高考英語復習-第四部分-完形填空-18-說明文和議論文市賽課公開課一等獎省名師獲獎課件

專題十八說明文和議論文1/34-2-真題演練(浙江)SincefinishingmystudiesatHarvardandOxford,I’vewatchedonefriendafteranotherlandhigh-ranking,high-payingWallStreetjobs.Asexecutives(高級管理人員)withbanks,consultingfirms,establishedlawfirms,andmajorcorporations,manyarenow21ontheirwaytoimpressivecareers.Bysociety’s22,theyseemtohaveitmade.

2/34-3-Onthesurface,thesepeopleseemtobeveryluckyinlife.Astheyleftstudentlifebehind,manyhada23drinkattheircheapbutfriendlylocalbar,shookhandswithlongtimeroommates,and24outofsmallapartmentsintohighbuildings.Theymadereservationsatrestaurantswherethecostofabottleofwine25acollegeyear’smonthlyrent.Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.

Thethingis,anumberofthemhave26thatdespitetheirsuccess,theyaren’thappy.Some27ofunfriendlycoworkersandfeelsadforeight-hourworkweeksdevotedtotasksthey28.Somedonotrespectthecompaniestheyworkforandtalkoffeelingtiredand29.However,insteadofdevotingthemselvestotheirwork,theyfindthemselvesworkingtosupportthe30towhichtheyhavesoquicklybecome31.

3/34-4-Peopleoftenspeakoftryingamoresatisfyingpath,and32intheendtheideaofleavingtheirjobstoworkforsomethingthey33orfindingapositionthatwouldgivethemmoretimewiththeirfamiliesalmostalwaysleadsthemtothesameconclusion:it’s34.Theyhaveloans,bills,amortgage(抵押貸款)to35,retirementtosavefor.Theyrecognizethere’ssomething36intheirlives,butit’s37tostepoffthetrack.

Inasocietythattendsto38everythingintermsofdollarsandcents,welearnfromayoungagetoconsiderthecostsofour39infinancialterms.Butwhataboutthepersonalandsocialcosts40inpursuingmoneyovermeaning?Theseareexactlythekindsofcostsmanyofustendtoignore—andtheveryonesweneedtoconsidermost.

4/34-5-21.A.much B.never C.seldom D.well22.A.policies B.standardsC.experiments D.regulations23.A.last B.least C.second D.best24.A.cycled B.moved C.slid D.looked25.A.shared B.paidC.equaled D.collected26.A.advertised B.witnessedC.admitted D.demanded27.A.complain B.dream C.hear D.approve28.A.distribute B.hateC.applaud D.neglect29.A.calm B.guilty C.warm D.empty30.A.family B.government

C.lifestyle D.project5/34-6-31.A.accustomed B.appointed

C.unique D.available32.A.yet B.also C.instead D.rather33.A.letout B.turninC.giveup D.believein34.A.fundamental B.practicalC.impossible D.unforgettable35.A.takeoff B.dropoff C.putoff D.payoff36.A.missing B.inspiringC.sinking D.shining37.A.harmful B.hard C.useful D.normal38.A.measure B.suffer C.digest D.deliver39.A.disasters B.motivationsC.campaigns D.decisions40.A.assessed B.involved C.covered D.reduced6/34-7-7/34-8-8/34-9-9/34-10-10/34-11-【答案解析】21.D

作者朋友們接收過高等教育,算是社會精英分子,他們在各大企業(yè)做得風生水起,完全處于通往令人贊嘆職業(yè)生涯途中。well此處表示程度,意為“完全地,徹底地”。22.B

