專題05 構(gòu)詞法（講練）（原卷版）-2024中考英語二輪復習

1/1專題05構(gòu)詞法詞類的構(gòu)成考點主要分布在語法填空中，懂得詞類的構(gòu)成對我們平時學習英語幫助極大。1.（江蘇泰州）Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isworld’s________(one)citytohostOlympicGamestwice.【答案】first【解析】句意：中國首都北京是世界上第一個兩次舉辦奧運會的城市。根據(jù)“citytohostOlympicGamestwice”可知，此處是指第一個兩次舉辦奧運會的城市，表示順序用序數(shù)詞first“第一”。故填first。2.（江蘇泰州）Withthe________(develop)ofthesociety,moreandmorepeopledevotetheirenergytocharity.【答案】development【解析】句意：隨著社會的發(fā)展，越來越多的人將精力投入到慈善事業(yè)中?？崭裎挥凇皌he”和“of”之間，用名詞形式development“發(fā)展”，固定短語withthedevelopmentof“隨著……的發(fā)展”。故填development。3.（2023·江蘇泰州）Audiobooks(有聲讀物)aresowelcomethatthenumberofthelistenersisincreasing________(rapid).【答案】rapidly【解析】句意：有聲讀物是如此受歡迎，聽眾的數(shù)量正在增加。此處在句中修飾動詞，用副詞形式，故填rapidly。（2023·深圳一模）HowmuchdoyouknowaboutWushu?Wushu,alsoknownasmartialarts,isoneoftheearliest___36___(sport)inChina.Itusesbothbodyandbrain.What’smore,Wushuisanoutstandingexampleof___37___(tradition)Chineseculture.Itcanexplain___38___Chinesepeopleunderstandtheworld.Overitslonghistory,Wushu___39___(develop)intoaspecialunityofexercise,self-protectionandart.Asasportand___40___artisticform,WushuwinsgreatpopularityinChina.InShenzhen,someschoolshaveWushuclassesforkids.Everytraining___41___(require)studentstotakeitseriously.Onlybytraininghardcantheybuildup___42___(they)bodiesandmeetthechallengesinthefuture.Asacompetitivesportwithgreatfitnessvalue,Wushuhasspread___43___(wide)acrosstheworld.BruceLeehelpedmakeWushuworld-famous.Thankstohim,theword“kungfu”appearedinmanyforeignlanguagedictionaries.ManyChinesehavesetupWushuschoolsoutsideChina,providingpeople___44___thechancetoexperiencethefantasticsport.DuringtheHangzhouAsianGamesin2023,morepeoplewereable___45___(enjoy)thebeautyofWushu.【答案】36.sports37.traditional38.how39.hasdeveloped40.an41.requires42.their43.widely44.with45.toenjoy37題和43題都是詞形變化題37.句意：更重要的是，武術(shù)是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的杰出代表。此處修飾名詞短語Chineseculture，用形容詞traditional“傳統(tǒng)的”，作定語。故填traditional。43.句意：武術(shù)作為一項極具健身價值的競技體育項目，在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛傳播。此處修飾動詞hasspread，用副詞形式。故填widely。（一）合成法由兩個或多個單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫作合成法，合成的詞叫作合成詞。初中階段最常見的合成詞是名詞，如：homework作業(yè) notebook筆記本 schoolbag書包 basketball籃球 football足球 playground操場 birthday生日 postcard明信片 weekend周末 bathroom浴室 bedroom臥室 classroom教室fireman消防員 policeman警察 postman郵遞員rainbow彩虹 spaceship宇宙飛船 spacesuit宇航服 snowman雪人 gentleman紳士其他常用的合成詞：everyday每天的 hard-working努力的 online在線的 outdoors在戶外 outside在外面 anybody/anyone任何人 anything任何事（物）anywhere任何地方everybody/everyone每個人 everything所有事（物） everywhere處處 somebody/someone某人something某事（物） somewhere某處nobody沒人 nothing沒有事（物） nowhere無處（二）派生法由一個詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫作派生法。1.前綴：通常變詞義，不變詞性常用的前綴示例dis-表示否定、相反或相對，可用在動詞、名詞、形容詞前agree同意→disagree不同意appear出現(xiàn)→disappear消失like喜歡→dislike不喜歡advantage優(yōu)點→disadvantage缺點honest誠實的→dishonest不誠實的un-,im-,in-,ir-,il-表示否定意義，多用于形容詞前happy開心的→unhappy不開心的healthy健康的→unhealthy不健康的polite禮貌的→impolite不禮貌的possible可能的→impossible不可能的correct正確的→incorrect不正確的regular規(guī)則的→irregular不規(guī)則的legal合法的→illegal不合法的re-表示“重新；再”，用在動詞前build建造→rebuild重建cycle循環(huán)→recycle再循環(huán)view觀察→review復習2.后綴：通常變詞性（1）常用的形容詞后綴常用的形容詞后綴示例-able(n./v.→adj.)表示“可以……的；顯示……性質(zhì)”accept接受→acceptable可接受的drink喝；飲→drinkable可飲用的comfort舒適→comfortable舒服的fashion時尚→fashionable流行的value價值→valuable寶貴的-ful(n.→adj.)表示“充滿……的”beauty美麗→beautiful美麗的cheer快樂→cheerful快樂的success成功→successful成功的harm傷害→harmful有害的-less(n.→adj.)表示“沒有……的”care謹慎→careless粗心的home家→homeless無家可歸的life生命→lifeless無生命的help幫助→helpless無助的-ous(n.→adj.)表示“有……性質(zhì)的”danger危險→dangerous危險的fame名聲→famous有名的humor幽默→humorous幽默的-y(n.→adj.)表示“有……特征的”cloud云→cloudy多云的rain雨→rainy下雨的health健康→healthy健康的-ly(n.→adj.)表示“有……性質(zhì)的”friend朋友→friendly友好的love愛→lovely可愛的day一天→daily每天的-ing/-ed(v.→adj.)