2024屆河北省邯鄲市高三下學(xué)期第三次調(diào)研考試英語試題（解析版）

第1頁/共1頁邯鄲市2024屆高三年級第三次調(diào)研考試英語考生注意：1.答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上,并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C.三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C1.Whatdoesthemanofferthewoman?A.Aride.B.Aticket.C.Anumbrella.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Vegetables.B.Clothes.C.Sports.3.Howdoesthemansound?A.Excited.B.Disappointed.C.Surprised.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shelovesdogs.B.Shekeepsnopets.C.Shethinkscatsaredirty.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inacoffeeshop.B.Nearthelibrary.C.Nexttothepostoffice.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Intheevening.B.Atnoon.C.Inthemorning.7.Whatdoestherestaurantofferforfree?A.Tea.B.Sweetdumplings.C.Slicednoodles.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthemancomplainabout?A.Thehotel.B.Thefood.C.Theservice.9.Whathappenedtothemanonthetrip?A.Hefellill.B.Hegotlost.C.Hehadanaccident.10.Howdidthemangetbacktothehotel?A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Onfoot.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.Whendidtheclubopenagain?A.Onthetwelfth.B.Onthethirteenth.C.Onthefourteenth.12.Whyisthemanlookingfortoday’snewspaper?A.Tofindouttoday’sdate.BTogetsomeimportantnews.C.Toknowwhatfilmsareonthisweek.13.WhatwillthewomandoonSaturday?A.Seeafilm.B.Playtennis.C.Visitherfamily.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14Whatdoesthemanusebatteriesfor?A.Thecar.B.Theclock.C.Theradio.15.Whereistheman’scoffeeusuallykept?A.Underashelf.B.Onashelf.C.Onatable.16.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Fatheranddaughter.17.Whatdoesthemanoffertodointheend?A.Dotheshopping.B.Cookdinner.C.Makeacall.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.Whatdidthespeakerputinsidetheboxintheexperiment?A.Somecandies.B.Acard.C.Atoy.19.Whichgroupofchildrentoldliesmostoftenduringtheexperiment?A.Thefive-year-olds.B.Thesix-year-olds.C.Theseven-year-olds.20.Whatdidthechildrenunderseventhinkoflying?A.Itwasuseless.B.Itwouldbringthemself-respect.C.Itcouldhelpthemtoavoidtrouble.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上該項涂黑。AIfyou’relookingforsomefestiveatmosphere,here’spartoftheFloridafestivalcalendar.KumquatFestival,DadeCity,Jan.27ThedowntowninDadeCityfillswithasmanyas35,000peopleforthisfreeeventcelebratingthetangylittlefruitgrownlocally.Alongwithdozensofboothsandliveentertainment,ahighlightisenjoyingkumquattreats,fromkumquatpie,kumquatcookiestokumquatsalad.SunnylandBoatFestival,Tavares,Mar.22-24Thisantiqueandclassicboatfestivalisoneofthelargestclassicwoodboatshowsinthecountrywithasmanyas250to300restoredancientboatsondisplayinthewaterandalongonethirdofamileofLakeDorashorelineatWootonParkinTavares,whichisreallyafeasttotheeyeforfree.SiestaKeySunsculptingFestival,Sarasota,Nov.10-13TwodozenprofessionalartistscompeteincreatingsculpturesonthegorgeousSiestaKeybeach.Thosewhobuyticketscanwatchthesculpturestakeshape,viewthemundercoloredlightsatnight,seedemonstrationsandtakelessons.Thepartyatmosphereincludesatentwithfulbar(noticketrequired)andavendor(小販)village.ArtBaselMiamiBeach,MiamiBeach,Dec.8-10ArtBasel,aninternationalartfair,drawstopgalleriesfromaroundtheworldplustherichandcelebritiestoSouthFlorida.AfarcryfromthestreetartfestivalsalloverFlorida,thisisaneventthatisnotcheap-Ticketsstartat$65.Overtheyears,however,avarietyofsatelliteeventshavedeveloped,creatingart-relatedeventsforregularfolks,includingMiamiArtWeek.1.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheeventheldinDadeCity?A.Learnsculpturingskills. B.Tasteaspeciallocalfruit.C.Setupatentofyourown. D.Competewithprofessionals.2.WhatdoSiestaKeySunsculptingFestivalandArtBaselMiamiBeachhaveincommon?A.Theychargeforadmission. B.Theytakeplaceonthesamebeach.C.Theyaredesignedforartists. D.Theyhavegeneratedsmallerevents.3.Whichfestivaloffersachancetoreflectonthepastdays?A.KumquatFestival. B.SunnylandBoatFestival.C.ArtBaselMiamiBeach. D.SiestaKeySunsculptingFestival.【答案】1.B2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。如果你想尋找一些節(jié)日氣氛，這里是佛羅里達(dá)州節(jié)日日歷的一部分。本文主要介紹了四個佛羅里達(dá)州的節(jié)日?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KumquatFestival,DadeCity,Jan.27部分的“Alongwithdozensofboothsandliveentertainment,ahighlightisenjoyingkumquattreats,fromkumquatpie,kumquatcookiestokumquatsalad.(除了數(shù)十個展位和現(xiàn)場娛樂外，一個亮點是享用金桔美食，從金桔派、金桔餅干到金桔沙拉。)”可知，在戴德市舉行的活動中，游客可以品嘗當(dāng)?shù)靥厣鸾?。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SiestaKeySunsculptingFestival,Sarasota,Nov.10-13部分的“Thosewhobuyticketscanwatchthesculpturestakeshape,viewthemundercoloredlightsatnight,seedemonstrationsandtakelessons.(買票的人可以觀看雕塑的成型，晚上在彩燈下觀看，觀看演示和上課。)”和ArtBaselMiamiBeach,MiamiBeach,Dec.8-10部分的“AfarcryfromthestreetartfestivalsalloverFlorida,thisisaneventthatisnotcheap-Ticketsstartat$65.(與佛羅里達(dá)州各地的街頭藝術(shù)節(jié)相去甚遠(yuǎn)，這是一個不便宜的活動。門票起價65美元。)”可知，SiestaKeySunscomptingFestival和ArtBaselMiamiBeach都收取入場費。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)SunnylandBoatFestival,Tavares,Mar.22-24部分的“Thisantiqueandclassicboatfestivalisoneofthelargestclassicwoodboatshowsinthecountrywithasmanyas250to300restoredancientboatsondisplayinthewaterandalongonethirdofamileofLakeDorashorelineatWootonParkinTavares,whichisreallyafeasttotheeyeforfree.(這個古老而經(jīng)典的船節(jié)是該國最大的經(jīng)典木船展之一，在塔瓦雷斯的伍頓公園，有多達(dá)250至300艘修復(fù)的古船在水中和三分之一英里的多拉湖海岸線上展出，這真的是一場免費的盛宴。)”可知，SunnylandBoatFestival提供了一個反思過去日子的機(jī)會。故選B。BAfewyearsago,Iaskedaneighborhoodhandymantobuildatree-houseinmybackyard.Inpart,thiswastosolveaproblem:mychildrenweregoodfriendswiththechildrenwholivedbesideusandtheylikedtoclimboverthefencethatseparatedthetwoyards.Wecouldhavejustputagateintothefence,butIdecidedthatbuildingsomekindofclimbablestructurearoundthelargefirtreeintheyard,whichalsoincludedastaircaseintotheneighbor’syard,wasamorecreativesolutiontotheproblem,andIlikedtheideathatthetree-housewouldalsoservetojointhetwoplayspacestogether.ThehandymantookthetaskmuchmoreseriouslythanIhadexpected.Hemadedrawings,builtsmallwoodenmodels,andevenheldakindof“visioning”exercisewiththechildrenandtheirparentstomakesurethathehadn’tmissedanyimportantdetails.Attheendofourlengthydiscussions,heasked,“Wherewouldyoulikemetoputthebeerrail?”ThequestiontookmeabackasIhadn’treallyconsideredthepossibilitythataniceplaystructureinmyyardmightalsofacilitatebeerconsumptionamongtheneighborhoodchildren,butIquicklytunedintothefactthatourdesignerhadintuitedwhatshouldhavebeenobvioustome-thechildrenwouldn’tbetheonlyonestotakeadvantageofthisplatformupamongthebranchesofthebeautifuloldtree.And,indeed,overtheyearsthatIlivedinthathouseIdiscoveredthattheplatformmadeaprettygoodperch(棲息處),notonlyfortheoccasionalcoldbeer,butalsoforsittinganddreaming,readingabook,enjoyingapicnicorevengettingsomewritingdone.Mychildrenenjoyedclimbingaroundinthetree-house,playingtag,settingupimaginarypirateshipsandfortresses(城堡),andtheyalsouseditforsomequietthinkingandeventheoccasionalmathhomework.Thetreeseemedtobeaparticularlygoodalgebratutor.4.Whydidtheauthorprefertobuildastaircase?A.Itwouldmakethetree-houselookprettier.B.Itwouldgivebetterprotectiontothefence.C.Itwouldbefinishedatlowcost.D.Itwouldconnecttheneighbor’skidsmoreclosely.5.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofbuildinga“beerrail”initially?A.Itwasoutofdate. B.Itwasunnecessary.C.Itwasunaffordable. D.Itwastoocomplicated.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intuited”inparagraph3mean?A.Misunderstood. B.Examined. C.Recognized. D.Proved.7.Whichcanbestdescribethehandyman?A.Ambitiousandpersuasive. B.Strictandkind-hearted.C.Carefulandfar-sighted. D.Humbleandgenerous.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述作者在后院建一個樹屋方便孩子和鄰居家的孩子玩耍的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“butIdecidedthatbuildingsomekindofclimbablestructurearoundthelargefirtreeintheyard,whichalsoincludedastaircaseintotheneighbor’syard,wasamorecreativesolutiontotheproblem,andIlikedtheideathatthetree-housewouldalsoservetojointhetwoplayspacestogether(但我決定在院子里的大冷杉樹周圍建造一些可攀爬的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中還包括通往鄰居院子的樓梯，這是一個更有創(chuàng)意的解決方案，我喜歡這個想法，樹屋也可以將兩個玩?？臻g連接在一起)”可知，作者選擇建一個樓梯是因為這更有創(chuàng)意，將兩個玩?？臻g連接在一起，方便兩家孩子玩耍，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThequestiontookmeabackasIhadn’treallyconsideredthepossibilitythataniceplaystructureinmyyardmightalsofacilitatebeerconsumptionamongtheneighborhoodchildren(這個問題讓我吃了一驚，因為我并沒有真正考慮到在我的院子里建一個漂亮的游戲結(jié)構(gòu)可能也會促進(jìn)鄰居孩子們喝啤酒的可能性)”可知，作者一開始沒有考慮在院子里建一個漂亮的游戲結(jié)構(gòu)可能也會促進(jìn)鄰居孩子們喝啤酒的可能性，由此推知作者一開始認(rèn)為沒有必要建啤酒橫桿，故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Attheendofourlengthydiscussions,heasked,‘Wherewouldyoulikemetoputthebeerrail?’(在我們漫長的討論結(jié)束時，他問我：‘你想讓我把啤酒橫桿放在哪里？’)”和劃線詞下文“thechildrenwouldn’tbetheonlyonestotakeadvantageofthisplatformupamongthebranchesofthebeautifuloldtree(孩子們不會是唯一利用這個位于美麗的老樹的樹枝上的平臺)”可知，勤雜工問作者把啤酒橫桿建在哪里，說明他意識到了孩子們不會是唯一使用這個平臺的人，intuited意為“知道，意識到”，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThehandymantookthetaskmuchmoreseriouslythanIhadexpected.