適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Everydayeconomics外研版選擇性必修第四冊

Unit4EverydayeconomicsⅠ.閱讀理解ADigitalhoarding(alsoknownase-hoardingordatahoarding)meansaccumulating(積累)alargequantityofelectronicmaterials,eventhoughitisnolongervaluabletotheuser.Antoinette,25,said,“Thoughnotwell-organized,theWhatsAppchatwithmybestfriendsinhighschoolwillneverbedeleted.It’sinterestinglookingbackatthestartoftherelationshipsomanyyearsagoandwhoIwasthen,andIcanseehowtherelationshiphaschanged.”Besidesthe“friends”wekeeponsocialmedia,digitalfiles,folders,music,moviesandcomputerprogramsarealsoformsofdigitalhoarding.Bothundergraduatesandgraduatesexpressedfeelingoverwhelmedwithmassesoftechnologicalleftoverdata:lecturenotes,PowerPointslides,PDFsofresearch,snapshotsofclassroomwhiteboards—nottomentiontheirownever-increasingMetafriendstheydidn’tknowbutwereafraidofunfriending.Iamalsoadigitalhoarder.MyfirsthomescreenisfilledwithappsIuseeveryday—Meta,Spotify,Twitter,Outlook,Weather,etc.MysecondhomescreenhasappsthatIdon’tusequiteasmuch,butstillwantwithineasyreach—billingapps,shopping,andsmarthomeapps.Mythirdhomescreeniswherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol,justamessofgames,business-relatedapps,andatonofmiscellaneousdatathatarehardtobegroupedintoonecategory.IkeeptellingmyselfmaybeI’llneedthemonedaythathasnevercomeandprobablyneverwill.Hoardersfallintodifferentcategories.“Collectors”areorganized,systematicandincontroloftheirdata.“Accidentalhoarders”aredisorganized,don’tknowwhattheyhave,anddon’thavecontroloverit.The“complianthoarders”keepdataonbehalfoftheircompanies.Finally,“anxioushoarders”havestrongemotionaltiestotheirdataandareworriedaboutdeletingit.Peoplearemoreresistantwhenitcomestoactuallygettingridoftheirpreciouspossessions—perhapsbecausetheyhavetreatedtheselifelesspossessionsasiftheyhadthoughtsandfeelings.1.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Tointroducedigitalcollectors.B.Topresentamodernphenomenon.C.Toadvertisedigitalhoarding.D.Tooffertipsonhandlinge-data.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“miscellaneous”inparagraph4referto?A.Diverse.B.Reliable.C.Precise. D.Suitable.3.WhichtypeofdigitalhoarderdoesAntoinettebelongto?A.Collectors. B.Accidentalhoarders.C.Complianthoarder. D.Anxioushoarders.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdigitalhoarding?A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving.C.Tolerant. D.Uncaring.BWhatdefinesus?Ifpressed,Iwouldanswerthatifthereisanypartofmethatsitsatmycore,thensurelyitmustbemymoralcentre,mydeep-seatedsenseofrightandwrong.AndIoftenfeelthatI’maslightlydifferentpersonineachlanguageIspeak—moredeterminedinEnglish,morerelaxedinFrench,andmoreemotionalinCzech.Isitpossiblethat,alongwiththesedifferences,mymoralguidelinesalsopointinsomewhatdifferentdirectionsdependingonthelanguageI’musing?InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe“trainproblem”:Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.Theonlywaytostopthetrainandsparethefivepeopleistopushanotherstrangeroffafootbridgeintoitspath.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatposingthedilemmainalanguagethatvolunteershadlearnedasforeigntonguedramaticallyincreasedtheirwillingnesstopushthesacrificialpersonoffthefootbridge,fromfewerthan20%respondentsusingtheirnativelanguagetoabout50%ofthoseusingtheforeignone.InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenkilledbycar.Thosewhoreadthestoriesinaforeignlanguageperceivedtheseactionslesswrongthanthosewhoreadthemintheirnativetongue.Thedifferenceinthisjudgmentcomesdowntotwoseparateandcompetingthinkingpatterns—oneofthese,aquickanddirectfeeling,andtheother,carefuldeliberationaboutthegreatestgoodforthelargestnumber.Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypeface(字體)makespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heinveststimeinstudyinglanguage.B.Heperceiveslanguagesdifferslightly.C.Heignorestheroleofmoralconcepts.D.Hethinkslanguagesrelatetomorals.6.Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A.Bycarefullycitingexamples.B.Bycollectingandlistingdata.C.Byconductingexperiments.D.Byanalyzingpeople’shabits.7.Whyare“mathproblems”mentioned?A.Tojustifyathinkingpattern.B.Topresentanewfinding.C.Toclarifythecognitivesystem.D.Towarnagainstmakingmistakes.8.What’sthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Morality:TheCoreofPeopleB.Languages:InsightsintoJudgmentsC.Languages:AShapingPowertoMoralityD.Morality:ANewWaytoLearnLanguagesCSeveralyearsago,Iwasatapre-seasonfootballpracticeatahighschoolwhereIwasworkingwiththeteamonaconcussion(腦震蕩)researchproject.Theplayerswerelinedupintworowsfacingeachotherandwithlittlemoreinstructionsfromthecoachthan,“onthewhistle,hitthemanacrossfromyou”,greatconcernrushedthroughmymind.Professionalsportsgetthelion’sshareofattention,butoverthreemillionchildrenandteenagersintheUnitedStatesplaythesamegame.Thisdirectlyplacesconcussionasasignificantpublichealthconcernforall.However,fordecades,concussionhasbeenconsideredatemporaryinjurywithnolong-termconsequences.Manyathleteswilldojustaboutanythingtostayonthefieldand“playthroughthepain”asasignoftoughness.In2005,withthereleaseofthebraintissuepathology(病理學(xué))reportofMikeWebster,aretiredNationalFootballLeagueplayer,ourthinkingonconcussionbegantoshift.Sincethen,publicattentionhasfocusedonthislinkbetweenbraininjuryandblowstothehead.Asourunderstandingofconcussionprogressedtounderstandingitssignificanceasaninjury,sotoodidthedevelopmentofplayerequipment.Intheearly1900sfootballwasplayedwithouthelmets(頭盔),butsevereinjuries,likeskullfractures,ledtotheoccasionaluseofleatherhelmetsinthe1920s.Thefirstfacemaskenteredthegameinthe1950s.Modernhelmetsuseadvancedshellmaterials,havemoveablepanelstoabsorbforces,andmulti-layeredpaddingthatrespondstodifferentimpacts.Companieswillcontinuetoimprovehelmetsasnewmaterialsbecomeavailable,guidedbythenewestscience.Sportsareanimportantpartofasociety’scultureandtheygivemillionsofchildrenmuch-neededexercise.Yet,participationinanysportcarriestheinjuryrisk,andconcussionwillalwaysbepartofthat.Asthosechildrenbecomeadultsandmakesportstheirhobbyorevencareer,ensuringtheyplaysafelyatalllevelsisessential.9.Whatmadetheauthorfeelconcerned?A.Thecoach’sinexperience.B.Thephysicalconflictsamongtheplayers.C.Unawarenessofthepotentialinjuries.D.Theunpredictableoutcomeoftheproject.10.Whatdidathletesusetodowhenmeetingwithsports-relatedconcussion?A.Theytendedtoignoreit.B.Theyfeltscaredaboutit.C.Theyquitplayingimmediately.D.Theyrefusedmedicalassistance.11.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkaboutconcerningthehelmet?A.Itsgradualimprovement.B.Itswidespreadinfluence.C.Thediscoveryofitsnewmaterials.D.Thedifficultyofitsmassproduction.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Exerciseisvitalforchildren.B.Sportssafetycan’tbeoveremphasized.C.Noparticipationinsportsiswithoutinjuries.D.Concussionisthemostcommoninjuryinsports.Ⅱ.完形填空OnedayIwasapproachingseveralmassivecreatureswhenIcametoasuddenstop.Itwaswellbeyondmethatthesehugeanimalsshouldbelimitedbyonlysomeropes.Itwas1thattheanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropestiedtotheirfrontlegs.However,2,theydidnot.Ispotteda3closebyandwonderedwhytheelephantsjust4wheretheywereandhadnointentiontobreakaway.

