2024屆河南省五市高三年級下冊一模英語試題（附答案解析）

2024屆河南省五市高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題

學(xué)校:姓名：班級：考號：

一、閱讀理解

JonathanDrori'sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhengrowingupinsouthwest

London.TheylivedwithinwalkingdistanceoftheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,hometoone

ofthemostdiversecollectionsofplantsintheworld.Hisparentswouldtakehimandhis

brotherfrequentlytothegardens,exploringthegroundsanddiscoveringnewplantspecies

fromaroundtheworld.

“Myfatherwastrainedinbotanybutworkedasanengineer,whilemymotherwas

interest-edinthebeautyofplants,“hesays,“Shewouldcarryamagnifyingglassinher

purse,andwe'dgotoKeweveryweektolookattheindividualplants.9,

NowDroriisabotanyexpert.He'sbuiltacareerasaneducator,focusingonthe

environmentandtechnology,andisalsoaproductiveauthor.Hisnewbookexplainsthe

historicalandculturalsignificanceofdifferentplantspecies.Usingamapashisguide,he

selectedabouteightyplantsfromaroundtheworld,andeachhasaninterestingbackstory

thatfocusesontheculturalsignificanceandbotanicalstructureofeachspecies.

Forexample,amaranth（范菜）fromPeruhasalmostbeenforgotten,sinceifsoftenover-

shadowedbymorereadilyavailablewholegrainslikeoatsandrye.However,ithasgained

popularityinrecentyearsthankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficial

acids.Infact,beforetheSpanishConquestin1519,amaranthwasamajorfoodstuffofthe

IncaandAztecempires.TheAztecsuseditsseedsforceremonialpurposes,mixingamaranth

flourintofiguresrepresentingimportantdeitieswithintheirculture,suchasTlaloc,thegodof

rain.

1.WheredidJonathanDrori,sinterestinbotanymainlycomefrom?

A.HiscollectionB.HisteachersC.HisbooksD.Hischildhood

2.WhichofthefollowingisthemostpossibletitleforJonathanDrori'snewbook?

A.AroundtheWorldin80PlantsB.HowPlantsRelatetoCivilization

C.HowPlantsTellStoriesofHistoryD.ABriefHistoryofResearchonPlants

3.Whatleadstoamaranthbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently?

A.ItshistoricalvalueB.Itsceremonialvalue

C.ItshealthyvalueD.Itsculturalvalue

EarlyinmytimeinChina,IaskedacoworkerifshenoticedanythingAmericansdothat

isstrange."You'realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend.^^shesaid.Shehadneverseen

mefightwithmyfriend,soIwassurprised,untilIrealizedshewasreferringtoa

philosophicaldebate.Thoughpassionate,myfriendandIwouldhardlyhaveconsideredita

fight.Accordingtohim,manyChinesewouldn'ttelltheirfriendto“shutyourmouthwhen

youspeaktome“ortellthem,6tyourlogicissodumb-youdon'thaveobjectpermanence”,

whichisopposedtosocialharmony.

Wordsaremetaphors,servingtocomprehendabstractideasorbeliefs.Eachlanguage

possessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstand

words.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmerevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemof

expression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesat

communicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey'veread,theycannotguaranteethatthe

listenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.

Eachlanguagebarrierexistswithinspeakersofthesamelanguage.In2013,Iworked

withaBritishmanwhohadlivedinChinaforadecadeandspokeChinesefluently.Ittook

himabout10yearstofullyunderstandtheculture.EitherI'msilly,orhewaskiddingme.

Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,I'mevenmoreconfusedthanIwas

then...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,andIsuspect

thatwillalwaysbetrue.IfI'mlucky,I'llhaveanother30yearsoflife,lesstimethanmore

intelligentmenthanIhavespentstudyingculture.

PerhapsI'mnotmeanttounderstandChina.Thereisacceptanceandpeaceinthat.With

myforeignfriends,IwilljokeandeventeasethemandwithmyChinesefriends,Iwillask

questionstoavoidgivingtheimpressionIamfightingwiththem.Iwillembrace

cross-culturalconfusionandpersistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkers

andneighbors,becausethatknowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.

4.WhatimpressiondoestheauthorleaveonhisChinesefriend?

A.Hespecializesindebating.B.Heiskindofrudetofriends.

C.Heargueswithothersmuch.D.Heispassionateaboutphilosophy.

