大學英語閱讀練習

i【作業(yè)名稱】：競賽題5［2012-05-21…【發(fā)布班級】：園林本11一一滕金秋…【發(fā)布老師］：田寧

【作業(yè)期限】：12-06-04/12-06-07

選擇題［教師自編］［題數(shù)：45;分數(shù):100分］

.I.ChoosethecorrectprepositionmarkedA,B,C,andD.

C1.Ithasthe___togainspeedmorequicklythana

sportscar.

A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.possibility

C2.Thesecommunitiesarenow___recyclingasacheaper

alternativetolandfills.

A.turninguptoB.turningoffC.turningtoD.turning

off

[2],

A3.Indeed,eveninvestment“demand“ismitigatedbyprice

asoneneedonlybuyafourthasmuchofitasadecadeago

tokeepactualphysicalpurchases___.

A.constantB.constraintC.consistentD.constative

[3].

D4.Yeah,alotofcircleshavebeenappearing_this

area.

A.aroundB.forC.inD.to

[4].I

B5._thehistoryofChina,andmanyothercultures,an

educationisanopportunitytomoveupintheworldand

attainsuccessinanumberofways.

A.InB.ThroughoutC.FromD.Of

[5].I

D6.Asthegroupfindsitsway___thedark,narrow

passageways,theyrealizehowamazingtheplaceis.

A.aroundBthroughC.byD.in

[6].I

D7.It'snottheenormouscrocodilethey，vebeenfollowing,

butthat'snotaproblem_Barr.

A.withB.forC.toD.at

m.r

C8.Over30millionChinesepeoplenowliveinotherparts

oftheworld,__SoutheastAsia,theUnitedStates,Canada,

andothercountriesandregions.”

A.exceptB.includinginC.includingD.from

[8].

A9.Infact,Matthewthinksalienswouldmore1ikelyusea

faster,instantaneoustechnique;somethingobviouslyreal

__everyone-evenhim.

A.toB.forC.aboutD.of

[9].r

A10.Theteamcontinuesandseessignsofcrocodiles

everywhere,includingmorefootprintsandmarks__their

longtails.

A.fromB.onC.inD.for

[10],

C11.Healsoexplainsthatteamssometimeschallengeeach

othertoamazethepublicbyshowingwhattheycandoan_

evening.

A.atB.duringC.afterD.in

[11].

B12.Attimes,Matthewisdisturbedbysomeofthebeliefs

_cropcircles.

A.ofB.aboutC.forD.from

[12],r

B13.___fullspeed,hecanreachtheendoftheracein4

minutes.

A.InB.AtC.ToD.Of

[13].I

B14.Thepolicehaddifficultyinthefansfrom

rushingontothestagetotakephotoswiththesinger.

A.limitingB.restrainingC.confiningD.restricting

[14].

D15.Theteachertoldthestudentstostayinthe

classroomandtheydid.

A.absolutelyB.accidentallyC.accordinglyD.accurately

[15].I

D16.___thebosssays,it'sunreasonabletoaskmeto

workovertimewithoutpay.

A.WhateverB.WheneverCWhicheverD.However

[16],r

D17.She_fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherata

conference.

A.hadbeenB.mustbeC.hasbeenD.musthavebeen

[17],

D18.Oncewehavetothiscourseofactionthereisno

goingback.

A.committedB.contributedC.beencommittedD.been

contributed

[18].

C19.Weconsider___heshouldhaveleftwithouttelling

anyonebeforehand.

A.strangewhyB.itstrangewhatC.itstrangethatD.

thatstrange

[19].I

D20.Traditionally,sonscarry_thefamilynameand

supporttheirparentswhentheyareolderandrequirecare.

〃

A.throughB.outC.inD.on

[20].I

II.Readtheparagraph.Thenmatcheachwordwiththe

correctdefinition.

Argentinahasmanydifferenttypesofterrain,including

thewet,flatpampasofCorrientes,thewindyplainsof

Patagonia,andthehillsofSalta.Inremoteareasofthe

country,farawayfrombusycitylife,onecanfind

traditionalArgentineangauchos.Thesegauchoslovetheir

self-reliantlifestyleandenjoylivingontheirown.They

arealsoveryproudoftheirheritageandwanttokeep

theirtraditionsaliveforfuturegenerations.

21.terrainAA.thenaturalfeaturesofland;the

landscape

[21],

22.pampas_EB.farawayfromcitiesandtowns

[22].