“Well,”hereplied,“asthey’revery5wetiethemwiththesame6ropeandit’senoughto7themfortheirage.Astheygrowup,they’re8toholdthebeliefthattheycanneverrunaway.Theythinktheropesareboundto9holdthem,sotheydonotstruggletobreakfree.”Iwas10.Thelargeanimalscouldeasilymoveawayfromtheir11buttheyfelttheycouldn’t,sotheywere12rightthere.

Inourlifeanumberofpeopleare13withthesamewrongself-limitingbelief—I’mnotexcellentenoughorwhytryitifI’mnotgoingto14it.However,weoughtn’tto15ourcapability,talentandpotential.Instead,weshouldbelieveinourselves.Afterall,weneedtochangewiththetimesandthinkoutsidethebox.

1.A.importantB.obviousC.necessary D.hopeful2.A.atthattime B.fromthenonC.inthatcase D.forsomereason3.A.trainer B.teacherC.doctor D.businessman4.A.slept B.ateC.stood D.relaxed5.A.thin B.youngC.weak D.ill6.A.size B.colorC.style D.length7.A.attract B.trainC.cheat D.hold8.A.encouraged B.conditionedC.taught D.forced9.A.still B.evenC.just D.hardly10.A.thrilled B.interestedC.shocked D.disappointed11.A.owners B.thoughtsC.habitats D.bonds12.A.stuck B.killedC.sold D.fed13.A.laughedat B.toldoffC.broughtup D.reliedon14.A.mean B.catchC.get D.make15.A.control B.underestimateC.ignore D.developⅢ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Surfingisathrillingsportthatrequiresagreatdealofskills,strength,calmanddetermination.Forteenagers,ridingthewavescanmaketheirbloodracingandisanaddictiveexperience.Thisisthestoryofoneteenager’sunforgettableadventurewhilesurfing.Alexisa16-year-oldboywhogrewupinasmallcoastaltown.Heisanenthusiasticsurferandspentmostofhisfreetimeridingthewaves.Onesunnymorning,heheadedouttothebeachtocatchsomewaves.Ashearrivedatthebeach,thesunwasshining,andthewaveswereperfect.Hegrabbedhissurfboardandpaddled(用槳劃)outintothewater.Hespentthenextfewhourssurfing,andasthesunbegantoset,hedecidedtocatchonemorewavebeforeheadingbacktoshore.Alexspottedahugewaveonthehorizonandknewhehadtorideit.Hepaddledasfastashecould,feelingthewaterbeneathhimpushhimforward.Ashereachedthetopofthewave,hestooduponhisboardandfeltthewindrushpasthim.Thewavewashuge,andAlexfeltarushofexcitementasherodeittowardstheshore.Butasheapproachedtheshore,henoticedsomethingunusual.Thewaterwasmovingviolently,andhecouldhearastrangenoisecomingfrombeneathhim.Suddenly,thewavecrasheddownonhim,andhewasthrownfromhisboard.Hehitthewaterhardandwaspulledunderbythecurrent.Alexstruggledtoreachthesurfacebutfoundhimselftrappedinapowerfulcurrent.Thecurrentwaspullinghimouttosea,andhecouldfeelhimselfgettingfurtherandfurtherawayfromtheshore.Panicsetin,andhebegantofearforhislife.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式作答。ButAlexwasdeterminednottogiveup.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theboatnoticedhimandheadedtowardshim.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit4EverydayeconomicsⅠ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是數(shù)字囤積、囤積的內(nèi)容、囤積者的類型以及囤積的原因等。