專八專題訓(xùn)練之句子的翻譯

第四章漢譯英句子翻譯1Outline主語的確定謂語的確定與主謂一致語序的調(diào)整否定句的翻譯句子功能再現(xiàn)21.主語的確定應(yīng)遵循的原則：必須符合英語的語言習(xí)慣和英美等國(guó)的文化習(xí)俗必須符合英美人的思維方式必須符合句中應(yīng)突出的信息必須符合句中的邏輯關(guān)系31.1必須符合英語的語言習(xí)慣和英美等國(guó)的文化習(xí)俗熱烈歡迎世界各地客商來此進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)合作，建立和發(fā)展貿(mào)易。Customersfromvariouscountriesandregionsarewarmlywelcometoestablishanddevelopbusinesscontacts.4希望今后北京能夠與更多的外國(guó)城市結(jié)為友好城市。ItishopedthatBeijingwillestablishfriendlyrelationswithmoreforeigncitiesinthefuture.5我知道你要說服他放棄那個(gè)計(jì)劃是很困難的。Iknowitisdifficultforyoutopersuadehimoutoftheplan.61.2必須符合英美人的思維方式她從來沒想到他是個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。Itneveroccurredtoherthathewasadishonestman.下傾盆大雨了。Itisrainingcatsanddogs.7南京發(fā)生過許多重大的歷史事件。Nanjingwitnessedmanygreathistoricevents.81.3必須符合句中應(yīng)突出的信息……到去年年底，我部已同有關(guān)省市簽訂了100余艘中小船舶的建造合同和協(xié)議。Bytheendoflastyear,contractsandagreementsweresignedwithsomeprovincesandcitiesfortheconstructionofmorethan100medium-andsmall-sizedvessels.9我給你打國(guó)際直撥就跟給樓下的李姐打電話差不多，一撥就通。AninternationalphonecalltoyouisaseasyasacalltoSisterLidownstairs.101.4必須符合句中的邏輯關(guān)系他的英語講得很好。HisEnglishspeaksgood.HespeaksgoodEnglish.11我們事業(yè)從勝利走向勝利。Wehavewononevictoryafteranotherforourcause.Ourcausehaswonvictoriesoneafteranother.Aseriesofvictorieshavebeenwonforourcause.122.謂語的確定與主謂一致2.1人稱和數(shù)與主語保持一致鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的繁榮是我國(guó)農(nóng)村改革的必然產(chǎn)物。Theprosperityoftownshipenterprisesistheinevitableoutcomeoftheeconomicreformintheruralareas.13當(dāng)前，我國(guó)的職業(yè)教育和成人教育正在加快發(fā)展。Vocationaleducationandadulteducationarebeingpushedonenergeticallyinourcountry.142.2時(shí)態(tài)與原文語義相吻合他做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎引起化學(xué)藥物爆炸。Hisabsent-mindednessduringtheexperimentsnearlycaused

anexplosionofthechemical.15他過去的那副尊容，只要你見過一次，無論什么時(shí)候你都不會(huì)忘記。Hehadafacethatonceyousaw

isneverforgotten.162.3邏輯上與主語搭配得當(dāng)這一證書課程分在三年中學(xué)完。Thiscertificatecourseofstudieswillspreadoverthreeyear.這次旅游可選擇的地方有北京、上海或西安。ThetourwillincludeBeijing,ShanghaiandXi’an.172.4必須與賓語搭配得當(dāng)從這次講座中，我們學(xué)到了許多美國(guó)歷史方面的知識(shí)。WeobtainedmuchknowledgeofAmericanhistoryfromthelecture.18原文若是形容詞短語、名詞性短語、數(shù)量詞或介詞短語作謂語，譯文中常采用系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語你們一定知道，這種打字機(jī)輕便高效，經(jīng)久耐用又經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，適合高中學(xué)生使用。Youarewellawarethatthistypeoftypewriterisportableanddurable,economicalandpractical

forhighschoolstudents.19連動(dòng)式和兼語式，譯文選擇一個(gè)主要?jiǎng)釉~作謂語，其它動(dòng)詞用其他形式市政府采取各種措施招商。Thecitygovernmenttakesmanymeasuretoinviteinvestment.20招商代表團(tuán)吸引了許多東南亞客商來新加坡洽談項(xiàng)目。ThedelegationofinvitinginvestmenthasattractedmanybusinessmenfromSoutheastAsiatoSingaporetoholdtalksondifferentprojects.21被動(dòng)式的翻譯又一座立交橋?qū)⒂谀甑淄ㄜ嚒?含義被動(dòng)）Anotherflyoverwillbeopenedtotrafficbytheendofthisyear.家家房頂上都裝了供沐浴用的太陽(yáng)能熱水器。（泛指主語）Asolarheaterisinstalledontheroofofeveryhouse,providingwarmwaterfortheshower.22漢英句子對(duì)比主題突出，連動(dòng)式，主語突出，一個(gè)中心謂語漢語英語23我打算趕頭班火車回北京。IamgoingtocatchthefirsttrainbacktoBeijing.他們勸我采取“睜一只眼，閉一只眼”的方針.Theypersuadedmetoadoptthelive-and-let-livepolicy.24想到要出國(guó)深造，他就激動(dòng)不已。（Fordifferentemphasis）Theideathathewouldgoabroadforfurtherstudymadehimgreatlyexcited.Hefeltgreatlyexcitedatthethoughtofgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.25近年來，中、泰兩國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，為兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。1).InrecentyearsthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandhavequicklydeveloped,providingagoodfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.2)RecentyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesinChinaandThailand,whichhaspreparedforgoodeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.3)ChinaandThailand,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheirnationaleconomiesinrecentyears,havelaidagoodfoundationfortheireconomicandtradecooperation.264)TherapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandinrecentyearshaslaidasoundfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.Whichoneisthebestone?273.語序的調(diào)整英漢語都以主語+謂語+賓語或施事+行為+受事為基本語序；就施事、行為和受事的順序而言，漢語語序排列比英語靈活。施事、行為、受事的位置在漢語中比較自由，在英語中比較固定。28沙發(fā)上坐著一個(gè)人。Amanwassittingonthecouch.約翰的中國(guó)之行，給他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。ThebeautyoftheWestLakeinHangzhouwaswhatimpressedJohnmostduringhistriptoChina.29父親母親的形象還能回憶一點(diǎn)兒，但很模糊。EventodayI