表示“有……特征的”surprise吃驚→surprising令人吃驚的；surprised感到驚訝的relax放松→relaxing令人輕松的；relaxed放松的，自在的其他形式：-ish,-ive,-en,-ern,-al等fool傻瓜→foolish愚蠢的attract吸引→attractive有吸引力的gold金子→golden金的south南方→southern南方的tradition傳統(tǒng)→traditional傳統(tǒng)的（2）常用的名詞后綴常用的名詞后綴示例-er/or(v.→n.)表示人或物drive駕駛→driver司機work工作→worker工人sing唱歌→singer歌手speak說話→speaker發(fā)言者；揚聲器cook烹飪→cooker爐具contain容納→container容器invent發(fā)明→inventor發(fā)明家visit參觀→visitor游客-tion(v.→n.)表示行為或結(jié)果act行動→action行動invent發(fā)明→invention發(fā)明pollute污染→pollution污染introduce介紹→introduction介紹celebrate慶?！鷆elebration慶祝invite邀請→invitation邀請-ment(v.→n.)表示行為或結(jié)果agree同意→agreement同意develop發(fā)展→development發(fā)展achieve取得成就→achievement成就announce宣布→announcement公告advertise做廣告→advertisement廣告-ness(adj.→n.)表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)happy幸福的→happiness幸福sad悲傷的→sadness悲傷ill生病的→illness疾病-dom(adj./n.→n.)表示狀況、領(lǐng)域free自由的→freedom自由wise睿智的→wisdom智慧king國王→kingdom王國其他形式：-th,-ty,-ence,-ance,-hood,-ist,-ian,-an,-ese等dead死的→death死亡true真實的→truth真相safe安全的→safety安全difficult困難的→difficulty困難different不同的→difference差別important重要的→importance重要性child小孩→childhood童年science科學→scientist科學家music音樂→musician音樂家Africa非洲→African非洲人China中國→Chinese中國人（3）常用的動詞后綴常用的動詞后綴示例-ize(n./adj.→v.)表示“使……成為；使……化”apology道歉→apologize道歉memory記憶→memorize記住real真的→realize認識到-fy(n./adj.→v.)表示“使……成為；使……進入狀態(tài)”beauty美→beautify美化simple簡單的→simplify簡化-en(n./adj.→v.)表示“使……”fright恐怖→frighten使驚恐short短的→shorten縮短（4）常用的副詞后綴常用的副詞后綴示例-ly(adj.→adv.)表示方式、程度careful小心的→carefully謹慎地angry生氣的→angrily生氣地-ward(s)(adv.→adv.)表示“向……”to朝；向→toward(s)朝著fore在前面→forward(s)向前（5）常用的數(shù)詞后綴常用的數(shù)詞后綴示例-teen表示“十幾”six六→sixteen十六-ty表示“整十位數(shù)”six六→sixty六十-th表示“序數(shù)詞”six六→sixth第六（三）轉(zhuǎn)化法一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。常見的轉(zhuǎn)化示例動詞→名詞walkv.走路；步行→walkn.散步Iusuallywalkhomeafterwork.我通常下班后步行回家。Let’sgooutforawalk.我們?nèi)ネ饷嫔⑸⒉桨?。名詞→動詞milkn.牛奶→milkv.擠奶Wouldyoulikemilkinyourcoffee?你想要咖啡里加奶嗎？Tomhelpedhismothermilkthecow.湯姆幫媽媽給牛擠奶。形容詞→動詞dryadj.干燥的→dryv.弄干It’shotanddryhereinsummer.這里的夏季炎熱干燥。Usethetoweltodryyourhands.用這條毛巾把手擦干。一、單項選擇1.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedinthesamewayas“impolite”?A.blackboard B.uncertain C.chairperson D.earthquake2.Weformanewword“________”inadifferentwayfromtheotherthree.A.firefighter B.noticeboard C.impatient D.greenhouse3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedthesamewayas“housework”?A.instruction B.uncertain C.cheerful D.chairperson4.Wecanaddprefix“im-”tothefollowingwordstoformnewwordswiththeoppositemeaning_______.A.honest B.correct C.common D.partial5.Wecanputtheprefix“un”beforethefollowingwordstogivethemtheoppositemeaningEXCEPT________.A.active B.certain C.important D.finished6.Whichofthefollowingwordshasadifferentprefixtomakeithaveanoppositemeaning?A.possible B.polite C.correct D.patient7.“……Shouldyouthfulheadsinvainturngrey.wewouldregretforaye.”——TheRiverAllRedbyXuYuanchong.Whichwordisformedinthesamewayas“youthful”?A.disappear B.dangerous C.footprint D.impossible8.Anadultpanda_________100-150kilograms.Thatistosay,its_________is100-150kilograms.A.weight;weight B.weighs;weighs C.weight;weigh D.weighs;weight9.Heworkshardandisoften_______.Ihopehewillhavemore_______athisbusiness.A.successful;success B.success;successfulC.successfully;successful D.successful;successful10.—What______you,dad?—Iwas______thatthedogcoulddosomanyusefulthingsforthedisabled.A.surprised;surprised B.surprising;surprisingC.surprised;surprising D.surprising;surprise二、用詞的適當形式填空1.Hehithishand(heavy)againstthewall.2.—Ourneighbournextdoorisputtingsomethingonthewall.—It’s(possible)tosleepwithallthatnoise.3.Iaskedhimtohelpmebuthe(agree).4.Someinsectsareandweshouldtrynottokillthem.(harm)5.Therearemanyforeign(visit)inourschooltoday.6.It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishwithgreat.(patient)7.Poorlittlegirl!Itisforhertosuffersomuch.Let’sgiveherahand.(fair)8.Ifwedon’ttakeactiontoprotecttheforests,theywillsoon.