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知,本文主要圍繞“數(shù)字囤積”這一社會現(xiàn)象展開。再結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知,下文介紹了囤積的內(nèi)容、囤積者的類型以及囤積的原因等。由此可推知,本文主要是為了向讀者介紹“數(shù)字囤積”這種現(xiàn)代社會中存在的現(xiàn)象。故選B項。2.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“wherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol”和“thatarehardtobegroupedintoonecategory”可知,miscellaneousdata指的是復(fù)雜且無法控制的東西,這種東西難以歸類。由此可推測出,只有數(shù)據(jù)種類繁多且混雜,才會難以把其歸類。miscellaneous意為“混雜的,各種各樣的”,與diverse意思最為接近。故選A項。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Antoinette說的話中的“It’sinterestinglookingbackatthestartoftherelationshipsomanyyearsagoandwhoIwasthen,andIcanseehowtherelationshiphaschanged.”可知,Antoinette對自己存的數(shù)據(jù)有很強的感情。再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Finally,‘a(chǎn)nxioushoarders’havestrongemotionaltiestotheirdataandareworriedaboutdeletingit.”可知,Antoinette屬于焦慮的囤積者。故選D項。4.C推理判斷題。第四段講述了作者也是一個數(shù)字囤積者,作者的三臺電腦里都存滿了東西。根據(jù)第四段中的“MyfirsthomescreenisfilledwithappsIuseeveryday”,“MysecondhomescreenhasappsthatIdon’tusequiteasmuch,butstillwantwithineasyreach”和“Mythirdhomescreeniswherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol”可知,作者在三臺電腦上囤積了很多東西,但絲毫沒有為此感到煩惱,這說明他對數(shù)字囤積持容忍的態(tài)度。故選C項?！菊Z篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了作者認為語言與道德有關(guān),列舉了兩個實驗并對這種現(xiàn)象進行了總結(jié)。5.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前兩段內(nèi)容可知,作者認為語言與道德有關(guān)。故選D項。6.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe‘trainproblem’:Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.”以及第四段中的“InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenkilledbycar.”可知,作者通過仔細地引用例子證明他的觀點。故選A項。7.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypefacemakespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.”可推知,提到“數(shù)學(xué)問題”是為一種思維模式辯護。故選A項。8.C標題歸納題。文章主要說明了作者認為語言與道德有關(guān),列舉了兩個實驗并對這種現(xiàn)象進行了總結(jié)。由此可知,C選項“語言:一種塑造道德的力量”最適合作文章標題。故選C項?！菊Z篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述運動中的安全問題,以腦震蕩為例,由一開始的忽視到后來得到重視的過程,以此來告訴我們運動中安全問題至關(guān)重要。9.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Severalyearsago,Iwas...greatconcernrushedthroughmymind.”可知,作者當時正與球隊一起進行腦震蕩研究項目,而教練命令隊員去打?qū)γ娴娜?由此可推斷出,作者一定是擔心教練沒有意識到其中潛在的傷害。10.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“However,fordecades,...tostayonthefieldand‘playthroughthepain’asasignoftoughness.”可知,以前,運動員在遇到與運動相關(guān)的腦震蕩時往往會忽視它。故選A項。11.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Intheearly1900sfootball...improvehelmetsasnewmaterialsbecomeavailable,guidedbythenewestscience.”可知,該段主要是說運動員所戴頭盔的改進與變化。12.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后兩句“Yet,participationinanysport...playsafelyatalllevelsisessential.”可以推斷出,運動安全怎么強調(diào)都不為過。故選B項。Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章結(jié)合作者看到大象被細繩綁住但不逃脫的原因的解釋,提到了生活中也有一些類似的人,他們低估自己的能力、才能和潛力,認為自己不會成功。最后作者指出,我們應(yīng)該相信自己,需要與時俱進,跳出思維定式。1.B根據(jù)上文“thesehugeanimalssho