新目標(biāo)綜合教程3-unit2-課后練習(xí)答案市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

1/681Nountoverbconversion2"Verb+for"Construction3"Verb+on"Construction4Translationofattributiveclauses5Translationofculture-loadedexpressionsUsefulexpressions62/68Nountoverbconversion1)

2)3)Examples4)ExerciseKnowledgeofnounto

verbconversionNountoverbconversion

inthetext3/68Nountoverbconversion①OnahotSeptemberafternoon,fourhundredstudentscrashedintoasmallclassroom,lookingforseatsonthelongrowsthatcurvedaroundlikegianthorseshoes.(Para.1)

Nountoverbconversioninthetext②Heclippedonalavalieremicrophoneandclearedhisthroat.(Para.2)③Asoftmurmurrippledacrosstheroomasstudentsturnedfromsidetosideandwhisperedexpressionsofdisbelief.(Para.4)toformacurvetofastenwithacliptospreadlikearipple4/68NountoverbconversionYouwillnotbewhippedinthepublicsquareifyoudon’t.(Para.4)

NountoverbconversioninthetextWehavetogetexcitedaboutprobingavastarrayofsubjectsanddisciplines.(Para.12)tobeatwithawhiptoexploreorexaminewithaprobe5/68Nountoverbconversion2)Knowledgeof“nountoverbconversion”Nountoverbconversionisoneofthemostproductiveways,withthemeaning:1.“toactasorlikeN”2.“togiveN”3.“tosend/gobyN”4.“to…withN”5.“toputin/onN”6.“tomake/change…intoN”7.“todeprive…ofN”6/68Nountoverbconversion3)Examples（一）動物名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為有該動物習(xí)性特點行為動作

toactlikeape…toape:toimitatelikeanape(模仿)dog…todog:tofolloworhuntlikeadog

(尾隨，追蹤)monkey…tomonkey(with):tomimic,playmischievoustrickslikeamonkey(胡鬧，瞎弄)7/68Nountoverbconversion3)Examples（一）動物名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為有該動物習(xí)性特點行為動作

toactlikebull…tobull:topushforcefullylikeabull

(用力推，擠);toscaresb.byusingone’sstrengthlikeabull

(恐嚇，威脅)8/68Nountoverbconversion3)Examples（二）人體部位和動植物組成部分名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為含有其形象特點行為動詞to…withfinger…tofinger:tofeelorhandlewithfingers(觸摸某物)shoulder…toshoulder:tocarrysth.withtheshoulders(扛、擔(dān)、掮（某物）)elbow…toelbow:topushone’swaywiththeelbows

(用肘強行開路)9/68Nountoverbconversion3)Examples（二）人體部位和動植物組成部分名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為含有其形象特點行為動詞to…withpeel…topeel:toremovethepeelfrom(削掉…皮)core…tocore:totakecoresoutof(去…核)10/68Nountoverbconversion（三）自然現(xiàn)象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表示以其性質(zhì)為特征動作動詞

to…likeTheystormedthespeakerwithquestions.他們猛烈責(zé)問演講者。storm:tospeakviolentlylikeastormMisfortuneshaverainedheavilyupontheoldman.不幸總是無情地落在這位老人身上。rain:tofalllikerain3)Examples11/68Nountoverbconversion（三）自然現(xiàn)象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表示以其性質(zhì)為特征動作動詞

to…likeHisrefusalicedourenthusiasm.他拒絕冷卻了我們熱情。ice:tofreezelikeice3)Examples12/68Nountoverbconversion（四）工具名稱動詞化towork/dowith,toputinto,togivesb.sth.3)Exampleshammer

…

tohammer:tostrikewithahammer(用錘子敲)needle

…

toneedle:topushone’swaylikeaneedle(摩肩接踵)helicopter

…

tohelicopter:totravelbyhelicopter(坐直升飛機旅行)13/68Nountoverbconversion（四）工具名稱動詞化towork/dowith,toputinto,togivesb.sth.3)Examplestelegram