5.WhatdoestheauthorstressaboutthelanguageinParagraph2?

A.ItsinnerlogicB.Itssignificantcomplexity

C.ItsabstractoriginD.Itschangingstructure

試卷第2頁，共10頁

6.WhatmakestheauthormorepuzzledwhenlivinglongerinChina?

A.ProfoundChinesecultureB.HisBritishfriend^,experience

C.LittletimespentwithfamilyD.Differentunderstandingofhumor

7.Whichistheauthor9splanforfuturelife?

A.HewilltakeChinaasitis.B.Hewillreturntohismotherland.

C.HewillbemoreseriousinChina.D.Hewillpersistinacademicstudy.

Inrecentyears,thepopularideaofreducingcarbonfootprintsbyeatinglocallytocut

downfoodmileshascomeundercloseexamination.However,arecentstudypublishedin

NatureFoodindicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentof

food-relatedemissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations.This

statementbegsthequestion:Arefoodmilesmoresignificantthanweinitiallybelieved?

Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproductiontoconsumption,with

previousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretinycomparedtothe

emissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingonekilogram

ofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgperkilogram.Ifthe

goalistominimizedietarycarbonfootprints,itwouldbemorebeneficialtochoosefoods

withloweroverallcarbonfootprints,eveniftheyhavetotraveladistance.Therefore,

reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.

Therecentstudydoesn'tcontradict（相矛盾）thisconclusion.Thereasonwhythe

reportedproportionishigheristhatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,including

thetransportationoffertilizers,farmequipment,andpesticides（殺蟲齊U）.HannahRitchie,a

researcherattheUniversityofOxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan"fbodmiles^^wouldbe

moreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionof

foodmiles,theper-centagewoulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe

4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.

Moreover,thestudytheorizesthatevenifallfoodwasproducedinthecountrieswhereit

isconsumed,thereductioninemissionswouldonlybe1.7percentoverall.Thisisduetothe

factthatalargerproportionoffoodwouldbetransportedbyroadratherthanbysea,with

trucksproducinghigheremissionspertonofcargothanships.

“So,overall,thebottomlineisstillthatwhatyoueathasamuchbiggerimpacton

emissionsthanthedistancethatfoodhastotraveltoreachyou,^^saidRitchie.

8.Whathastherecentstudyfound?

A.Foodproductionhascausedalotofcarbonemissions.

B.Carbonemissionsfromfoodmilesareincreasingrapidly.

C.Carbonemissionreductionlargelydependsoneatinglocally.

D.Globalfoodmilesleadtomorecarbonemissionsthanexpected.

9.Whydoestheauthormention“beefand“apples“inparagraph.2?

A.Toexplainthebenefitsofapples

B.Tohighlightfoodproduction'seffect

C.Tocomparebeefandappleproduction

D.Toadvocateshort-distancetransportation

10.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontofood-relatedcarbonfootprints?

A.Supplyinghigh-caloryfoods

B.Upgradingfooddeliverysystems

C.Reducingmeatanddairyconsumption

D.Avoidingchemicalpesticidesforplants

11.WhatistheRitchie5sattitudetowardtherecentstudyfinding?

A.Unfavourable.B.Supportive.C.Tolerant.D.Uncertain.

Traditionally,manydecisionsaboutmedicaltreatmentwereleftuptodoctors:They

decided,andpatientsagreed.Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracingtheideaof

shareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.Health

careprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthecenterofcare,informingthem

abouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengage

patientsbyasking,"What'simportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswe

talkaboutatreatmentplan?”

“Ithinkthere?sastrongrecognitioninAmericanmedicine,oftheimportanceofpatient

engagementnotonlyintheircare,butindecidingwhattypesofcareandtypesofprocedures

they'regoingtoget,“saidDr.Allen,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofColorado

SchoolofMedicineinAurora.

A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityand

Outcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowentthrough-shareddecision-making

hadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobediencetomedicationandlowerratesof

試卷第4頁，共10頁

stayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.Patientsalsoreportedbetter

communicationwiththeirdoctors.Whenpeoplearemoreengagedindecision-making,they

understandtheprosandconsofvarioustreatmentoptions,andthey'remorelikelytostickto

thetreatmentplanandtocontinuethatcommunication.

Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferent,culturalgroupsislacking.Manydoctors

citelimitedtimeasabarrier,althoughresearchshowsthatshareddecision-makingcanbe

accomplishedevenwithinshortclinicvisits.Also,currentmodelsofpaymentfordoctors'

visitsdonotalwaysagreewiththegoalsofshareddecision-making.Butunderlyingallthatis

thatmedicaldecisionscanbe“incrediblycomplicated^^.

Makingthepracticework,onawiderscaleisanevolvingprocess.Butinthelongrun,

Allensaid:"shareddecision-makingcanensurethatwithalltheamazingnewtechnologies

andtreatmentsthatwewillhaveinmedicine,theyreallycanbeappliedtomorepatientsina

tailored,meaningfulwaythatmeetstheirownvalues,goalsandpreferences.^^

12.Whatroledodoctorsplayinshareddecision-making?

A.Theyareatthecenterofcare.B.Theyaskquestionstopatients:

C.Theyfollowpatients'opinions.D.Theypresentsuggestionstopatients.

13.Whichcanbeabenefittopatientsfromshareddecision-making?

A.ShortenedtimeinhospitalB.Improvedhealthyawareness

C.ReducedmentalproblemsD.Enhancedcommunicationskills

14.Whatisthebiggestchallengetoshareddecision-making?

A.Lackoffamilysupport

B.Limitedtimeandmoney

C.Uniquenessofmedicaltreatment

D.Complicatedmedicineproductionprocess

15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SharedDecisionMaking:MorethanTechnology?

B.SharedDecisionMaking:anIdealWayforPatients

C.SharedDecisionMaking:aFutureModelofHospitals?

D.SharedDecisionMaking:AdvantagesandDisadvantages

YouralarmgoesoffonJanuary1.Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeet

towardthebathroom,whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.16.

Afteramoment,however,youthink,"Wait,ifsokaybecausetodayisNewYear'sDay;

there?stimetogetbackinshape!”

Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodofoverindulgence

（放縱）indiet.17.Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthy

humanbeing.However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbefore

February.Howdoesthathappen?18.Whilewemayhavegoodintentionswhen

makingresolutions,wearenotactuallymakingenoughdeterminationtoliveinamore

controlledway.Changeinvolvesadegreeofstress,andsomeonenotmentallyequippedto

handlethatstresswillstruggletochange.

So,whatcanyoudotoachieveyourhealthygoalsinthenewyear?Oneideaistothink

smallratherthantheopposite.19.Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmaller

steps,whichallowsforgreatersuccess.Anotherhelpfulstrategyistodesignapersonal

rewardsystem.Finally,setconcretegoals.Insteadofmakingavagueresolutionlike'Tm

goingtogetinbettershapethisyear”,makeaspecificone.Forexample,6Tmgoingtorun

for30minuteseveryday“wouldbefarmorepowerful.Mostimportantly,rememberthat

despitetheirname,NewYear'sresolutionsshouldbeforlife.20,butwithsuitable

strategies,thereisnoreasonwhyyoucannotsticktoyourresolutionspermanentlyoratleast

untilMarch.

A.Changetakestimeandeffort

B.Instinctively,youstepbackinhorror

C.It'sprobablyrelatedtoself-discipline

D.Manypeople'splansinvolvegrandmeasures

E.Theanswerislikelythatweshouldbeconfident

F.NewYearisagreattimetobewithfamilyandfriends

G.InDecemberit'softenjustifiedbyplanningNewYear'sresolutions

二、完形填空

Forthepastyears,83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenacheerypresenceinhis

neighborhood.Since2010,Merritthasbeentryingtoachievethemissionto21the

circumference（周長）oftheEarth-24,901miles-withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood.

22Merrittgottoknowmanyofhisneighbors.UpuntilOctober24,（2021）,henever

試卷第6頁，共10頁

realizedthathisdailybicycletripswereas23tothemastheyweretohim.At3p.

m.,nearly200peopleappearedtocongratulateMerrittontheendingofhis"round-the-worldn

24andalargetrophy（杯）wasplacedinhisarms.

Alstartedcyclingaround11yearsago.Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,

then10to12miles,and25thelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,he

begantothink26thecircumferenceoftheEarth.Bytheendof2020,hehad27

21,565milesintotal.

Therewasno28ofthegoalplanneduntiltwopassers-by,NatalieLondonand

TaylorPiecity,camealong.TheywerevisitingLondon'smomwhenMerritt29by

onhisbikequickly.Thenattractedbyhis30anddiscoveringMerrittwasjust

weeksawayfromcompletinghisgoal,theyaskediftheycould31ashort

documentary.

