高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)-第二部分-知識(shí)運(yùn)用篇-專題4-語(yǔ)法填空-第3講-詞性轉(zhuǎn)換比較等級(jí)及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)市賽課公開

第二部分專題四語(yǔ)法填空知識(shí)利用篇有提醒詞填空第三講詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、比較等級(jí)及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)1/441技能突破3隨堂訓(xùn)練2走出誤區(qū)4復(fù)習(xí)練案2/44技能突破3/44技法1：句子成份要記牢高考語(yǔ)法填空中，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是必考考點(diǎn)之一，學(xué)會(huì)分析句子成份對(duì)解題非常有幫助。4/44典例導(dǎo)引(·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe______________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解題思緒]①分析句子成份→空格處作狀語(yǔ)②依據(jù)所作成份→可判斷此處用副詞形式嘗試解答：__________officially5/44[技法解讀]1．看到提醒詞在名詞前作定語(yǔ)、在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，或在賓語(yǔ)后作賓補(bǔ)，要想到用形容詞。2．看到提醒詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要想到用副詞。3．看到提醒詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)或者在冠詞(a/an/the)、形容詞性物主代詞(my/his/their等)、指示代詞(this/that)、名詞全部格后，要想到用名詞。6/44①(·四川高考)Chinesescientists________(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.②(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks__________(regular)．③(·四川卷)Shewasavery_____________(care)mother.④(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat________(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.recentlyregularlycaring/carefulslowly7/44⑤(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.⑥(·安徽高考改編)Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeither____________(person)orthroughtheircompanies.⑦(·廣東高考)________(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmikeeveryday.abilitypersonallyLuckily8/44技法2：構(gòu)詞知識(shí)記準(zhǔn)確英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法中在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴，從而組成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反新詞。了解一些構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，會(huì)對(duì)高考語(yǔ)法填空產(chǎn)生極大幫助。9/44(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof______________(achieve)．[解題思緒]①分析句子成份→空格處作賓語(yǔ)②依據(jù)所作成份→可判斷此處要用名詞形式嘗試解答：_____________achievement10/44[技法解讀]1．形容詞變副詞后綴分類示例以-le結(jié)尾形容詞，變-le為-lypossible→possibly，terrible→terribly，comfortable→comfortably，gentle→gently，simple→simply等以-y結(jié)尾形容詞，變-y為-ilyeasy→easily，angry→angrily，noisy→noisily，happy→happily，heavy→heavily，healthy→healthily等以“輔音＋e”結(jié)尾形容詞，加lyrudely，politely，widely，nicely，closely，completely等以“元音＋e”結(jié)尾形容詞，去e加lytrue→truly以ll結(jié)尾形容詞，加yfull→fully11/442.形容詞變名詞后綴后綴示例-ageshortadj.短缺→shortagen．不足；短缺-cyfluentadj.流利→fluencyn，流利；流暢-domwiseadj.聰明→wisdomn．明智；智慧-encedifferentadj.不一樣→differencen．差異-nessweakadj.虛弱→weaknessn．虛弱；弱點(diǎn)-thstrongadj.強(qiáng)壯→strengthn．力氣，強(qiáng)項(xiàng)-ydifficultadj.困難→difficultyn．困難-tysafeadj.安全→safetyn．安全-ityresponsibleadj.負(fù)責(zé)→responsibilityn．責(zé)任12/443.動(dòng)詞變名詞后綴常見動(dòng)詞變名詞后綴有-al，-ance，-ence，-ion，-tion，-ation，-(ss)ion，-ing，-ment，-ure，-ture，-y等。后綴示例-alapprovev．贊成，同意→approvaln．贊成，同意-anceappearvi.出現(xiàn)→appearancen．出現(xiàn)；外貌-ionattractvt.吸引→attractionn．吸引-mentachievevt.抵達(dá)，完成→achievementn．功勞；成就-yrecoverv．恢復(fù)→recoveryn．恢復(fù)；痊愈13/444.動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞后綴常見動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞后綴有-able，-al，-ful，-ed，-ing，-ible，-ive，-ous，-some，-y，-ern，-ish等。后綴示例-ableacceptvt.接收→acceptableadj.可接收-edconfusevt.使迷惑→confusedadj.感到迷惑-ingconvincevt.說(shuō)服，使信服→convincingadj.令人信服-fulforgetvt.忘記→forgetfuladj.健忘-alnaturen．自然→naturaladj.自然-ibleaccessn．進(jìn)入，使用權(quán)，通路→accessibleadj.輕易取得-ouscautionn．