23.remote_BC.abletotakecareofoneselfwithout

outsidehelp

[23].r

24.gaucho___DD.aSouthAmericanpersonwhocaresfor

largefarmanimalsasajob

[24].r

25.self-reliantCE.aSpanishwordfortheplains

inpartsofSouthAmerica

[25].

III.Readingcomprehension

Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis

followedbyseveralquestionsandyouarerequiredto

choosetherightonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C

andD.

ItwasmyfirstvisittoCalifornia.Ihadjust

completedmyfirstyearofcollegeandIwasreadyfora

realvacation.IstayedwithmyfriendGaryandhisfamily

attheirhomeonthebeachinSanDiego.Oneday,wewere

relaxingonthebeachwhenGarysuddenlyjumpedupandsaid,

“Hey,Peter!Doyouwanttoseehowfaroutwecanswim?

Thewaveslookwildoutthere!”"Sure!Let'sgo,"I

said,andwerantogetherintothewater.

Weenteredtheoceanrightnexttoalongdockthat

extendedapproximately100metersintothewater.LaterI

wouldbeinformedit'sneveragoodideatoswimbesidea

dock;theysometimescausedangerouscurrents.Weswam

straightoutfromtheshoreandshoutedtoeachotheraswe

swamthroughthewarmwater.Thensuddenly,Irealizedthat

Garywasn'tbymysideanymore.Ilookedbacktowardthe

shoreandhewasabout200,metersbehindmeand

disappearingfast."Gary,what'shappening?vIshouted,

butbythattimehewastoofarawayformetohear.

Suddenly,itbecameclearthatIwasintrouble.The

watersurroundingmewasfullofmudandIrememberedthat

muddywaterisasignofaripcurrent,whichcanpulla

swimmerout.Ibecameincrediblytiredfromfighting

againstit.Icouldn'tseeGaryanywhere.Unexpectedly,a

giantwavepushedmebeneaththewaterandheldmethere

forwhatseemedlikealifetime.Icouldhardlybreathe,

butthensuddenlyIresurfaced!

Atlast,IheardanoiseandlookedintotheskywhereI

sawaparamotorcomingtowardsme.Soonalifepreserver

wasdroppednexttome.Thepilotpointedtotheleftand

shouted,"Don'tswimtowardstheshore!Swimalongthe

coasttogetoutofthecurrent."Afterafewminutes,I

makeitoutofthecurrentandsoonalifeguardrescueboat

helpedmeaboard,andtherewasGary!Wewereboth

exhausted,butsafe.Ihadalwaysthoughtthatparamotors

wereforfun,butnowIknowtheycanhaveamuchgreater

purpose-savinglives.

26.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?C

A.Howtheauthorspenthisvacationwithhis

friendinSanDiego.

B.Howtheauthorwascaughtinthecurrentand

saved.

C.Howtheauthorfoughtagainsttheripcurrent.

D.HowalifeguardrescuedtheauthorandGary.

[26].I-?

27.Whyisitdangeroustoswimbesideadock?A

A.Itsometimescausesdangerouscurrents.

B.Itisnotwithinthelifeguards，dutyarea.

C.Itisanareaofwaterforloadingand

unloadingships.

D.Itsometimescausesgiantwaves.

[27].

28.Atwhattimedidtheauthorrealizethathewas

introuble?C

A.WhenheknewthatGarywasn，tbyhisside.

B.Whenheheardanoisefromabove.

C.Whenhesawthewatersurroundinghimwasfullof

mud.

D.Whenhefeltthewaterwaswarm.

[28].

29.Whotoldtheauthornottoswimtowardstheshore?

B

A.Gary.B.Alifeguard.

C.Apilot.D.Anotherswimmer.

[29].r

30.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?B

A.Theauthorcalledoutforhelpwhenhefound

Garydisappearingfast.

B.Garysuggestedthattheyswimintheocean.

C.Theauthorwasstillinthecurrentwhenthe

rescueboatarrived.

D.TheauthorwasrescuedearlierthanGary.

[30].

FAQ:FrequentlyAskedQuestionsaboutEthiopiaReads

WHATISETHIOPIAREADS?

EthiopiaReadsisanorganizationwhichaimstohelp

youngEthiopianlearntoreadandtocreateacultureof

readinginEthiopia.Itseekstoachievethesegoalsby

providingqualityreadingmaterialsinlocationsthatare

readilyaccessibletoallchildren,whileproviding

supportiveadultguidance.

HOWDIDETHIOPIAREADSBEGIN?