canrecollectwhatmyownparentslookedlikebut,ofcourse,myimpressionisblurry.30表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和方式的狀語同時(shí)使用時(shí)，在漢語中通常排列為時(shí)間—地點(diǎn)—方式—?jiǎng)釉~的順序；在英語中則通常排列為動(dòng)詞—方式—地點(diǎn)—時(shí)間的順序。大會(huì)將于今年九月在北京隆重召開。ThemeetingwillbeginceremoniouslyinBeijingthefollowingSeptember.他每晚都在圖書館用心讀書。Hereadshardinthelibraryeveryevening.狀語位置調(diào)整31我們相信，在新的一年里，通過雙方的努力，我們的業(yè)務(wù)和友好合作關(guān)系會(huì)得到發(fā)展。Webelievewewillbeabletodevelopbusinessrelationsandfriendlycooperationthroughourcommoneffortsinthecomingyear.經(jīng)過仔細(xì)討論，決定立即開始修建這條鐵路。Afterathoroughdiscussion,wedecidedtostartbuildingtherailwayrightaway.32定語的調(diào)整漢語中不同類型詞語作定語修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，往往將表明事物本質(zhì)屬性的詞語排列在前，將描寫性詞語排列在后；而英語則相反，越是表明事物本質(zhì)屬性的定語，越是靠近被修飾的中心詞。中國(guó)現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大，保存最完整的古代建筑群。Thebest-preservedmagnificentancientarchitecturalcomplexesinChina.山東曲阜是中國(guó)古代著名思想家，教育家孔子的故鄉(xiāng)。Qufu,Shandongprovince,isthebirthplaceofConfucius,awell-renownedancientChinesethinkerandteacher.33日本和我國(guó)是一衣帶水的鄰邦。Japanisourcloseneighborseparatedonlybyanarrowstripofwater.他是依然健在的最偉大的科學(xué)家。Heisthegreatestwriteralive.這是可能取得的最令人滿意的結(jié)果了。Thisisthemostsatisfactoryresultobtainable344.否定的翻譯

漢英兩種語言的習(xí)慣用法不同油漆未干。Wetpaint.在他還沒來得及阻攔我之前，我已經(jīng)跑出教室。Beforehecouldstopme,Ihadrushedoutoftheclassroom.(*Beforehecouldnotstopme…)在收據(jù)尚未簽字以前不得付款。Before

thereceipthasbeensigned,themoneymustnotbepaid.(*Beforethereceipthasnotbeensigned…)35例句而阿Q總覺得自己太失意：既然革了命，不應(yīng)該只是這樣。YetAhOstillfeltdissatisfied.Hethoughtsincearevolutionhadtakenplace,itshouldbesomethingmorethanthis.陳松林說的這些名字，許云峰都不知道。ThesenamesmentionedbyChenSonglinwerenew

toXu

Yunfeng.36例句他的解釋不能讓人滿意。Hisexplanationis

farfromsatisfactory.他雖然貧窮，但無論如何也不會(huì)說謊。Poorashewas,hewasabovetellingalieinanycase.(Heisabovetakingprofitsforhimself.他不屑于為自己謀利。)37正說反譯，反說正譯否定譯成肯定肯定譯成否定否定轉(zhuǎn)移385.1否定譯成肯定在收據(jù)尚未簽字以前不得付款。Beforethereceipthasbeensigned,themoneymustnotbepaid.她抱怨名單上沒有她的名字。Shecomplainedabouttheomissionofhernamefromthelist.39他決不會(huì)說出這樣的話。Hewasthelastpersontosaysuchthings.說什么我也不去。I’llbedamnedifIgo.405.2肯定譯成否定他們工作時(shí)總是互相幫助。Theyneverworkwithouthelpingeachother.他他太自私，幾乎沒有人喜歡他。Heissoselfishthathardlyanybodylikeshim.41

5.3否定轉(zhuǎn)移謂語主語如果沒有太陽(yáng)，什么也不能生存。Withoutth