(這個勤雜工對待這項工作比我預(yù)料的要認(rèn)真得多)”和第三段中“butIquicklytunedintothefactthatourdesignerhadintuitedwhatshouldhavebeenobvioustome(但我很快就意識到，我們的設(shè)計師已經(jīng)憑直覺發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個對我來說應(yīng)該很明顯的事實)”可知，這名勤雜工做事認(rèn)真，且從長遠(yuǎn)角度發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個作者忽視的事實，頗有遠(yuǎn)見，故選C。CWhydochildrenlearnsoquickly?Isitsimplyanecessity,orisachild’sbrainmorecapableoftakinginnewinformationthananadult’sbrain?“Itisacommonwayofthinkingthat‘childrenarelikesponges’andhavethemagicalabilitytolearnnewskillsfasterthananadult,buttherearesomemisconceptionshere,“saidDebbieRaven,aresearcherattheUniversityofChester.“Achild’scognitive(認(rèn)知的)developmentisage-relatedand,naturally,childrenperformworsethantheirolderpeersinmostareas.However,therearetimeswhenbeingyoungbringsanadvantage,andthisisespeciallytruearoundtheirearliestyears.Thisadvantageislargelyduetoneuroplasticity,meaningthebrain’sabilitytoformandchangeitsconnections,pathwaysandwiringbasedonexperiences.Neuroplasticityiswhatgiveschildrenthecapacitytolearn-and,ifnecessary,unlearn-habits,routines,approachesandactionsveryquickly.Thisabilityismostconstantandrapidbeforeachild’sfifthbirthday,whenmuchofwhattheyencounterorexperienceisnovel.“Thisabilitytolearnquicklyisconnectedtoseveralareas,includingplasticity,theirexperienceswithadults,theirenvironment,andtheirbiologicaldrivetoexplore,“Ravensaid.“Childhoodisaplacewherechildrenspendtheirtimecatchingupwithadults’moresophisticatedabilities.“Languagelearning,inparticular,isanareawherechildrenoftenhaveahugeadvantageoveradults.Thisislargelybecause“babiesareabletotuneintotherhythmandsoundsusedintheirnativelanguage,andcanthereforebecomefluentspeakersbytheageoffour.“Thisabilitycanhelpyoungchildrenlearnasecondorthirdlanguagewithapparentease,Ravensaid.Inaresearchpaper,theauthorssuggestthat“humanbabiesarebornseeingandhearinglinguisticinformationthatolderchildrenandadultsmiss,althoughtheylosethisabilitywithmoreexperienceintheirenvironments.Moreover,babiescan“discriminatespeechsoundsandtonesusedinaloftheworld’slanguages,makingthemopentoalinput,regardlessofthelinguisticenvironmenttheyareborninto.8.WhydoesRavenmaketheremarksinparagraph2?A.Toproveanewtheory. B.Tosharepersonalexperience.C.Tocorrectawrongbelief. D.Tosolvelong-heldconfusion.9.What’sonefeatureof“neuroplasticity”?A.Itenableschildrentobreakahabitquickly.B.Itaccompaniesapersonallthroughhislife.C.Itisentirelybasedonakid’spastexperiences.D.Itdisappearssoonafterachild’sfifthbirthday.10.Whatimpactskids’quicklearningabilityaccordingtoRaven?A.Theirbrainstructure. B.Theirhabitsandroutines.C.Theirparents’experiences. D.Theirinborndesiretoexplore.11.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Whychildrenaretalentedlanguagelearners.B.Whataretheproperwaysoflearninglanguages.C.Whenisthebesttimetolearnforeignlanguages.D.Howenvironmentscaninfluencelanguagelearning.【答案】8C9.A10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要分析了孩子們學(xué)得快的原因，并解釋了孩子為什么在語言學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域有天賦。