空斗墻 rowlockcavitywall,rolockwall空心板 hollowslab空心磚隔墻 hollowtilepartition跨度 span框架 frame框架剪力墻結構 frame-shearwallstructure拉接鋼筋 tiebar欄桿railing,banister欄桿立柱 railingpost老化 aging累積誤差 accumulatederror肋形樓板 ribbedfloorslab冷拔低碳鋼絲 cold-drawnlow-carbonwire冷脆性 coldshortness,coolingbrittleness冷彎 coldbending冷軋 coldrolling離析 segregation梁墊 beampad,template,pad梁撓度 beamdeflection樓梯斜梁 string,stringer螺旋樓梯 spiralstair,windingstaircase馬鞍形殼 saddleshell錨固 anchoring門框,門樘doorframe門式剛架 portalframe面磚,墻面磚 facingtile,walltile耐火混凝土 fire-resistingconcrete排架 bent,bentframe女兒墻 parapetwall,parapet配筋率 reinforcementratio配箍率 stirrupratio砌塊 block圈梁 ringbeam,tiebeam,bondbeam山墻 gable深梁 deepbeam伸縮縫 expansionjoint實腹梁 solidwebgirder實腹柱 solidwebcolumn豎向鋼筋 verticalreinforcement雙向配筋 two-wayreinforcement素混凝土 plainconcrete筒中筒結構 tube-in-tubestructure網(wǎng)狀鋼筋 steelmeshreinforcement圍堰 cofferdam,coffer無梁樓蓋 flatslab,flatplate系梁 tiebeam預應力鋼筋混凝土 prestressedreinforcedconcrete預應力構件 prestressedcomponent預制 prefabrication預制板 precastslab預制構件 prefabricationcomponent預制裝配式結構 prefabricatedconstruction折板 foldedplate,foldedslab折板結構 folded-platestructure主筋 mainreinforcement,mainbar主梁 mainbeam,girder柱距 columnspacing,postspacing裝配式結構 fabricatedstructure縱梁 longitudinalbeam縱剖面 longitudinalsection縱向鋼筋 longitudinalbard.鋼結構d.SteelStructure薄壁型鋼 light-gaugesteelsection,hollowsteelsection不等肢角鋼 unequalanglesteel槽鋼 channel,channelsteel背對背角鋼組合 anglesbacktoback不銹鋼 stainlesssteel除銹 rust-removal粗制螺栓 roughbolt,blackbolt帶鋼 stripsteel,bandiron單面焊 singleweld,one-sidewelding地腳螺栓 foundationbolt,anchorbolt,holdingdownbolt點焊 spotwelding,pointwelding電動葫蘆 electrichoist等邊角鋼 equalangle,equallegangle對接焊,對焊 buttwelding腹板 webplate,web腹桿 webmember腹板加勁件 webstiffener桿 rod,bar鋼板 steelplate鋼管 steeltube,steelpipe鋼桁架 steeltruss鋼框架 steelframe鋼梯,爬梯 steelladder高強度螺栓 highstrengthbolt格構柱 latticecolumn工字梁 I-girder,I-beam工字鋼 I-steel工字形截面 I-shapedcross-section焊縫 weldingseam焊接 welding焊接長度 weldlength焊條 weldingrod桁架 truss紅丹底漆 redleadprimer紅丹漆 redleadpaint加勁肋 stiffeningrib,ribstiffener加勁板 stiffeningplate角鋼 anglesteel節(jié)點 joint,node節(jié)點板 gussetplate,gusset節(jié)點位移 jointdisplacement節(jié)間長度 panellength緊固螺栓 clampbolt,fasteningbolt精制螺栓 turnedbolt可焊性 weldability空腹桁架 open-webtruss空間桁架 spacetruss肋板 ribbedpanel,ribbedslab連接板 connectingplate,jointplate檁條 purline螺母 screwnut,nut螺栓 bolt螺栓孔 bolthole螺紋 screwthread,thread螺紋長度 lengthofthread螺紋鋼 screw-threadedsteel,twistedsteel拉桿 tierod,tensionrod滿焊 fullweld鉚釘 rivet錳鋼 manganesesteel噴砂 sandblasting輕鋼結構 lightweightsteelconstruction三角架 tripod上弦 topchord,upperchord上弦橫向水平支撐 upperlateralbracing上弦縱向水平支撐 upperlongitudinalbracing平面桁架 planetruss實腹剛架 solidwebrigidframe塔架 pylonbent特種鋼 specialsteel調(diào)和漆 mixedpaint貼角焊 filletweld,filletwelding托架 bracket網(wǎng)架結構 gridstructure屋架 rooftruss,principal無縫鋼管 seamlesssteelpipe系桿 tierod,tiebar,tie下弦 bottomchord,lowerchord下弦橫向水平支撐 bottomlateralbracing斜撐 diagonalbrace,diagonalbracing型鋼 sectionsteel,shapedsteel懸索 suspendedcable,suspensioncable壓力焊 pressurewelding仰焊 overheadwelding,invertedwelding翼緣 flange翼緣板 flangeplate,coverplate軋制型鋼 rolledsteelsection支撐 bracing,strutting鑄鐵管 castironpipe組合槽鋼 built-upchannel組合截面 built-upsection,compoundsection自動焊接 automaticweldinge.抗震設計e.DesignforAntiseismic鞭梢效應 whippingeffect場地類別 siteclassification場地土 sitesoil單自由度體系 single-degreeoffreedomsystem底部剪力法 equivalentbaseshearmethod地震 earthquake,seism地震烈度 earthquakeintensity,seismicintensity地震烈度區(qū)劃圖 mapofseismicintensityzoning地震影響系數(shù) seismicinfluencecoefficient地震作用 earthquakeaction多自由度體系 multi-degreeoffreedomsystem反應譜 responsespectrum抗震 earthquakeresistance抗震縫 seismicjoint,aseismicjoint抗震構造 aseismicconstruc