"HerepresentshowanindividuaFssmall32canchangeanentirecommunity,

"saidLondon.TocelebratethecompletionofMerritt'scyclinggoal,theysecretlyprintedup

postersandplacedthemondoorwaysforseveral33.Buteventheyweresurprised

atthehugecrowdthat34.ActuallyMerritthasnoplanstochangetheroutinethat

hasbecomethe35ofhisdailylife.

21.A.measureB.guessC.surveyD.cycle

22.A.InawordB.AsaresultC.OnthecontraryD.Afterall

23.A.time-consumingB.meaningfulC.usual

D.demanding

24.A.adventureB.expectationC.subjectD.phenomenon

25.A.unexpectedlyB.immediatelyC.hopefullyD.gradually

26.A.againB.twiceC.bigD.deep

27.A.obtainedB.dominatedC.coveredD.revolved

28.A.celebrationB.delayC.excuseD.admission

29.A.droveB.flewC.stoodD.slid

30.A.speedB.bikeC.routeD.story

31.A.castB.pictureC.filmD.advertise

32.A.deedsB.destiniesC.reactionsD.recreations

33.A.citiesB.landscapesC.housesD.blocks

34.A.gatheredB.calledC.withdrewD.returned

35.A.qualityB.burdenC.highlightD.impression

三、語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Adrift(漂流)inaSeaofGreen

Livingintheforestofsteel-and-cementstructures,urbanitesareimpatienttoembrace

natureonweekends.Anaturalforestin36peopleinSichuanprovincetendtospend

leisuretimeistheSouthernSichuanBambooSeainYibin.The120-square-kilometer

BambooSeaisthe37(large)primitivebambooparkinChina.

TheBambooSea38(recognize)asoneofthecountry's10mostbeautiful

forestshasservedasapopulartouristattractionsincescenesfromtheOscar-winning

CrouchingTigerHiddenDragon39(shoot)there.Thebambooforestgotanecotour

ratingwhenitwaslistedas40world-classbambooreserveinDecember2003,the

fourthtourismdestinationinChinatogettheGreenGlobe21certification,allowingitself

41(admire)bymorepeoplearoundChinaandworldwide.

LocatedinAustralia,GreenGlobesetstheglobalbenchmark(基準(zhǔn))forcertificationof

environmentallyfriendlytourismsites.42(reflect)theprinciplesforsustainable

developmentandbasedonAgenda21,thecertificationwasapprovedby43

(represent)of182countriesandregionsfromaroundtheworldduringtheUnitedNationsRio

deJaneiroEarthSummitin1992.

Amazed44itsvastexpanse,HuangTingjian,apoetfromtheSongDynasty

(960-1279),describeditas"bamboowaves”.AsHuangwasan45(influence)man

ofletters,hisdescriptiongaverisetotheforest'spopularnickname-theBambooSea.

四、書信寫作

46.假定你是李華，是所在學(xué)校英語廣播站(TheEnglishBroadcastingStation)負(fù)責(zé)人。

請為廣播站撰寫一份招募新播音員的啟事，內(nèi)容包括：

1.廣播站主要特色簡介；

2.申請方式和截止時(shí)間。

注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；

試卷第8頁，共10頁

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

BroadcastersWanted

五、書面表達(dá)

47.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

InahousefarfromthecitylivedJohnandhismother.John'sonlyhobbywaswandering

inthenearbypicturesqueforest.Initscenterwasashinyclearlakewithschoolsoffish

dancinginit.Fascinatedbythebeautyandlivelinessofnature,hedesiredtobecomeagreat

artistandpresentallthebreathtakingscenestotheworld.

Johnstudiedinthelocalprimaryschool.LifewasnoteasyforJohnandhismomafter

hisfatherdied.Knowingwhathardworkhismotherdidtomakeendsmeet,John,really

didn'twanthismothertoworry.Hismotherknewthesignificanceofeducationinlifebutshe

wasagainsthisdreamofbecominganartist.atTheprofessionofartistcan'taidapersonin

meetinghisdailyexpenses,shewouldsay.Butaseachdaypassed,John'sdream:became

morepassionate.

Duetothelivingcircumstances,evenbuyingsomenewcolorswouldbealuxury.John

onlyusedtheworndrawingfileandlimitedcolorsforhisdailypractice.Henevergaveup

drawing.Hespentasignificantamountoftimestayingin-theforest,secretlyperfectinghis

craft.Withcontinuoushardworkandadistinctgiftforart,hedrewbeautifully.