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的““Itisacommonwayofthinkingthat‘childrenarelikesponges’andhavethemagicalabilitytolearnnewskillsfasterthananadult,buttherearesomemisconceptionshere,“saidDebbieRaven,aresearcherattheUniversityofChester.“Achild’scognitive(認(rèn)知的)developmentisage-relatedand,naturally,childrenperformworsethantheirolderpeersinmostareas.(切斯特大學(xué)的研究員黛比·拉文說：“人們普遍認(rèn)為，‘孩子就像海綿’，有比成年人更快地學(xué)習(xí)新技能的神奇能力，但這里也存在一些誤解。孩子的認(rèn)知發(fā)展與年齡有關(guān)，理所當(dāng)然地，孩子在大多數(shù)領(lǐng)域的表現(xiàn)都比年長的同齡人差。)”可知，研究員黛比·拉文發(fā)表評論是為了糾正一個錯誤的信仰——孩子有比成年人更快地學(xué)習(xí)新技能的神奇能力。而實際上孩子的認(rèn)知發(fā)展與年齡有關(guān)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Neuroplasticityiswhatgiveschildrenthecapacitytolearn-and,ifnecessary,unlearn-habits,routines,approachesandactionsveryquickly.(神經(jīng)可塑性使兒童有能力學(xué)習(xí)，并在必要時迅速忘記習(xí)慣、慣例、方法和行動。)”可知，“神經(jīng)可塑性”的一個特點是它能使孩子們很快改掉一個習(xí)慣。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Thisabilitytolearnquicklyisconnectedtoseveralareas,includingplasticity,theirexperienceswithadults,theirenvironment,andtheirbiologicaldrivetoexplore,“Ravensaid.(拉文說：“這種快速學(xué)習(xí)的能力與幾個方面有關(guān)，包括可塑性、與成年人相處的經(jīng)歷、環(huán)境和天生的探索動力。)”可知，拉文認(rèn)為，孩子與生俱來的探索欲望影響了孩子的快速學(xué)習(xí)能力。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Languagelearning,inparticular,isanareawherechildrenoftenhaveahugeadvantageoveradults.Thisislargelybecause…(尤其是在語言學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域，兒童往往比成年人具有巨大優(yōu)勢。這在很大程度上是因為……)”以及最后一段的“Inaresearchpaper,theauthorssuggestthat“humanbabiesarebornseeingandhearinglinguisticinformationthatolderchildrenandadultsmiss,althoughtheylosethisabilitywithmoreexperienceintheirenvironments.(在一篇研究論文中，作者提出，“人類嬰兒在出生時就看到和聽到了年齡較大的兒童和成年人錯過的語言信息，盡管他們在環(huán)境中有了更多的經(jīng)驗后就失去了這種能力。)”可知，作者在最后兩段主要講到為什么孩子在語言學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域往往比成年人具有巨大優(yōu)勢，即為什么孩子是有天賦的語言學(xué)習(xí)者。故選A。D“Individualsofallageswhohaveempathy(共情)understandthatsometimestellinglittlewhiteliescanprotectotherpeoplefromgettinghurt,”saysBarbaraGreenberg,aclinicalpsychologistinConnecticut.“MostpeoplethatIhavecomeacrosstelltheselittlewhiteliesbecausetheyunderstandthat100percenthonestyallthetimeisnotbeneficial.”Awhitelie,sheexplains,sparespeoplefromunnecessaryhurt.Atthesametime,Dr.JuliaBreur,amarriageandfamilytherapistinFlorida,emphasizestheimportanceofpayingattentiontothewaywerespondtosomeone.Thefactisthatnottellingthetruthcanresultinsomethingunpleasantonyou;it’snotjustaboutthepersonthewhitelieisbeingtoldto.Forexample,shesayssomeonewhoalwaystellsothersthat“allisgood”whenitcomestoasickparentinanefforttoavoiddiscussionsabouthowserioustheirhealthissuereallyis,caneventuallyfacestressfulexperiences.Whenthatparenteventuallypassesaway,thepersonwhoalwaysgavean“allisgood”responseendsupemotionallybroken.Sometimes,tellingwhiteliesoftendependsonthesituation,Dr.Breursays.Forexample,considerawomanwhohasnotseenhermotherforseveralmonths.Thedaughterhasgainednoticeableweight,yetthemotherrespondsbyexcitedlydeclaringthatshelooksgreat.