…

totelegram:tosendsb.atelegram(打電報)clothe

…

toclothe:togiveclothestosb.(給某人穿衣)cage

…tocage:toputintoacage(用籠裝)corner

…

tocorner:toputintoacorner(使某人走投無路)14/68Nountoverbconversion（五）社會人物toactasorlike3)Examplestutor…totutor:toactasorlikeatutorto(當(dāng)…教師、輔導(dǎo))father…tofather:toactasorlikethefatherof(當(dāng)…父親，像父親般對待)boss…toboss:toactasorlikeabossto(當(dāng)…老板、像老板般對待)coach…tocoach:toactasorlikeacoachto(當(dāng)…教練、如教練般對待)15/68Nountoverbconversion4)ExerciseCompletethefollowingsentenceswithappropriatewords.Makechangeswherenecessary.16/68Nountoverbconversion4)ExercisesummershowcasecranefatherradioparrotblanketsnowballFromwindowsheadswere_______foraviewoftheparade.Hedoesn’thaveallideaofhisown.Hejust_______whatotherpeoplesay.Thelawnowgenerallypresumesthatthehusbandisthelegalfatherifhiswifehasthechild,evenifhedidn’t______it.craningparrotsfather17/68Nountoverbconversion4)ExercisesummershowcasecranefatherradioparrotblanketsnowballHeavysmog________thecity.Shefully__________hertalentsintherealityshow.Themoreyoutrytoavoidaproblem,themoreheavilyit__________andfinallyoverwhelmsyou.blanketsshowcasedsnowballs18/68Nountoverbconversion4)ExercisesummershowcasecranefatherradioparrotblanketsnowballIntheairport,theanxiousmother_______forhermissingchild.Thefamily_________atapeacefulmountainousresort.radioedsummered19/681)“Verb+for”constructioninthetext2)Knowledgeof“for”afterverbs3)Exercise6"Verb+for"Construction20/681)"Verb+for"constructioninthetextOnahotSeptemberafternoon,fourhundredstudentscrashedintoasmallclassroom,lookingforseatsonthelongrowsthatcurvedaroundlikegianthorseshoes.(Para.1)…Ifyoudo,”heconcluded,“comebackonWednesday,andpreparefortherideofalifetime.…(Para.7)"Verb+for"Construction21/682)Knowledgeof“for"afterverbsfor:(1)Whenexpressingpurpose,aim,intention,ordestination,“for”oftenfollowsverbsindicatingdesires,wishesordirections.lookforseekforsearchforapplyforpleaforlongforthirstforstriveforfightfor

gropeforfeelforvoteforsailfordepartfore.g.applyforapproval/scholarshipstriveforsuccess/qualitylifevoteforthecandidate/thereform"Verb+for"Construction22/682)Knowledgeof“for"afterverbsfor:(2)Whenexpressinginplaceof,insteadof,orrepresenting,“for”tendstofollowverbsindicatingsubstitute,equivalent,orcompensation.standforactfor

compensateforexchangefortradeforsubstitutefore.g.standforjustice/freedomcompensateforhighcosts/currencyrisktradeforfairness/profits"Verb+for"Construction23/682)Knowledgeof“for"afterverbsfor:(3)Whenexpressingcauseorreason,“for”usuallyfollowsverbsindicatingattitudesormoods.weepforblame…fordenounce…forthank…forappreciate…forcriticize…forapologizeforapplaudfore.g.blame…forthedevastation/thedelayappreciate…forgenerosity/mercyapplaudfortheperformance/hercourage"Verb+for"Construction24/683)Exercise6Completeeachsentencewitha“verb+for”constructionintheboxbelow.Makechangeswherenecessary.Refertoadictionaryifneeded.applaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor"Verb+at"Construction25/683)Exercise61)Hehascomeacrossinhisresearchatrickyquestion,whichlefthim__________

ananswerinthedarkness.2)Wecanacknowledgethatoppressionwillalwaysbewithus,andstill________

justice.gropingforstrivefor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor26/683)Exercise63)Thenewly-electedPresidentwonmediacomplimentsforhiscommitmenttosustainabledevelopment;forexample,hewas____________

hissupportofclean,greenandrenewableenergy.applaudedfor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor27/683)Exercise64)Gashasbecomesocheapthatitcanbe_____________

coalasanelectricity-generatingfuel.5)GreaterGDPgrowthalsowouldhardly______________

themassivelossesinlivesandnationalwealth.substitutedfor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropeforcompensatefor28/683)Exercise66)Ithasbeenbelievedthatcowboys________

asimplerwayoflifeandfreedomwithoutrestraint.standfor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor29/683)Exercise67)“Iwouldratherhavemypeoplelaughatmyeconomies(節(jié)儉)than_________

myextravagance(奢侈),”saidOscarII,theSwedishking.weepfor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor30/683)Exercise68)Nowthatthenewschoolfelldown,itwascrucialtomakeoutwhetherfaultydesignorpoorconstructionwasto________