OnedayJohnreadaboutacompetitionbeingheldinthetown,whosedeadlinewasonly

twodaysaway.Hegottheperfectopportunitytofulfillhisdesirebuthewasinadilemmaas

forthecompetitionheneededspecialpaintsandsomebrushes.Hedidn'thavethecourageto

askhismotherformoneyasheknewherprejudiceagainstart.

Thateveninghismomreturnedfromworkandhandedhimafewpapernotes,saying,

“Thisisforyourlunchatschoolnextfourdays."Heworkedupthecouragehopingtoaskhis

motherifshecouldgivehimsomemoremoneysothathecouldparticipateinthe

competition,butfinally,consideringthefamily'sfinancialdifficulties,heswallowedthe

words.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Lookingatthenotesonthedeskthenextday,Johnwaslostinthought.

AttheawardceremonyJohnwasabouttospeakwhenhesawhismother.

試卷第10頁，共10頁

參考答案:

1.D2.B3.C

【導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了植物學(xué)專家喬納森?德羅里的相關(guān)信息。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"JonathanDrori'sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhen

growingupinsouthwestLondon.（喬納森?德羅里對植物的興趣可以追溯到他在倫敦西南部長

大的時(shí)候。）”可知，喬納森?德羅里對植物學(xué)的興趣主要來自他的童年。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hisnewbookexplainsthehistoricalandculturalsignificance

ofdifferentplantspecies.（他的新書解釋了不同植物物種的歷史和文化意義。）”可知，喬納

森,德羅里的新書與植物物種和文明有關(guān)。因此B項(xiàng)“HowPlantsRelatetoCivilization（植物與

文明的關(guān)系）”最有可能是他的書的書名。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"However,ithasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsthanksto

beinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficialacids.（然而，由于其營養(yǎng)豐富和有益酸的

良好來源，近年來它越來越受歡迎。）”可知，覺菜越來越受歡迎得益于它的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值。故選

Co

4.C5.B6.A7.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是作者在中國的情景以及對中國文化的理解，說明

了中美文化的差異以及中國文化的博大精深。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段""You'realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend.^^she

said.（“你總是在吵架，即使是和你最好的朋友。"她說）”可知，作者給中國朋友的印象是他經(jīng)

常和別人爭論。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Eachlanguagepossessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowits

speakersstructuresentencesandunderstandwords.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmere

vocabulary;itspreadstothesystemofexpression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhow

skilledonebecomesatcommunicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey'veread,theycannot

guaranteethatthelistenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.（每種語言都有其內(nèi)在的邏輯，影響著說這

種語言的人如何組織句子和理解單詞。這種獨(dú)特性不僅僅局限于詞匯；它傳播到表達(dá)系統(tǒng)，

形成思想和觀念。不管一個(gè)人的溝通技巧有多熟練，或者他們讀過多少字典，他們都不能保

答案第1頁，共11頁

證聽者能正確地理解他們的意思）”可知，在文章第二段作者指出不管一個(gè)人的溝通技巧有多

熟練，或者他們讀過多少字典，他們都不能保證聽者能正確地理解他們的意思。由此推知，

在第二段中作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是語言顯著的復(fù)雜性。故選B項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,Tmevenmore

confusedthanIwasthen...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,

andIsuspectthatwillalwaysbetrue.（我可以自信地說，經(jīng)歷了這么久，我比當(dāng)時(shí)更困惑了...

我學(xué)到的關(guān)于中國文化的概念和想法是無窮無盡的，我懷疑這將永遠(yuǎn)是正確的）”可知，深厚

的中國文化讓作者感到更困惑。故選A項(xiàng)。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Iwillembracecross-culturalconfusionandpersistin

understandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersandneighbors,becausethatknowledge

bearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.（我將接受跨文化的困惑，堅(jiān)持理解我的中

國朋友、家人、同事和鄰居，因?yàn)檫@些知識會帶來智慧和快樂。我的生活因此變得更好了）”

可推知，作者決定將接受中國的現(xiàn)狀。故選A項(xiàng)。

8.D9.B10.C11.A

【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇說明文，文章主要探討了食品運(yùn)輸下的碳排放。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,arecentstudypublishedinNatureFoodindicates

thatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentoffood-relatedemissions,a

significantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations4然而，最近發(fā)表在《自然食品》雜志