“Iemphasizeduringpsychotherapysessionswithmypatientsthatcontexthelpsdefinemeaning,”Dr.Breursays.“Sowhenwelookatthecontextofamothersayingyoulookgreatwhensheclearlyseesthatherdaughterhasgainedweight,itcanbeacceptable.Itreflectstheintentionofthewhiteliewhichiskindness,protectionandunconditionallove.Otherwise,whitelies—especiallywhentoldtoavoidpersonalaccountability—canstartacycleofmistrustbetweenpeople,ultimatelycompromisingintegrity,”sheadds.Therefore,it’simportanttoaskourselveswhenitisandisn’tappropriatetodeliverthehonesttruth,andwhenit’sbesttostepbackandofferamoredelicateresponse.Moreoftenthannot,it’saboutfindingabalancebetweenthetwo.12.WhatcanbelearnedaboutwhiteliesaccordingtoBarbaraGreenberg?A.Theyareshort-lived. B.Theyareunidentifiable.C.Theyaretrouble-making. D.Theyarecommon.13.WhatmessagedoesDr.Breurdeliverinparagraph2?A.Whiteliescanharmboththeliarsandthelisteners.B.Wemustrespondtoourfamilymemberstruthfully.C.It’swrongtotellwhiteliestoaseriouslyillparent.D.The“allisgood”responseiseffectiveindealingwithpatients.14.WhatisDr.Breur’sattitudetowardsthemother’spracticeinparagraph3?A.Uncaring. B.Critical. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EastorWest,WhiteLiesAretheBestB.ThinkTwiceBeforeYouTellWhiteLiesC.WhiteLiesSignifyUnconditionalLoveD.WhiteLiesAreEmpatheticPeople’sFavorableChoice【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要闡述了善意的謊言可以讓人們免受不必要的傷害，但有時候，善意的謊言往往取決于具體情況。因此，重要的是要問問自己，什么時候說實話是合適的，什么時候不合適，什么時候最好退一步，做出更微妙的回應(yīng)。要在兩者之間找到平衡。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的““MostpeoplethatIhavecomeacrosstelltheselittlewhiteliesbecausetheyunderstandthat100percenthonestyallthetimeisnotbeneficial.“Awhitelie,sheexplains,sparespeoplefromunnecessaryhurt.(‘我遇到的大多數(shù)人都會說善意的謊言，因為他們明白，一直100%的誠實是無益的?！忉屨f，善意的謊言可以讓人們免受不必要的傷害。)”可知，根據(jù)芭芭拉·格林伯格的說法，善意的謊言很常見。故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Atthesametime,Dr.JuliaBreur,amarriageandfamilytherapistinFlorida,emphasizestheimportanceofpayingattentiontothewaywerespondtosomeone.Thefactisthatnottellingthetruthcanresultinsomethingunpleasantonyou;it’snotjustaboutthepersonthewhitelieisbeingtoldto.(與此同時，佛羅里達(dá)州的婚姻和家庭治療師JuliaBreur博士強(qiáng)調(diào)了關(guān)注我們回應(yīng)他人的重要性。事實是，不說實話會讓你感到不愉快；不僅僅是謊言的對象感到不愉快。)”可知，善意的謊言給說謊者和聽者都會帶來傷害。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Iemphasizeduringpsychotherapysessionswithmypatientsthatcontexthelpsdefinemeaning,”Dr.Breursays.“Sowhenwelookatthecontextofamothersayingyoulookgreatwhensheclearlyseesthatherdaughterhasgainedweight,itcanbeacceptable.Itreflectstheintentionofthewhiteliewhichiskindness,protectionandunconditionallove.Otherwise,whitelies—especiallywhentoldtoavoidpersonalaccountability—canstartacycleofmistrustbetweenpeople,ultimatelycompromisingintegrity,”sheadds.(Breur說：‘在心理治療過程中，我和病人強(qiáng)調(diào)，情境有助于定義意義?！a(bǔ)充道：‘所以，當(dāng)我們看到一位母親清楚地看到女兒長胖了，卻說你看起來很棒時，這是可以接受的。它反映了善意謊言的意圖，即善意、保護(hù)和無條件的愛。否則，善意的謊言——尤其是為了逃避個人責(zé)任而撒的謊言——會引發(fā)人與人之間不信任的循環(huán)，最終損害誠信?！?”