作者這些朋友,依照社會標準來衡量,似乎很輕易獲取成功。句中have

it

made意為“有成功把握,很輕易辦到”。23.A

依據(jù)下文內容可知,因為這些人取得了成功,他們不可能再去那些低級次地方消費,所以他們在廉價但氣氛友好當?shù)鼐瓢勺罱K一次喝酒。24.Bmove

out

of意為“脫離,擺脫”,此處指是作者這些朋友從小公寓里搬出來,住進了高樓里。25.C

此處描述朋友們奢侈生活方式,他們預訂座位飯店飯菜昂貴,一瓶酒價格等同于大學里一個月房租。11/34-12-26.C

問題是,他們中一些人認可,即使他們成功了,不過他們并不高興。27.Acomplain

of是固定短語,意為“埋怨”,他們埋怨同事們不友好。28.B

依據(jù)前面feel

sad

for可知,這些工作是他們不喜歡做,所以他們對一天八小時工作感到煩惱。29.D

此處繼續(xù)描述那些成功人士煩惱,一些人不尊重他們效力企業(yè),說自己感到厭倦和空虛。30.C

然而,這些人不是全身心地投入工作,他們發(fā)覺自己工作目標只是為了維持那種他們很快就習慣了生活方式。31.A

分析句子結構,to

which

they

have

so

quickly

become

accustomed是定語從句,修飾lifestyle。become

accustomed

to是固定短語,意為“習慣于,對……變得習認為?！薄?2/34-13-32.A

人們經(jīng)常說嘗試一個更令人滿意道路,可是最終,人們只是說說而已,沒有些人真舍棄一切,改變固有生活模式。yet

意為“可是”。33.D

有些人想過放棄自己工作去為他們信仰一些事情而工作,或者找到一個讓他們有更多時間陪同家人職位。34.C

上述內容只是停留在很多人想象中,最終,他們得出相同結論:這是不可能事情。35.D

人們美好想法最終敗給了現(xiàn)實:他們需要支付貸款、賬單,他們要付清抵押貸款,他們要為退休后生活攢錢。36.A

他們意識到在生活中一些東西失去了,不過脫離原有生活軌道是極難事情。37.B

依據(jù)上文內容可知,現(xiàn)實生活中人們,總是為生計所累,不可能說走就走,說離開就離開,所以脫離原有生活軌道是不輕易做到。13/34-14-38.A

我們現(xiàn)在生活社會是以金錢來衡量一切,所以我們從很小時候就學會了從金錢角度去考慮我們做出決定經(jīng)濟成本。39.D

依據(jù)上文內容可知,很多人之所以放棄自己決定,就是以為不合算,這個“合算”當然是從金錢角度來衡量。40.Binvolved

in作后置定語,修飾costs,意為“卷入,包括”。作者反問:卷入到金錢至上中個人成本和社會成本怎么計算呢?14/34-15-A(河北衡水模擬)Asachild,Iwasalwaystoldto“eatmygreens”,theunappealingvegetablesthatalllookedandtasted1.

.Facingsomanyotherdelicioustreatsto2.

,whyeatboringvegetables?

Sincethenmytastebudshave3.

andI’malsofullyawareofthehealthbenefitsofeatingfreshvegetables.Butwestillneed4.

oftheamazinggoodnessthesegreensuperfoodsgiveus.IntheUK,acampaignhasbeen5.

forseveralyearstoencourageustoeatour“5ADay”—fiveportionsoffruitandvegetables.That’s6.

evidencehasshownsignificanthealth7.

togettingatleastfive80gportionsofavarietyoffruitandvegetableseveryday.

15/34-16-ButIstruggletryingtofitthesefiveportionsintomydaily8.

,partlybecauseIhaveasweet9.

andvegetablesare,well,tasteless.Researchershavebeen10.

howtomakeeatingvegetablesmore11.

.Theyanalysedthepsychologybehindourfood12.

andfoundthatmostofusare13.

bytaste.Studiesshowpeople14.

tothinkofhealthieroptionsaslesstastyforsomereason.

AprojectcalledVeggieEAThasalsobeentryingtogetpeopleto15.

morevegetables.Projectleaderbelievesin16.

encouragingpeopleintoeatingtherightthings.Oneideahasbeentoputa17.

ofatastylookingfruitonasupermarkettrolleyasa18.

aboutbuyingsomethingfromthefruitstore.Choiceisareally19.

thing.Butakingvegetableslookattractivewillincreasetheirsales.

16/34-17-Certainly,evenifitjust20.

likeacarrot,eating“twistedcitrus-glazedcarrots”doesmakeuseatmorevegetablesthenthatcanonlybeagoodthing.

1.A.disgusting B.deliciousC.ripen D.sweet2.A.buy B.prepare C.offerD.enjoy3.A.appeared B.developedC.existed D.shrank4.A.reminding B.informingC.warning D.talking5.A.planning B.aimingC.running D.intending6.A.why B.howC.when D.because17/34-18-7.A.needs B.benefitsC.issues D.risks8.A.diet B.educationC.work D.exercise9.A.tendency B.preferenceC.tooth D.appetite10.A.showing B.discoveringC.reporting D.studying11.A.appropriate B.attractiveC.beneficial D.independent12.A.choices B.valuesC.wastes D.judgments13.A.confused B.disturbedC.motivated D.challenged18/34-19-14.A.manage B.decideC.agree D.tend15.A.grow B.eat C.storeD.harvest16.A.slowly B.suddenlyC.firmly D.seriously17.A.variety B.lotC.picture D.number18.A.sign B.concernC.clue D.hint19.A.easy B.complexC.quick D.casual20.A.looks B.smellsC.tastes D.feels19/34-20-【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。蔬菜對健康有益,這是一個眾人皆知道理。然而,我們有時候會因為偏愛其它食物口味而對吃青菜感到很不情愿。本文探討一項意在提倡人們多吃青菜研究,并介紹一些商家用來吸引用戶購置蔬菜銷售技巧。1.A