thecollapse

(坍塌),anditwasequallyvitaltorebuildanewqualityschoolassoonaspossible.blamefor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor31/68"Verb+on"Construction1)"Verb+on"constructioninthetext2)Knowledgeof“on”afterverbs3)Micro-lecture4)Exercise732/68"Verb+on"Construction1)"Verb+on"constructioninthetextHeclippedonalavalieremicrophoneandclearedhisthroat.(Para.2)Theybelievethatifyouwanttodowellinanincreasinglyspecializedworld,youmustconcentrateonasingleareaandbecomeanexpertinthatfield,forsakingallothersubjects.(Para.8)33/68"Verb+on"Construction1)"Verb+on"constructioninthetextTheydismissasmeaninglessanythingabouthigherlearningthatdoesn’tcenterontrainingsomeonetodoataskthatwouldmakethemmoney.(Para.10)Togrowontheideasandcreationsofothers,wemustencounterthem,andtodoso,wemustexplorethegreatworksofthemindfoundinthearts,sciences,mathematics,philosophies,andhistoricalperspectives.(Para.12)34/68"Verb+on"Constructionon:(1)Whenexpressingaspectordirection,“on”oftenfollowsverbsindicatingdirectingthoughtsoractions.centeronfocuson

concentrateonpress…on

force…on

impose…one.g.focusonsolutions/yourgoalpressalabelonatrunk;presswineandfoodonaguestimposedutiesontobaccoandwines;imposethewishonthekid2)Knowledgeof"on"afterverbs35/68"Verb+on"Construction2)Knowledgeof"on"afterverbs(2)Whenexpressingbasis,dependence,reliance,orsubsistence,“on”oftenfollowsverbsindicatingplacingorrelying.base…onprideoneselfondependonrelyoncountonhangonrestoninsistonliveonfeedone.g.relyontheexperience/one’sinstinctinsistontheoriginal

demand/self-relianceliveonplainfood/one’sparents36/68"Verb+on"Construction(3)Whenexpressingconcerningorwithregardto,“on”oftenkeepscompanywithverbsindicatingexpressing.agreeondecideoncommentonelaborateoncomplimenton

congratulateone.g.decideonthe

date

of

departure/the

careerelaborateonthe

significance/the

detailscomplimentonthe

design/hisgoodbehavior2)Knowledgeof"on"afterverbs37/68"Verb+on"Construction3)Micro-lectureWatchthefollowingmicro-lecturetolearnmoreabout“Verb+Preposition”construction.38/68"Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise7Completeeachsentencewitha“verb+on”constructionintheboxbelow.Makechangeswherenecessary.Refertoadictionaryifneeded.39/68"Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise71)Occasionallyauctions

(拍賣)containitemssointerestingthatcriticsinnewspapers____________theirquality,notjustthepricestheymightfetch.2)Before__________

asatisfactorytourroute,atravelerishighlyadvisedtoreadsomeelite

(精華)traveltipsaswellasvisitsomeofficialwebsitesofthedestination.decidingoncommentelaborateon

commentonrelyonconcentrateonimposeonactondecideon

feedonon40/68"Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise73)Althoughhebrieflyadmittedtobeingunfaithfultohiswife,hedidn’t____________

hismarital(婚姻)flaws.4)Numerousforceshavebeen__________physicians(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生)tomakethemchangetheirpracticebehaviors.imposedonelaborateon

commentonrelyonconcentrateonimposeonactondecideon

feedonelaborateon41/68"Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise75)Environmentalistshavelongsaidtheworldshould_____________

preventingclimatechange,notadaptingtoit.6)Acompany’ssuccessislikelytobeaffectedbyhowmuchthecompany_______

thefeedbackithasgathered.elaborateon

commentonrelyonconcentrateonimposeonactondecideon

feedonconcentrateonactson42/68"Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise77)Economistssaythattheeconomicweaknessandthestockmarkets’wildswingshavebegunto_______themselves.8)Shewasaccountableto

(對…負(fù)責(zé))nooneandwasnolonger_______

byanyone.elaborateon

commentonrelyonconcentrateonimposeonactondecideon

feedonfeedonreliedon43/68Attributiveclausescanstatereasons,results,additionalinformation,etc.Insuchcases,theyareoftentranslatedasindependentsentencesinChinese.Attributiveclauses1)Examples2)Exercise844/681)Examples:Comparethetwoversionsoftranslation.AttributiveclausesThis

novel,

which

I

have

read

three

times,

is

verytouching.a.這本我已經(jīng)讀過三遍小說很感人。b.這本小說很感人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。Towardevening,westoppedataninn,wherewepassedthenight.a.黃昏，我們停在一家我們在那里過了夜旅店。b.黃昏，我們停留在一家酒店，在那里過了夜。45/681)Examples:AttributiveclausesWe’relivinginaremarkabletime,whenitwillsoonbeimpossibletobetrulyalone.a.我們生活在一個真正獨處很快將難以企及非凡年代b.我們生活在一個非凡年代，在這個年代里，真正獨處很快將難以企及。Comparethetwoversionsoftranslation.46/681)Examples:AttributiveclausesItishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyourgrandfather.a.是他接到了那封說你祖父已經(jīng)逝世信。b.是他接到了那封信，說你祖父已經(jīng)逝世。