(appear)9.Mozartwasafamous(music)intheworld.10.LiJunwas(lucky)becausehiscarbrokedownyesterday.11.Youshouldtakeanactivepartinthe(discuss).12.Hismotherisanurseandhisfatherisa(manage).13.Themanfoundhimself(able)towalkandfelthopeless.14.Amyisa(n)(usual)womanfromAmerica.Sheisafamousartistnow.15.It’s(pleasant)toseesomuchsmoginthesky.16.Iwanttobeafiremaninthefuture,butmyparents（agree）.Theywantmetobecomeadoctor.17.Thereisalotof(pollute)inthisriver.18.Theyarejustkidding.Don’ttakeit(serious).19.Shethinksagoodfriendmustknowher(true).20.Heinventedamachinetopeopleinwheelchairstogoupthestairs.(able)21.Asweallknow,thinkingisreallyimportanttostudents.(dependent)22.Most(west)peoplelikeeatingfastfood.23.Howthosepeopledeeplyinfluencedbywarswishtolive(peace)!24.Myfatherkeepsdiariestorememberhis(day)life.25.Itwas(sun)yesterday,butthereismuchraintoday.26.Youcanfindthose(climb)namesonthehomepageofourclub.27.Alotof(art)performplays,concertsandoperasthere.28.Therearefourgirlsintheshop.(Germany)29.Sheworks(careful)inherschool.30.Iknowheis(aware)ofhismistakebecausehestillactsinthesameoldway.31.Weallliveinaplace—theEarth.(beauty)32.Noonewaswillingtohelptheoldmanandhefelt(help).33.Someoneissingingatthebackofthehall.(loud)34.—AreyouabletofixtheTVMike?—No,I’m(certainly)thatIcandoitmyself.35.Whenyoumakea(decide),youmustbecareful.36.Your(suggest)isofgreatvalueandisreallyworthtaking.Thankyousomuch!37.Hewastiredoutthathefoundhimself(able)tomoveoutofthehotel.38.Becauseofthewolf,everyoneinthetownisfeeling.(easy)39.Hewrotelotsofbooksforyoungpeople.(science)40.Ihavegotaheadache,soIfeel(comfortable)now.41.Maryisan(Australia)girl,sosheknowsalotaboutkoalas.42.Allthedriversmustremember(safe)isfirst.43.Hedidn’tact(normal)yesterdayandhehadfewwordsthewholeafternoon.44.Weshouldhelpthe(able)people.Lifeishardforthem.45.WhenIhelpothers,Ihaveastrong(feel)ofsatisfaction.46.Thanksverymuchforyour(kind).47.Thanksforyour(invite),butIdon’thavetimetotheparty.48.Hecookedthesoupbyputtingintoomuch.(salty)49.Thetiredstudentsarrivedatthecampsite.(final)50.Weoftenseesomepeopleinthestreetinsomepoorcountries.(home)51.MytriptotheUKis(education).52.Heshoutedatagirl.How(polite)hewas!53.Thetwo（travel）weretrapped（被困）onthemountainbytheterriblestorm.54.Sheisanexcellent(cooker).Welikeherdishesverymuch.55.WherecanlearnmoreabouttheWestLakeinHangzhou?(tour)56.Thesaysguestsshouldweareveningdresstotheparty.(invite)57.Thiswasavery(use)lessonforher.58.His(ill)wasmoreseriousthanthedoctorfirstthought.59.Look!HowKateislaughing!(happy)60.Thelittlegirl’sfaceturnedredbecauseofher.(shy)61.It’sverytoplaythesocceronthestreet.(danger)62.Therewerenotmanypeopleinthesupermarket,soitwas.(crowd)63.LiMinggoestoseehisgrandparentsata(fix)dateeverymonth..64.Ican’tunderstandthe(mean)ofallthenewwords.65.MsZhangisourEnglish(teach).She(teach)uswell.66.Weweretouchedbytheofthewelcome.(warm)67.Thetwoboysliketowritestoriesandwanttobe(report)68.Theweatherwas(fair)finesowecouldgocampingyesterday.69.Theofthatbridgeisover200metres.(long)70.MysisterfeltsosadtofindthatitwastocleanherfavouriteT-shirt.(hope)71.(lucky)becausewedidn’tpassthemathtestyesterday.72.Ifyoukeeponworkinghard,youwillbe(success).73.Parentsoftenfeel(help),knowingthatalltheeffortswon'timprovetheirchild'sstudy.74.(sudden)Alicefellintoaholeinthegroundyesterday.75.Many(visit)cametothehometownofthegreatmanduringthevacation.76.Alltheseinterestingexperimentscanourknowledge.（wide）77.Manystudentsget(sleep)afteradayofclasses.78.Theywentintothebedroom（quiet）.79.Themeasureisnot（suit）forthefarmers.80.It’scoolandsunnytoday.It’sa（relax）day.81.Shelikesverymuchandshewantstobean(art).82.Theredboxisthe(heavy)ofthefive.83.Manypeopleknowthatthezipperisagreat(invent)inourdailylife.84.Atruefriendcanhelpyougetoutof(sad)whenyou’reunhappy.85.Manypopstarsdislikebeingasked(person)questionsinpublic.86.Jim'sEnglishmagazineisn'tas(interest)asthatone.87.Youshouldmakeanapologytoherforyour(careless).88.Ithinkfriendshipismuch