WhileworkingattheSanFranciscoPublicLibrary,

YohannesGebregeorbis,anativeofEthiopia,wasunableto

findanybooksinthe83-plusEthiopianlanguages.He

realizedthatEthiopianchildrenurgentlyneededbooksin

ordertolearntoread,soheaskedauthorJaneKurtzfor

help.Kurtz,whohas1ivedinEthiopiaandauthoredseveral

booksforchildren,workedwithlocalorganizationsin

grandForks,NorthDakota,toraisemoneyfortheproject.

Theprogramwasstartedwiththesecontribution,andothers

fromtheSanFranciscoPublicLibrary.

WHEREDOTHEBOOKSCOMEFROM?

MaterialinthelocalEthiopianlanguages,suchas

textbooks,referencebooks,andstorybooks,arepurchased

frompublishersorpublishedbyEthiopianReads.Since

Englishisthelanguageusedinmosthighschoolsandfor

universityplacementexams,thelibrariesalsooffer

Englishlanguagebooks.Someofthesebooksarepurchased,

butmostaredonatedbypeopleinEnglish-speaking

countriesandshippeddirectlytoEthiopiaReads.

HOWSUCCESSFULARETHELIBRARY?

In2003,EthiopiaReadsopenedthecountryJsfirst

freelibraryforchildrendowntownAddisAbaba.TheShola

Children'sLibrarynowcontained50.000booksandprovides

asafe,well-organizedenvironmentinwhichchildrencan

read,studyandlearn.Morethan200.000childrenhave

visitedthelibrary,whichisopensixdaysaweek,since

2003.Inaddition,theorganizationhasopenedtenbranch

librariesinotherdistrictsofthecityandhasplansto

open100libraries,includingsitesinalleightmajor

cities,bytheyear2010.

ChallengesFacedbyEthiopiaReads

,58%ofEthiopiansage15andabovecannotread.

,Classesingovernmentschoolstypicallyhave

approximately180students.

,Atpresent,99%ofschoolsinEthiopiahaveno

libraries.

TheDonkeyLibrary

EthiopiaReadshasfoundauniquewaytomeettheneeds

ofresidentslivingonthefarmingregionaroundAwassa.In

2006,theybeganusingadonkeycarttotransportbooksto

childrenwhohadnolibrariesintheirneighborhood.

“QueenHelina,“asthedonkeyiscalled,bringsbooksto

thousandsofchildrenwhowouldnothaveaccesstothem.

31.WhatisEthiopiaReads?D

A.ItisamoviewhichencouragesEthiopianstoread.

B.Itisabookwhichattractstheattentionof

Ethiopianreaders.

C.ItisanEthiopianlibrarywithagreatvariety

ofbooks.

D.Itisanorganizationwhichaimstohelpyoung

Ethiopianslearntoread.

[31].I

32.HowdidEthiopiaReadsbegin?D

A.Theprogramwasstartedwiththehelpofthe

governmentofSanFrancisco.

B.Theprogramwasstartedwithsupportfromthe

Ethiopiangovernment.

C.Theprogramwasstartedwiththecontributionsof

peoplefromEnglish-speakingcountries.

D.Theprogramwasstartedwiththegreat

contributionsofanativeofEthiopiaandanauthorwhohas

writtenseveralbooksforchildren.

[32].

33.WheredotheEnglishlanguagebookscomefrom?B

A.Allthebooksarepurchasedfromlocalpublishers.

B.Someofthebooksarepurchased,butmanyare

donatedbypeopleinEnglish-speakingcountries.

C.AllthebooksaredonatedbypeopleinEthiopia.

D.ManyofthebooksarepurchasedfromEnglish-

speakingcountries.

[33j.r

34.HowwerebooksbroughttoEthiopianchildrenwhohad

nolibrariesintheirneighborhoodin2006?C

A.Peoplebroughtbookstochildrenbyusingafarm

truck.

B.Peopletransportedbookstochildrenwiththe

helpofhorses.

C.Peoplebeganusingadonkeycarttotransport

bookstochildren.

D.Peopletransportedbookstochildrenbyships.

[34],

35.WhendidEthiopiaReadsopenthecountry'sfirstfree

libraryforchildrenindowntownAddisAbaba?B

A.In2002.B.In2003.C.In2004.D.In2005.

[35].r

Pollution:ALifeandDeathIssue

OneofthemainthemesofPlanetunderPressureistheway

manyoftheEarth,senvironmentalcrisesreinforceone

another.Pollutionisanobviousexample-wedonothavethe

optionofgrowingfood,orfindingenoughwater,ona

squeaky-cleanplanet,butonanincreasinglytarnished

andtrashedbythewaywehaveuseditsofar.

