淺析老人與海中人與自然的關(guān)系

Ⅰ淺析《老人與海》中人與自然的關(guān)系摘要隨著科學(xué)水平不斷發(fā)展，人類認(rèn)識和改造自然的能力也大大提高。人類實(shí)踐的范圍不斷進(jìn)行擴(kuò)大，人類在征服和利用自然取得巨大成果的同時，大自然平衡狀態(tài)也被破壞的很嚴(yán)重。目前全球存在的人與自然的問題人口問題、資源問題、環(huán)境問題、生態(tài)問題等也是相當(dāng)突出?！独先伺c海》介紹了人與自然的關(guān)系，主人公桑地亞哥孤身一個人在大海上度過了三天三夜，他和海上的鳥、海中的魚等自然界中的生進(jìn)行過多次對話，作為一個老人，他在這次歷程中達(dá)到了自我實(shí)現(xiàn)并且充分體驗到了作為人和作為自然存在的大海之間的自由自在的關(guān)系。因此本文以《老人與海》為例，分析了人與自然的和諧與對立關(guān)系，通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)人類離不開自然，自然卻可以離開人類。如果人類遵守大自然的法則，人類就可以與自然和諧共處；如果人類不遵守，就會被大自然懲罰，所以人類應(yīng)該保護(hù)自然，建立優(yōu)美的生態(tài)環(huán)境以達(dá)成人與自然和諧共處的良好局面。關(guān)鍵詞：《老人與?！罚蝗伺c自然關(guān)系；和諧共生ⅡABSTRTCTWiththecontinuousdevelopmentofscientificlevel,human'sabilitytounderstandandtransformnaturehasbeengreatlyimproved.Thescopeofhumanpracticeisconstantlyexpanding.Whilehumanbeingshavemadegreatachievementsintheconquestanduseofnature,thebalanceofnaturehasalsobeenseriouslydestroyed.Atpresent,theglobalhumanandnaturalproblems,populationproblems,resourceproblems,environmentalproblemsandecologicalproblemsarealsoquiteprominent.TheOldManandtheSeaintroducestherelationshipbetweenmanandnature,theheroaloneinamanspentthreedaysandthreenightsonthesea,heandthebirdsinthesea,thefishinnaturehadmanytimes,asanoldman,heachievedtheself-realizationandfullexperienceashumanandnaturalasthefreerelationshipbetweenthesea.Therefore,takingtheOldManandtheSeaasanexample,thispaperanalyzestheharmonyandoppositionbetweenmanandnature.Throughtheanalysis,itisfoundthathumanbeingscannotleavenature,butnaturecanleavehumanbeings.Ifhumanbeingsobeythelawsofnature,humanbeingscanliveinharmonywithnature;ifnot,itwillbepunishedbynature,sohumanbeingsshouldprotectnatureandestablishabeautifulecologicalenvironmenttoachieveagoodsituationofharmoniouscoexistencebetweenmanandnature.KeyWords:TheOldManandtheSea;RelationshipbetweenManandNature;SymbiosisⅢTableofContents ChapterOneIntroduction onlydistinguishingsocialmovementsfromgeneralnaturalmovements,givingsocialmovementsspecialdevelopmentlawsandcharacteristics,butalsopromotingthenewevolutionofsubjectandobjectnature,layingtheimprintofhumanwillinnature,andpromotingnaturetotrulybecomeanotherinorganicbodyofman.Inthisprocess,objectificationactivitiesnotonlyprojecthumanneedsandpurposes,valuejudgments,moralchoicesandaesthetictastesintothenaturalworld,becomingthevaluedriversthatpromotenaturalevolution,butalsoenablethecontinuousexchangeofmaterials,informationandenergybetweenhumansandnature,andpromotetheincreasinggenerationofphysicalnaturetopeople,whichisthepracticalmotivationofnaturalevolution.Inaddition,objectificationactivities,asthedynamicreflectionofconsciousnesstonature,arethetheoreticalmotivesthatpromotenaturalevolution,especiallynaturalscienceconstitutesthemostbasicandimportanttheoreticalwayforhumanbeingstograspnature.Throughscienceandtechnology,humanbeingsusethepowerofnatureatadeeperlevel,makingnatureincreasinglybecometheobjectofman'sconfirmationandrealizationofhisownpersonality,andincreasinglybecomemanhimself.Second,naturalsystemshavecompositestructures.Undertheinfluenceofsocialmovements,thenaturalsystemhasbecomeanorganiccombinationofthreeparts:primordialnature,humanizednatureandartificialnature.Asthefirstnature,primordialnatureisafreenaturewithpriority.Theevolutionofthematerialworldisaprocessofself-creationandself-development,sothatthereisalwaysanaturalworldthatprecedesandisindependentofman.Humanizingnatureasthesecondnatureisnatureas"somethingforme."Asanaturalforce,manhimselfactsonhisexternalnaturewithlabor,whichnotonlypromotesthepersonalityandpotentialcontainedinthehumanbody,butalsochangesthenaturalecologythatheoccupiesandcontrols,andopensuptheevolutionofmaninbothinternalandexternalaspects.Artificialnature,asthethirdnature,isanewformofnatureas"somethingIamfor".Throughlabor,peopleusetheirwillandwisdomtocontinuouslycreateartificialobjectsandartificialenvironments,forminglivingconditionsthatwillneveroccurinnaturewithouttheparticipationofpeople,andtrulyprovidenewpossibilitiesfortheevolutionofnaturalsystems.Third,naturalevolutionhasadialecticaldirection.First,thematerialcompositionoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturedeterminestheobjectiveinevitabilityofnaturalevolution.Theobjectiverealityofprimordialnatureextendstohumanizednatureandartificialnaturethroughman'sobjectificationactivity,andmancanonlychangethematerialformbutcannotcreateandeliminatematteranditsmovement,andthuscannotchangethepriorityofnature.Second,thesocialcompositionoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturepresentsthedynamicselectivityofnaturalevolution.Throughlabor,maninjectspurposefulfactorsintoprimordialnaturetochangethefreestateofmatter,sothatthefirstnatureisgraduallytransformedintosomethingthatembodiesman'swillandmeetshisneeds,reflectingtheselectivecharacteristicsofthedirectionofnaturalsystemevolution.Finally,thecompositecompositionoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturepresentsthedialecticaldevelopmentofnaturalevolution.Onlyonthepedestalofsocietycantherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureunfold;Onlyinthefieldofcommunicationactivitiesbetweenmanandnaturecantheclosednatureofman,natureandsocietybebroken,andthethreeareinterconnectedandinteracting,thusopeninganewstageanddirectionofevolutionandformingasocialecologicalmovementlawthatintegratesthelawsofnatureandsociety.

ChapterFourEnlightenmentfromStudyingtheRelationshipbetweenHumansandNature4.1MaintainingBiodiversityonEarthandMaintaingEcosyytemBalanceThroughthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature,ithasbeenlearnedthatallkindsoforganismsinnatureareinterdependent,speciesinnatureareindispensable,andbiodiversityreferstothevariabilityinlivingorganismsfromallsources,includingterrestrial,marineandotheraquaticecosystemsandtheecologicalcomplexestheyconstitute,includingdiversitywithinspecies,betweenspeciesandecosystems.Ecosystembalancereferstothestateofmutualadaptation,coordinationandunitybetweenecosystemsandbetweenorganismsandtheenvironmentthroughthetransmissionandexchangeofinternalandexternalmaterials,energyandinformationwithinaspecificperiodoftime.Thebalanceofecosystemsdependslargelyonthebiodiversitywithintheecosystem,andthericherandmorecompletetheorganism,themorecomplexthestructureoftheecosystem.Thebalanceoftheecosystemisthemostbasicguaranteeforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumanbeings,andallhumanpracticalactivitiesarecarriedoutonthebasisofthisdynamicbalance,sohumanbeingsshouldfollowthelawsofnature,protectthevalueandcontinuityofbiodiversity,maintainthestability,integrityanddiversityofnature,andestablishaharmoniouspartnershipbetweenmanandnature.4.2EstablishaSoundEnvironmentalProtectionSystemandLawsandRegulationsToachievetheharmoniousdevelopmentofmanandnature,itmustbeguaranteedbytherelevantlegalandregulatorysystems.Today,whenadvocatingtheconstructionofecologicalcivilization,theconstructionofenvironmentallegalsystemshouldadheretothebasicprincipleof"people-oriented",embodythevaluesof"coordinationbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection"and"harmoniouscoexistencebetweenmanandnature",andpromotetheestablishmentofamodernenvironmentallegalprotectionsystem.Atpresent,theexistingenvironmentallegalprotectionsystemisbasedonagriculturalcivilizationandindustrialcivilization,whichdoesnotfullyreflectthepurposeofcoordinatingenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopment.AlthoughenvironmentalprotectionhasbecomeabasicnationalpolicyinChina,therelevantlegalsystemisstillnotperfect.Inparticular,locallawsandregulationsareweakandcannoteffectivelysolveregionalenvironmentalproblems.Tothisend,itisfirstnecessarytostudyamorecomprehensiveandsystematiclegislativesystemonthecoordinationofenvironmentalprotectionandeconomy,andgraduallyimplementitinthefuture,andstrengthenlawenforcementinthetworelativelyweaklinksofimplementationandsupervision,strictlyenforcelawenforcementsupervision,sothatordersmustbecarriedoutandprohibitionsmustbestopped,andtheauthorityofthelawmustbeestablishedandbroughtintoplay,soastoprovideasolidlegalguaranteeforecologicalcivilization.ChapterFiveConclusionTheOldManandtheSeatellsushowtheoldmanfightsagainstthenature.Itshowstherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Ononehandmanandnatureareharmonious,ontheotherhandmanandnatureareconflicting.ItalsoshowsthatamancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeatedInthisbattle,Santiagotrieshisbesttofightagainstmarlinandsharks.Undertremendousphysicalandmentaltortures,theoldmanisthewinner:He'slookingMarlinandsharkshavebecomeghosts.MankindconquersnaturewithhumanexperienceandwisdomandtheuseofaweaponButduringthebattleheisinjured,allofthismakeshimexhausted.Moreimportantly,thebeautifulandnoblefishconqueredhim.Inthisdealfortwodaysandtwonights,theoldman'shandiswoundedandhisshoulderwaseverunbearable.Thebigwaveknockshimonboardandthefacewasbroken.Bloodflowsontheground.Excessivefatigueanddizzinessmakehimfeelisolatedandhelpless.Hehopesthatsomeonehelpedhim.Hisheartfelt"Youaretiredoldman"15and"Youaretiredinside"16Thisisastrugglebetweenmanandnatureinthesoultragedy.Theoldmanismadetopayaheavypricepointvictory,andultimatelyirreparablefailureButfromanothrsense,heisalsoawinner.Becausenomatterhowarduoustheenvironmentis,hedoesnotbowtofate;hefightsagainstthemwithhiscourage,determinationandwisdom.AlthoughhedoesnotkeephugeMarlin,hehasdefendedthedignityofaperson'ssoul.Heisavictoryofthelosers,afailedhero.Inthenoveltheseaandsharkssymbolizethesocialandnaturalforces,whichwagedalife-and-deathstruggleintheoldman.Thebattleisaperformanceoftheincomparablestrengthandcourage,andshowspeople'sdignity:themarliniseaten,butthespirithasnotbeendefeated."Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated"170ntheotherhand,asapartofthenature,Santiagolivesonnaturelovesitandhopesthatthereisharmonybetweenmanandnature.Yetthevanityof'self-confidence,arrogancedestroystheharmony.Asthepartofnature,mankindcanjustusenaturebutcan'tconquernature.Throughthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureintheoldmanandthesea,alotofenlightenmenthasbeenobtained,manandnatureshouldliveinharmony,andhumanbeingsshouldrespectnatureandprotectnature.Fromancienttimestothepresent,everyprogressofhumanbeingshasalottodowithnature,andhumanbeingshavealsolearnedalotofknowledgethroughnature,anditcanbesaidthatnatureistheearliestteacherofhumanbeings.Ibelieveth