(value)thanmoney.89.Pandaiskindof(love)animal,Ilikeitverymuch.90.Itistoeatlotsofchocolatebeforethemainmeals.(health)91.Hepractices(care)thisweekthanlastweek.92.WuJingisawell-known（direct）.Heispopularamongfilmlovers.93.Tomydisappointment,thenewmovieisso(meaning).94.Pleasemakea(decide)tochoosewhichoneisthebest.95.Theplanisnotanew(discover),it’sbeenknownforyears.96.Itwillbeagood(choose)totakethehigh-speedtraintoYanchengfromSuqiannextyear.97.Everychildwantstobethe(proud)oftheirparents.98.Ifyoudon’thaveadeeploveforsomething,don’tbe(satisfy)untilyoufindone.99.Wildanimalswhicharenowindangerneedour(protect).100.Themanisstillan(know)writer,butheissuretobefamous.101.Nothingisawasteifwehavea(create)mind.102.Theteachertoldustopayattentionto(spell)Englishwords.103.Eachofusspokeatthemeeting(active).104．His________(know)ofEnglishisverylimited.105．Everyoneisbornwiththe________tolearn.(able)106．Withthehelpoftheteacher,therehasbeenagreat________inherspokenEnglish.(improve)107.Wouldyoutellmethe(pronounce)ofthenewword?