詞義辨析題。A項“令人惡心”;B項“美味”;C項“成熟”;D項“甜”。依據(jù)“the

unappealing

vegetables”和“boring

vegetables”可知,作者認為這些蔬菜不好吃,令人厭惡,所以答案為A項。2.D

詞義辨析題。依據(jù)該句“so

many

other

delicious

treats”可知,有其它美味供人享受,誰還會吃無味蔬菜呢?答案為D項。3.B

詞義辨析題。A項“出現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)”;B項“開發(fā),發(fā)展,形成,進步,沖洗膠片”;C項“存在”;D項“縮水,收縮”。句意:從那以后,我味蕾就發(fā)展(即改變)了,我還充分意識到了吃新鮮蔬菜對健康益處。答案為B項。20/34-21-4.A

詞義辨析題。依據(jù)上一句“...the

health

benefits

of

eating

fresh

vegetables”可知,要時刻提醒自己記得(remind)這些綠色“超級食品”給我們身體帶來驚人益處。答案為A項。5.C

詞義辨析題。句意:在英國,世界衛(wèi)生組織為勉勵人們“天天吃5份果蔬”而發(fā)起宣傳活動已經(jīng)進行了好多年。分析句意可知,只有run才有“運轉,進行,經(jīng)營”之意,所以答案為C項。6.D

詞義辨析題。依據(jù)上文可知,宣傳活動之所以連續(xù)了好多年是因為有證據(jù)表明,人們天天最少食用5份80

g水果和蔬菜會對健康有很大益處。答案為D項。7.B

行文邏輯題。A項“需要”;B項“利益,益處”;C項“問題”;D項“風險”。依據(jù)上文及上一題分析可知答案為B項。8.A

詞義辨析題。句意:我仍在努力把這5份果蔬納入日常飲食中。依據(jù)句意可知答案為A項。21/34-22-9.C

語法功效題。A項“趨勢,傾向”;B項“偏愛,優(yōu)先權”;C項“牙齒,偏好,癖好”;D項“胃口,食欲”。句意:……部分原因是我愛吃甜食,而且以為蔬菜很無味。have

a

sweet

tooth為固定短語,意思是“喜歡甜食”,所以答案為C項。10.D

詞義辨析題。句意:研究人員一直在研究怎樣讓蔬菜更具吸引力。依據(jù)句意可知答案為D項。11.B

詞義辨析題。A項“適當,恰當,正確”;B項“有吸引力”;C項“有益”;D項“獨立”。依據(jù)上句“vegetables

are,well,tasteless”可知,因為蔬菜無味,人們不喜歡吃,所以研究人員一直在研究怎樣讓蔬菜更具吸引力。答案為B項。12.A

詞義辨析題。A項“選擇,抉擇”;B項“價值,價值觀,有價值東西”;C項“廢棄物,垃圾”;D項“判斷”。他們分析了我們選擇食物時心理。答案為A項。22/34-23-13.C

詞義辨析題。A項“使迷惑”;B項“打攪,打斷”;C項“使有動機,促動,激發(fā)”;D項“挑戰(zhàn)”。依據(jù)句意可知,大部分人選擇食物都是受味道驅使。答案為C項。14.D

詞義辨析題。研究表明,人們會因為某種原因而傾向于認為越健康食物越難吃。答案為D項。15.B

行文邏輯題。在歐洲,名為VeggieEAT項目一直在嘗試找出能讓人們多吃蔬菜方法。依據(jù)上下文可知答案為B項,eat在文中屢次出現(xiàn)。16.A

文化常識題。項目標領導人認為要慢慢地勉勵人們進食恰當食物。依據(jù)常識可知,想讓人們接收某種東西,要慢慢地進行。答案為A項。17.C

詞義辨析題。其中一個想法是,把看起來很美味水果圖片放在超市購物車上,以此來暗示消費者去水果區(qū)購置東西。答案為C項。23/34-24-18.D

詞義辨析題。A項“記號,符號”;B項“關心,顧慮,在意”;C項“線索,提醒”;D項“暗示,提醒,跡象”。依據(jù)上一題分析可知答案為D項。19.B

詞義辨析題。A項“輕易,輕松,方便”;B項“復雜”;C項“快速地”;D項“暫時,隨意,隨便”。依據(jù)上文內容可知,讓人們多吃蔬菜,選擇健康蔬菜水果過程是很復雜,所以答案為B項。20.C

詞義辨析題。即使嘗起來像是胡蘿卜,但“麻花橘釉胡蘿卜”確實能讓人們多吃蔬菜也是好事情。答案為C項。24/34-25-B(安徽安慶二模)Peopletendtoseekhappiness.1.