可知，Breur博士對第3段中母親的做法持支持態(tài)度，他認(rèn)為它反映了善意謊言的意圖，即善意、保護(hù)和無條件的愛。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)最后一段中的“Therefore,it’simportanttoaskourselveswhenitisandisn’tappropriatetodeliverthehonesttruth,andwhenit’sbesttostepbackandofferamoredelicateresponse.Moreoftenthannot,it’saboutfindingabalancebetweenthetwo.(因此，重要的是要問問自己，什么時候說實話是合適的，什么時候不合適，什么時候最好退一步，做出更微妙的回應(yīng)。通常情況下，這是關(guān)于在兩者之間找到平衡。)”可知，本文主要講了善意的謊言可以讓人們免受不必要的傷害，但有時候，善意的謊言往往取決于具體情況。因此，在說善意的謊言之前要三思。B項“ThinkTwiceBeforeYouTellWhiteLies(說謊之前三思)”最能概括本文主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Campingisn’tthesamewithoutafireandinfact,manycampsitesevenallowtheuseofoneaslongasyouremainresponsibleandeco-friendly.Asdaylightdisappears,there’snothingquitelikeacampfiretoseeyouthroughtheeveningandintothenight.Remember,campfirescanbefunaslongasyouputsomecommonsenseintoyourpractice.___16___Ifyou’reafirst-timertothewholecampfirescene,orsimplywanttoknowhowtogetyourfireblazinginnotimeatall,we’vegotsomegreattipstohelpyou.?Choosetherightlocation.Withanycampfireit’simportanttoselectalocationthat’ssafe.Preferablyyou’dkeepawayfromareaswithoverhangingbranchesanddryundergrowth.___17___?Usedrywood.Ifyourwoodlogsarewetordamp,you’llreallystruggletogetanyfiregoing.Therefore,storethewoodinadryplaceandkeepyourmatchestuckedawayinaZiplocbag.?Buildupfromsmallbeginnings.___18___You’llneedtostartsmallandgettheblazegoingwithfirelighters,kindlingornewspapers.Onlythencanyoustarttoapplylargerwoodlogs.?___19___Don’taddthelargerlogsontooquickly,asthiscanstifle(抑制)thefireandseeyoureffortswastedatthefirsthurdle.?Remembertoputthefireout.Afteryousataroundthecampfire,enjoyinggreatconversationandsomelight-heartedgames,you’llneedtoputthefireout.___20___Instead,letthefirediedownandpourwaterorshovelearthonasrequired.A.Avoidrushingtheprocess.B.Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.C.Agreatcampfiretakestimeandpatience.D.Nevergotobedbelievingasmokingfiresafe.E.Youmightcomeacrossavarietyofproblems.F.Alsomakesurenottobuildyourfiretoonearanytents.G.Campingisafantasticexperienceforpeopleofallages.【答案】16.E17.F18.C19.A20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章講述了幾項野外燃放篝火的建議和注意事項?！?6題詳解】上文“Remember,campfirescanbefunaslongasyouputsomecommonsenseintoyourpractice.(記住，只要你在實踐中運用一些常識，篝火也可以很有趣。)”說明，使用一些常識可以讓篝火很有趣，下文“Ifyou’reafirst-timertothewholecampfirescene,orsimplywanttoknowhowtogetyourfireblazinginnotimeatall,we’vegotsomegreattipstohelpyou.(如果你是第一次到篝火現(xiàn)場，或者只是想知道如何讓你的火很快燃燒起來，我們有一些很好的建議來幫助你。)”說明如果想要篝火燃燒起來，有一些有用的建議，因此推斷空處承上啟下，E項“你可能會遇到各種各樣的問題?！狈险Z境，說明想要篝火隨時燃燒，可能會遇到一些問題，有一些建議可以給你幫助。故選E。【17題詳解】上文“Choosetherightlocation.Withanycampfireit’simportanttoselectalocationthat’ssafe.Preferablyyou’dkeepawayfromareaswithoverhangingbranchesanddryundergrowth.(選擇正確的位置。在任何篝火中選擇一個安全的地點是很重要的。最好遠(yuǎn)離有懸垂樹枝和干燥灌木叢的地方。)”說明，要選擇合適的篝火位置，安全很重要，要因此推斷F項“還要確保不要在離帳篷太近的地方生火?！狈险Z境，與前文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，說明安全問題。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)“Buildupfromsmallbeginnings.”可知，本段建議從小處做起。