上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，全球食物里程可能占食品相關(guān)排放的20%,這一比例比之前的估計(jì)要

高得）”可知，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)全球食物里程導(dǎo)致的碳排放比預(yù)期的要多。故選D。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproduction

toconsumption,withpreviousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretiny

comparedtotheemissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingone

kilogramofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgper

kilogram..（食物里程代表食物從生產(chǎn)到消費(fèi)的距離，之前的研究表明，與食物生長過程中產(chǎn)

生的排放量相比，這些里程的排放量很小。例如，生產(chǎn)一公斤牛肉會產(chǎn)生近99kg的二氧化

碳，而一公斤蘋果只產(chǎn)生0.4千克。）”可知，第二段通過對比生產(chǎn)一千克牛肉與生產(chǎn)一千克

蘋果產(chǎn)生的碳排放量，旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)食物生產(chǎn)對碳排放的影響。故選B。

答案第2頁，共11頁

10.細(xì)節(jié)理角軍題。木艮據(jù)第二段中的"Therefbre,reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobea

moreeffectivestrategy.（因止匕，減少肉類和奶制品的攝入量可能是一種更有效的策略）”可知，

減少與食物有關(guān)的碳足跡的一個(gè)潛在解決方法是減少肉類和奶制品的攝入量。故選C。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thereasonwhythereportedproportionishigheristhatthe

calculationincludesalltransportinvolved,includingthetransportationoffertilizers,farm

equipment,andpesticides（殺蟲齊！J）.HannahRitchie,aresearcherattheUniversityofOxford,

suggeststhatatermotherthan'foodmiles5wouldbemoreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.If

thestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionoffoodmiles,theper-centagewoulddropto9

percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.（報(bào)告的比

例之所以較高，是因?yàn)橛?jì)算中包括了所有涉及的運(yùn)輸，包括化肥、農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備和殺蟲劑的運(yùn)輸。

牛津大學(xué)的研究員HannahRitchie建議，為了避免混淆，使用一個(gè)比‘食物里程’更合適的術(shù)

語。如果這項(xiàng)研究遵循食物里程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義，這一比例將降至9%,這與之前研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的

4%至6%更為接近）”可知，Ritchie認(rèn)為最新的研究擴(kuò)大了“食物里程”的概念范圍，故推測他

不贊成該研究，故選A。

12.D13.A14.C15.C

【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了醫(yī)患共同決策及其好處，也指出它面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Healthcareprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthe

centerofcare,informingthemabouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.For

example,theyengagepatientsbyasking,"Whafsimportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourpriorities

andgoalsaswetalkaboutatreatmentplan?’（衛(wèi)生保健專業(yè)人員現(xiàn)在的重點(diǎn)是把病人放在護(hù)理

的中心，告訴病人他們的選擇，并讓他們參與治療決策。例如，他們會問病人：’對你來說

什么是重要的？我們談?wù)撝委煼桨笗r(shí)你的首要任務(wù)和目標(biāo)是什么？’）”可知，醫(yī)生在共同決

策中向病人提出建議，故選D。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:

CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowent

through-shareddecision-makinghadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobedienceto

medicationandlowerratesofstayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.（2017年發(fā)表在

《循環(huán)：心血管質(zhì)量與結(jié)果》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)歷了共同決策的心臟病患者有更好

答案第3頁，共11頁

的身心健康，更好地服從藥物治療，住院和急診室使用率更低）”可知，參與共同決策對病人

的好處是縮短住院時(shí)間，故選A。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferentculturalgroupsis

lacking」但是，關(guān)于如何最好地接近不同文化群體的研究還很缺乏）”可知，共同決策最大的

挑戰(zhàn)是關(guān)于如何最好地接近不同文化群體的研究還很缺乏，即醫(yī)療的獨(dú)特性，故選C。

15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracing

theideaofshareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.（今

天，衛(wèi)生保健專業(yè)人員正在接受共同決策的想法，患者在他們的選擇中成為知情的伙伴）”可

知，文章主要介紹了共同決策及其好處，也指出它面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，C項(xiàng)“共享決策：醫(yī)院的未

來模式？”為最佳標(biāo)題，故選C。

16.B17.G18.C19.D20.A

【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們執(zhí)行新年計(jì)劃時(shí)遇到的問題，并就如何更好地執(zhí)行新

年計(jì)劃給出了建議。

16.

根據(jù)上文“You