I’vefinishedwithmanybooks,Icometothe2.

thathappinessisachoice.Wecanfeelhappyorunhappyjustby3.

ourthoughts!

Ithinkmostpeopleareunhappybecausetheypay4.

attentiontowhat’shappeningoutside—theymightthinkthey’retoofatorthey5.

theirjobs.These6.

thoughtscanputtheirpersonalitiesunderpressure.Anotherimportantreasonmaybethattheylackthe7.

attitudetowardsothers.Iftheythinkthey8.

everythingothersdoforthem,they’llneverfeelhappy.

25/34-26-Actually,weallhaveasenseofhappinessinsidewaitingto9.

.Whatwehavetodoisletitout.Surprisingly,manyofusplacesuchalow10.

onourselvesthatwelowerthe11.

ofeverythingwedo.12.

weshouldmakethedecisiontodaytovalueourselves.Whensomeone13.

forhelp,don’trefuse.Justmakesuretheyknowthevalueofyourhelp.

14.

yourselfthatyoucandecidewhethertobe

happyonyourown.Don’tworryaboutgenetics(遺傳).15.

yourdadisnotthehappiestman,itdoesn’tmeanyouareunhappy.Ifyouchoosetobehappy,youcan16.

lookonthebrightsideoflife.Take17.

andbeproudofthechoicesyouhavemade.

26/34-27-Trygivingsomeofyourtimetoa18.

career.Forexample,themoretimeyouspendvolunteering,thehappieryou’llbe.Thisisanopportunityto19.

newexperiences,meetnewpeopleandlearnnew20.

.

1.A.Unless B.WhenC.Though D.Before2.A.force B.agreementC.idea D.conclusion3.A.changing B.scanningC.polishing D.updating4.A.little B.muchC.some D.less5.A.appreciate B.likeC.doubt D.hate27/34-28-6.A.bad B.positiveC.ridiculous D.meaningful7.A.thoughtful B.friendlyC.grateful D.hopeful8.A.abandon B.absorbC.deserve D.possess9.A.giveout B.burstoutC.diedown D.breakdown10.A.value B.purposeC.spirit D.decision11.A.target B.requestC.function D.quality12.A.Or B.SoC.But D.As28/34-29-13.A.searches B.chargesC.reaches D.asks14.A.Retell B.InformC.Remind D.Persuade15.A.Incase B.SinceC.Evenif D.Whether16.A.always B.neverC.still D.even17.A.effect B.careC.notice D.responsibility18.A.constant B.worthyC.diverse D.curious19.A.gain B.master C.analyze D.improve20.A.activities B.adventures C.skills D.benefits29/34-30-【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。人們都傾向于尋求幸福。幸福是一個選擇,只要改變我們思想,我們就能感受到高興!1.B

語法功效題。依據(jù)句意可知,此處是when引導時間狀語從句。答案為B項。2.D

詞義辨析題。A項“力量,武力”;B項“協(xié)議,一致”;C項“想法,主意”;D項“結論”。作者得出結論是:幸福是一個選擇。答案為D項。3.A

詞義辨析題。A項“改變”;B項“瀏覽”;C項“擦亮,潤色,拋光”;D項“更新”。句意:高興或不高興只是取決于我們思想認識改變。依據(jù)句意可知答案為A項。4.B

詞義辨析題。句意:我想大多數(shù)人不高興是因為他們太過于關注外在東西。依據(jù)句意可知答案為B項。30/34-31-5.D

詞義辨析題。A項“觀賞,感激”;B項“喜歡”;C項“懷疑”;D項“討厭,厭惡,憎恨”。句意:他們可能會認為自己太胖了,或者厭煩自己工作。依據(jù)句意可知答案為D項。6.A

詞義辨析題。A項“壞,差”;B項“主動”;C項“荒謬可笑”;D項“有意義”。上文提到他們嫌棄自己太胖,討厭自己工作可知,這些糟糕想法會讓他們承受巨大壓力。答案為A項。7.C

詞義辨析題。A項“深思”;B項“友好”;C項“感激”;D項“有希望”。句意:另一個主要原因可能是他們缺乏對他人感恩態(tài)度。依據(jù)句意可知答案為C項。8.C

詞義辨析題。A項“遺棄,放棄”;B項“吸收”;C項“應得,應受,值得”;D項“擁有