Cuttingwasteandcleaninguppollutioncostmoney.Yet

timeandagainitisthequestforwealththatgenerates

muchofthemessisthefirstplace.Livinginawaythat

islessdamagingtotheEarthisnoteasy,butitisvital,

becausepollutionispervasiveandoftenlife-threatening.

Air:theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthreemillion

peoplearekilledworldwidebyoutdoorairpollution

annuallyfromvehiclesandindustrialemissions,and1.6

millionindoorsthroughusingsolidfuel.Mostareinpoor

countries.

Water:diseasescarriedinwaterareresponsiblefor80%of

illnessanddeathsindevelopingcountries,killingachild

everyeightseconds.Eachyear,2.1millionpeoplediefrom

diarrhoeal(痢疾的)diseaseassociatedwithpoorwater.

ChronicProblem

Chemicalsareafrequentpollutant.Whenwethinkof

chemicalcontaminationitisoftenimagesofeventslike

Bhopalthatcometomind.Buttheproblemiswidespread.

Onestudysays7?20%ofcancersareattributabletopoorair

andpollutioninhomesandworkplaces.TheWHO,concerned

aboutchemicalsthatpersistandbuildupinthebody,

especiallyintheyoung,sayswemay“beconductinga

large-scaleexperimentwithchildren,shealthv.

Someman-madechemicals,endocrine（內分泌）disruptorslike

phthalates徽酸鹽）andnonylphenol-abreakdownproductof

spermicides（殺精子齊（J）,cosmeticsanddetergents-are

blamedforcausingchangesinthegenitalsofsomeanimals.

Affectedspeciesincludepolarbears-sonoteventhe

Arcticisimmune.Andthechemicalsclimbthefoodchain,

fromfishtomammals,andtous.

About70.000chemicalsareonthemarket,witharound1.500

newonesappearingannually.Atleast30.000arethought

nevertohavebeencomprehensivelytestedfortheir

possibleriskstopeople.

Atfirstglance,theplasticbucketsstackedinthecorner

oftheenvironmentalNGOofficelooklikeanyothers.But

thecontainersareanunlikelyweaponinonepoor

communityJsfightagainstoilcompanieswhichtheysayare

responsibleforwidespreadill-healthcausedbyyearsof

pollution.Thevesselsareusedbyanetworkoflocal

volunteers,knownastheBucketBrigade,togatherair

samplesinneighborhoodsborderingoilrefineries,aspart

ofacampaigntomonitoranddocumentairpollutionwhich

theybelieveiscomingfromtheplants.

InSouthAfrica,asinmanydevelopingandnewly

industrializedcountries,legislationonairpollutionhas

failedtokeeppacewithmushroomingindustrials.Solocal

residents,likemanyinpoorcommunitiesaroundtheglobe,

havefacedtheproblemofinvestigationtheirclaimthat

industriesontheirdoorstepsaremakingthemsick.

Trade-off

Butthesnagisthatmodernsocietydemandsmanyofthem,

andsomeareessentialforsurvival.Sowhileweinvokethe

precautionaryprinciple,whichalwaysrecommendserringon

thesideofcaution,wehavetorecognizetherewillbe

trade-offstobemade.

ThepesticideDDTdoesgreatdamagetowildlife,andcan

affectthehumannervoussystem,butcanalsobeaffective

againstmalaria（瘧疾）.Wheredoestheprioritylie?

Theindustrializedworldhasnotyetcleanedupthemessit

created,butitisreapingthebenefitsofthepollutionit

hascaused.Itcanhardlytellthedevelopingcountries

thattheyhavenorighttofollowsuit.

Anothercomplicationintacklingpollutionisthatitisit

doesnotrespectpoliticalfrontiers.ThereisaUN

conventionontrans-boundaryairpollution,butthatcannot

covereveryproblemthatcanarisebetweenneighbors,or

betweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder.Perhaps,the

bestexampleisclimatechange-thecountriesoftheworld

shareoneatmosphere,andwhatonedoescanaffecteveryone.

Foroneandall

Oneoftheprinciplesthataresupposedtoapplyhereis

simplethepolluterpays.Sometimesitisobviouswhoisto

blameandwhomustpaytheprice,butitisnotalways

straightforwardtoworkoutwhoisthepolluter,orwhether

therestofuswouldbehappytopaythepriceofstopping

thepollution.