下文“You’llneedtostartsmallandgettheblazegoingwithfirelighters,kindlingornewspapers.Onlythencanyoustarttoapplylargerwoodlogs.(你需要從小處開始，用打火機(jī)、引火棒或報紙把火點燃。只有這樣你才能開始使用更大的原木。)”說明從小處開始，先點火，慢慢地增加更大的木頭，因此推斷點燃篝火需要時間和耐心，C項“一個大的營火需要時間和耐心?！狈险Z境，故選C?！?9題詳解】空處為段落標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Don’taddthelargerlogsontooquickly,asthiscanstifle(抑制)thefireandseeyoureffortswastedatthefirsthurdle.(不要過快地添加更大的原木，因為這可能會扼殺火焰，看到你的努力在第一個難關(guān)就白費了。)”可知，本段建議要避免操之過急。因此推斷A項“不要操之過急?！狈险Z境，故選A?！?0題詳解】上文“Remembertoputthefireout.Afteryousataroundthecampfire,enjoyinggreatconversationandsomelight-heartedgames,you’llneedtoputthefireout.(記得把火撲滅。當(dāng)你坐在篝火旁，享受著愉快的交談和一些輕松的游戲后，你需要把火撲滅。)”說明要記住最后要把火撲滅，下文“Instead,letthefirediedownandpourwaterorshovelearthonasrequired.(相反，讓火慢慢地熄滅，根據(jù)需要澆水或鏟土。)”講述了滅火的方式，因此推斷D項“睡覺時不要相信冒著煙的火是安全的?！迸c主題相符，承接上文，與下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Iwasstrugglingearlierintheyear,eventhoughI’ma(n)___21___personbynature.Theentireworldseemedtohavecometoastopallofasudden.Iwas___22___withworryaboutmyfamilyandpayingthebills,andwhetherlifewouldeverbethesameagain.Then,oneeveningIwentoutsideand___23___.TheskywasdarkandthestarswereshiningsobrightlythatIalmostheldmybreath.AsIstoodunderthatsplendidceiling,Iwasfilledwith___24___.Ireallywantedtofindoutmoreaboutthem.Suddenly,IrememberedI’d___25___anapponmyphoneacoupleofmonthsearlier,which___26___allthestarsandplanets.Togetherwithmydaughters,Iracedtotheupstairs,wherewehadaperfect___27___ofthenightsky.Usingtheapp,wewereexcitedto___28___thatbrightwhitestarhangingoverthehorizonwasVenus.ThenwelookedpastBetelguese,adyingredsupergiantstar700timesthesizeofEarth,andmanymore.___29___,theworldnolongerseemedlikeanunfamiliarplace.It_____30_____methattheEarthhadbeenaroundfor4.5billionyearsandhadexperiencedthingsmuchmore_____31_____.Thatrealization_____32_____broughtmyworriesintoamuchbroaderperspective(眼界).Plus,thattwinklingnightskywasjustsobeautiful—Ifelthappierandcalmerjustlookingatit.Itbecameour_____33_____tositatthewindoweveryevening,gazingatthestars.Notonlydidithelpus_____34_____thereality,butforhalfanhoureachdaywegotto_____35_____outsideourfourwalls.21.A.optimistic B.patient C.independent D.considerate22.A.combined B.questioned C.consumed D.impressed23.A.pulledover B.lookedup C.headedoff D.calmeddown24.A.wonder B.pride C.anxiety D.guilt25.A.designed B.downloaded C.advertised D.tested26.A.reflects B.connects C.measures D.identifies27.A.view B.memory C.record D.example28.A.explain B.imagine C.discover D.indicate29.A.Bytheway B.Atfirstsight C.Atthatmoment D.Byallmeans30.A.benefited B.warned C.challenged D.struck31.A.informal B.flexible C.conventional D.dramatic32.A.constantly B.instantly C.secretly D.randomly33.A.regret B.routine C.adventure D.responsibility34.A.describe B.ignore C.stress D.face35.A.train B.gather C.travel D.recover【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A25.B26.D27.A28.C29.C30.D31.D32.B33.B34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在面對生活中的困境、孤獨無助時，與家人一起遙望星空，獲得內(nèi)心的平靜和力量進(jìn)而以更廣闊的視角看待自己的問題，