Comparethetwoversionsoftranslation.47/682)Exercise8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontothetranslationoftheunderlinedattributiveclauses.Attributiveclauses48/682)Exercise81)Withinafewminutes,hehadunfurledabriefhistoryofliberaleducation,andtoldthemthat“l(fā)iberal”camefromtheLatinfor“free”,anditwasthekindofschoolingthatfreechildren(asoppositetoslaves)receivedintheancientworld.(Para.6)接下來幾分鐘里，他簡明介紹了通識教育發(fā)展歷史，告訴學(xué)生們“通識”一詞來自拉丁語，意為“自由”，這種學(xué)校教育在古代只有自由小孩（而非奴隸）才能享受。Attributiveclauses49/682)Exercise82)Inthemodernversion,studentsexploredahostofdisciplinesfromthesciencestothehumanities,takingadeepapproachtoimportantissuesthatthosedisciplinescouldhelpthemaddress.(Para.6)當(dāng)代通識教育讓學(xué)生接觸許多理工和人文學(xué)科，這些學(xué)科知識有利于深入探求人生重大問題答案。Attributiveclauses50/682)Exercise83)Theydismissasmeaninglessanythingabouthigherlearningthatdoesn’tcenterontrainingsomeonetodoataskthatwouldmakethemmoney.(Para.10)他們認(rèn)為，高等教育假如不以培訓(xùn)學(xué)生做事掙錢為關(guān)鍵，就是毫無意義。Attributiveclauses51/682)Exercise84)Ifwearetounderstandwhatoursubjectsdidthatenabledthemtofashionsuchhighlyproductiveandcreativelives,wemustappreciatewhytheyvaluedabroadeducationbeforespecializinginoneortwofields.(Para.11)Attributiveclauses52/682)Exercise8假如想搞清我們調(diào)查對象終究做了什么成就了極富成效與創(chuàng)造力人生，我們就必須了解為何他們?nèi)绱酥匾曉谶x定專業(yè)領(lǐng)域之前所接收通識教育。Attributiveclauses53/682)Exercise85)Theyunderstoodeducationasadevelopmentalprocessinwhichtheysoughttogrowthepoweroftheirminds,andthattooinfluencedthekindoflearningtheyattempted.(Para.13)他們把教育了解為一個成長歷程，在此過程中，他們致力于思維能力提升，這么一個了解也影響到了他們所嘗試學(xué)習(xí)方向。Attributiveclauses54/68Culture-loadedexpressions1)Examplesinthetranslationofculture-loadedexpressions2)Exercise955/68Examplesinthetranslationofculture-loadedexpressionsCulture-loadedwordsrefertothosewordsorphraseswhichconveyacertainkindofculturalconnotationsorassociationswhichmayormaynotbefoundinotherlanguagesorcultures.Fourmajormethodsoftranslationwouldbeillustratedherebymeansofexamples.Culture-loadedexpressionsliteraltranslation(直譯)transliteration(音譯)correspondingtranslation(借譯)liberaltranslation(意譯)56/68(1)Literaltranslation(直譯)紙老虎東方之珠一國兩制一帶一路Culture-loadedexpressionspapertigertheorientalpearlonecountrywithtwosystemsonebeltandoneroad57/68(1)Literaltranslation(直譯)Culture-loadedexpressionsTip:Sometimesadditionalremarkswouldbeaddedinordertomaketheliteraltranslationbetterunderstood.Forexample:呂新華表示，在反腐斗爭中，發(fā)覺一起查處一起，發(fā)覺多少查處多少，沒有不受查處“鐵帽子王”。Lyusaidthatinfightingcorruptionit’simportanttodealwithanyandallofit.Therewillbeno“iron-capprinces”thathaveimmunity,hesaid.58/68(2)Transliteration(音譯)磕頭功夫秀才牌樓琵琶Culture-loadedexpressionskowtowkungfuxiucaipailoupipa59/68Culture-loadedexpressionsTip:Itisverycommonfortransliterationtobeusedtogetherwithliteralorliberaltranslation,sometimesalsowithadditionalremarks.Forexample:巴蜀文化theBashucultureinSichuanProvince(2)Transliteration(音譯)60/68Culture-loadedexpressions

潑冷水

隔墻有耳

渾水摸魚

腳踏實地

新官上任三把火

(3)Correspondingtranslation

(套譯)

pourcoldwateronThewallshaveears.fishintroubledwatersdown-to-earthAnewbroomsweepsclean.61/68Culture-loadedexpressions①一五一十(4)Liberaltranslation

(意譯)②望子成龍③班門弄斧④東施效顰⑤海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰。infulldetailshopeone’schildrenwillhaveabrightfuturedisplayone’sslightskillsbefore