Onewayofcleaningupafterourselveswouldbetothrow

lessaway,designingproductstoberecycledorevenjust

tolastlonger.

Previousgenerationsworkedontheassumptionthat

discardingourwastewasaproperwaytogetridofit,so

weusedtodumpnuclearmaterialsandotherpotential

hazardsatsea,confidenttheywouldbedispersedinthe

depths.

Wenowthinkthatistooriskybecause,asoneauthorwrote,

“thereisnosuchplaceas'away',andthere'snosuch

personasthe'other'.”

IrritatingAir

Despiterecentimprovements,however,thehealthproblems

arestillthere.A2002medicalstudy,carriedoutby

Durban'sNelsonMandelaSchoolofMedicineandaUS

university,foundthatanabnormallyhigh52%ofstudents

andteachersataprimaryschoolborderingtheEngenplant

sufferedfromasthma（哮喘）.Itfoundthatincreasesinair

pollutiontendedtoaggravateasthmasymptomsinchildren.

Thepetrolproducersdonotdisputethefindingsbutargue

thatresearcherswereunabletoestablishacasuallink

betweenairpollutionandthehighprevalenceofasthma

amongtheschoolpopulation.

Forthecommunity,thenextstepistotakelegalaction.

But,accordingtointernationallyrecognized

environmentalistBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswould

bedifficultasitwou1dbeneat-impossibletoprovethat

illnesssufferedwerecausedbypollutioncomingfroma

particularplant.

Mr.Peek,whogrewupbeneathEngen'sstacks,saysthe

activistsarenowconsideringtakingactionagainstthe

authorities."Wearenowlookinatsuingthegovernmenton

constitutionalgrounds,forfailingtoensureourrightto

protectionfromaharmfulenvironmentasastipulatedin

theconstitution,“hesaid.

LegislativeChange

Anewbatchofenvironmentallaws,theNationalAirQuality

Act,hasjustbeenpassedbytheSouthAfricanparliament

toreplaceoutdated1965legislationwithtightercontrols

andtoughersanctions.

MartinusvanSchalkwyk,theministerofenvironmental

affairesandtourism,visitedthesouthDurbanbasinthis

yearandsaidthereweremeasuresinplacetoimprovethe

situation."Isharetheangerandfrustrationofthis

community.Itislongoverdue,“hetoldtheSouthAfrican

BroadcastingCorporation.

Thelocalauthoritieshavealsoestablisheda"Multi-Point

Plan“forthearea.Theysayitisapowerfulmodelfor

tacklingpollutionandpointstoa40%reductioninsulphur

dioxideemissionsinrecentyears.

36.Landcanbepollutedby_Bfromagriculture.

A.heavymetals

B.pesticidesandnitrate-poorfertilizers

C.slurryfromlivestock

D.rubbish

[36].

37.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsis

notreferredinthepassage?D

A.PolarbearsB.MammalsC.PeopleD.Birds

[37].

38.Whatdolocalresidentsclaimfor?B

A.Theyaresickbecauseofyearsofpollution.

B.theyaresickbecauseofindustriesontheirdoorsteps.

C.Theyaresickbecauseofairpollution.

D.Theyaresickbecauseofairpollution.

[38].

39.ThereisaU.N.conventionthatcancoverD

A.problembetweenneighbours

B.problembetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder

C.problemsonairpollution

D.trans-boundaryairpollution

[39].

40.Whatisnotsaidtobeawayofcleaningupafter

ourselves?B

A.Throwlessaway.

B.Designrecycledproducts.

C.Don'tuseitagain.

D.Lastlonger.

[40].I

IV.Readthefollowingscript,anddecidewhetherthe

followingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).

Narrator:IntheincredibleheatoftheAustralianoutback,

thesoilhasbeenburnedbythesun.Thelandscapedoesn't

lookverywelcoming,butbeneaththedrysurface,thereare

valuabletreasurestobefound.NearthetownofCoober

Pedy,SouthAustralia,hugefieldsofsmallhillscoverthe

land.Here,deepundertheearth,onecanfindmendigging

almosteveryhourofeveryday.They,rediggingfor

somethingthat-iftheyfindit-maychangetheirlives

forever.PeterRoweisjustoneofthereminers.

PeterRowe,OpalMiner:"AndIcancomeheretomakea

milliondollars.Iheardyoucouldmakeamilliondollars

inCooberPedy,andIcometogetmyshareofit!

Narrator:Andwhathavetheyallcomeheretofind?

Rowe:"Tofindopal.That'swhattheycameherefor.To

findthat