108.Youcan'tloseyour________withher;instead,youshouldbe_______withher.(patient)109.TheSpringFestivalisoneofthemostimportant________(tradition)festivalsinChina.110.TheStoryofWhiteSnakeisso________thatallofusare________.(touch)111.The__________(die)ofTom’spetmadehimrathersad.

112.Thegametellschildrenthe_____________(important)ofsharingloveandjoy.

113.What’sthe_________ofdoingthat?Heisnotsogenerous,heisa_______man.(mean)114.Theboylaughed(excite)afterheheardthegoodnews.

115.Englishisdifficultforme.Canyougivemesome?(suggest)

116.This5-year-oldboyhassuchagoodsenseof(direct)thathenevergetslost.

117.Myteacherpointedoutthewrongchoiceof________inmycomposition.(express)118.TheUKisanold________country,wheretherearemanypalacesandcastles.(Europe)119.Chinaisancountry,andwecomefrom______________.(Asia)

120.The(local)oftheJoyCityisverygood.ItisclosetotheWildGoosePagoda.

121.Thehotelhadagreat(celebrate)foritsopening.

122.Thebookisbasedon(history)events.

123．Goodhobbiescanalwaysbringus___________(happy).124.Youcanseelotsof(nation)flagsflyingoverthesquare.

125.Thebookdescribeswherethefinesttealeaves__________(produce).126.Ican'tstandthenoisehere.It'stoo(noise)and