慎重→cautiousadj.慎重14/445.表示否定或相反意義前綴和后綴常見表示否定或相反意義前綴和后綴有dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，un-，-less等。前綴示例dis-advantagen．優(yōu)勢(shì)→disadvantagen．缺點(diǎn)il-legaladj.正當(dāng)→illegaladj.不正當(dāng)in-convenientadj.方便→inconvenientadj.不方便ir-regularadj.有規(guī)律→irregularadj.沒(méi)規(guī)律mis-leadvt.引導(dǎo)→misleadadj.誤導(dǎo)un-willingadj.愿意→unwillingadj.不愿意15/446.變動(dòng)詞前綴和后綴前綴和后綴示例en-ableadj.有能力→enablevt.使能夠-ensharpadj.尖→sharpenvt.使尖銳-ifysimpleadj.簡(jiǎn)單→simplifyvt.簡(jiǎn)化-izeapologyn．道歉→apologizev．道歉16/44①(·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop________(attract)．②(·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe___________(develop)ofchopsticks.③(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)As________(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.attractiondevelopmentnatural17/44④(·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe________(patience)．⑤(·遼寧高考)Icannotcontrolmybodywell，Mylegsbecome________(pain)．⑥(·廣東四校聯(lián)考)Ofcourse，theshow'sdirectoragreed________(happy)．patientpainfulhappily18/44技法3：名詞復(fù)數(shù)切莫忘假如給提醒詞是名詞，未必就一定是考詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，有時(shí)也會(huì)考名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。19/44(·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew______________(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle－fed，theotheriswithmum.[解題思緒]①分析句子成份→此處使用名詞形式②依據(jù)空前few→確定該空用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式嘗試解答：________days20/44[技法解讀]1．看到一個(gè)以上人或物，如名詞在不定代詞few，afew，other，all，both，many，several等后時(shí)，要想到用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2．看到用來(lái)表示祝福、禮貌和客氣名詞，要想到用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如congratulations，regards，respects，thanks，wishes，requests，apologies等。3．看到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，要想到作主語(yǔ)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4．注意一些不規(guī)則改變名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如child→children;man→men，tooth→teeth；foot→feet；woman→women等。21/44①(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.②(·四川高考)Anysmellmightattractnatural________(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.③(·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.studiesenemieschanges22/44④(·青島一模)Thesetwo____________(discover)providehumankindwithanewwaytofightthesediseasesthataffecthundredsofmillionsofpeopleannually.⑤(·濰坊一模)Importantlanguagepoints，grammarrules，useful____________(express)andkeywordsarewhatwewanttotakedown.⑥Theytookmany________(photo)whentheyvisitedChina.discoveriesexpressionsphotos23/44技法4：比較等級(jí)細(xì)思量假如給提醒詞是形容詞，未必就一定是考詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，有時(shí)也會(huì)考形容詞比較等級(jí)。24/44(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識(shí)別)thoseof________________(great)andlessimportance.[解題思緒]①分析句子成份一句子缺乏定語(yǔ)②依據(jù)空格后標(biāo)志詞less→可判斷此處用比較級(jí)形式嘗試解答：________greater25/44[技法解讀]1．若是二者之間相比，且空格后有than，要想到用形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)。2．若看到the＋比較級(jí)位于句首，要想到有可能考查“the＋比較級(jí)……，the＋比較級(jí)……”句型。3．若是三者或三者以上比較，后面有表示范圍短語(yǔ)或從句，要想到用形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)。4．若看到“oneofthe＋_____________＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，要想到有可能考查“oneofthe＋最高級(jí)＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”句型。26/44①(·遼寧高考)The________(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.②(·廣東高考)Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths________(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.③(·四川高考改編)Andyiscontentwiththetoy，Itisthe________(good)hehasevergot.④(·全國(guó)卷改編)Raymond'sparentswantedhimtohavethe________(good)possibleeducation.harderearlierbestbest27/44第一步，確定空缺處所填詞詞性普通來(lái)說(shuō)，名詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞在句中普通作謂語(yǔ)。形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞作表話，位于系動(dòng)詞后；或作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。副詞普通在句中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)。第二步，對(duì)所填詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換正確使用前綴和后綴。普通來(lái)說(shuō)，前綴只改變?cè)~意義，不改變其詞性；后綴改變?cè)~性，而不引發(fā)詞義改變。第三步，確定所填詞能讓整個(gè)句子意義連貫通順提醒：假如提醒詞為形容詞或副詞，有時(shí)是考查詞反義形式或形容詞或副詞比較等級(jí)；假如提醒詞為名詞，有時(shí)是考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。28/44走出誤區(qū)29/44易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1詞性把握不準(zhǔn)①(·赤峰一模)Finally，whenwefinishedourwork______________(success)，shegaveeachofusabighug.②(母題變式)Finally，whenwefinishedourworkina___________(success)way，shegaveeachofusabighug.③(母題變式)Finally，whenwe______________(success)infinishingourwork，shegaveeachofusabighug.successfullysuccessfulsucceeded30/44

[點(diǎn)撥]句①中此空修飾動(dòng)詞finish，故要用該詞副詞形式；句②中此空修飾名詞way，故要用該詞形容詞形式；句③中此空在句中作謂語(yǔ)，故填動(dòng)詞形式。31/44易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2形對(duì)意不對(duì)①(·湖州二模)Therichmanwas____________(will)toofferanyhelp，whichgreatlyupsetallthepeoplepresent.②(母題變式)Therichmanwasnot____________(will)toofferanyhelp，whichgreatlyupsetallthepeoplepresent.unwillingwilling32/44

[點(diǎn)撥]句①中空格在be動(dòng)詞后，故用形容詞形式。句意：這位富人(不愿意)提供任何幫助，這使在場(chǎng)人非常失望。依據(jù)句意，可判斷此詞用否定形式。句②中空格在be動(dòng)詞后，故要用該詞形容詞形式。句意：這位富人不(愿意)提供任何幫助，這使在場(chǎng)人非常失望。依據(jù)句意可判斷，此詞用必定形式。33/44隨堂訓(xùn)練34/44Ⅰ.單句練習(xí)?Theyarealwaysgatheringintheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandtheyaremaking______________(prepare)forthelongcoldwinter.?(·廣東高考)Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't___________(possible)destroyavillage.?(·福建高考改編)ltwas_____________(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.?Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverhearda_________(good)voice.preparationspossiblyconsideratebetter35/44?(·湖北高考改編)Thegirlusedtobeshy，butis___________(gradual)gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.?(·萊蕪一模)Everythingthatisaboutacharactercanhelpustounderstandhim，fromhis_____________(appear)tothekindoffoodheeats.?(·臨沂二模)In1971，afternearlytwohundred________(failure)，Tu'steamfinallyfoundanextractthatwas100%effectiveagainstthemalariaparasites-artemisinin.graduallyappearancefailures36/44Ⅱ.易錯(cuò)練習(xí)?(·?？谝荒?Theyhopeitmightreduce，or________(possible)erase(抹去)theeffectofpainfulmemories.?(·衡水二模)Peoplearen'talwaysthosewhotheydeclaretobeintheironline_____________(describe)．?Onourwayhome，thejourneywasmuch________(easy)thanbeforeaseveryoneelsefellfastasleep.?Boxingwasthesportthatlliked________(much)，becauseit'smorechallengingandexcitingtome.possiblydescriptioneasiermost37/44?Sleepshouldalwaysbeenoughtomakeonebringbackhis________(strong)andgetreadyforaday'swork.?Whenevertherearefestivalsorhappyevents，peopleofallageswill________(happy)jointhedance.strengthhappily38/44Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇練習(xí)：用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換成比較等級(jí)形式填空。Hopeiswhatmakesone'slifemoveforward.Settinggoalsforoneselfisfine，buttheyare1._____________(possible)toreachwithouthope.Manypeople2.__________(belief)thathopeiswhatcreatesdisappointment.Whatasadbeliefthatis!In3.________(real)，hopeprovidesonewiththeabilitytosee4.________(succeed)inone'smindandthestreng