高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點二十 史地人文類練習(xí)（含解析）-人教版高三英語試題

考點二十史地人文類A限時8分鐘TheNazcaLinesareaseriesoflargeancientgeoglyphs(地畫)intheNazcaDesert,insouthernPeru.Itisrangingfromgeometricpatternstodrawingsofdifferentanimalsandstylizedhuman-likeforms.Theancientlinescanonlybetrulytakeninfromhighintheair,leavinggenerationspuzzledastohowthesepreciseworkscouldhavebeencompletedlongbeforethedocumentedinventionofhumanflight.TheLineswerefirstspottedwhencommercialairlinesbeganflyingacrossthePeruviandesertinthe1920s.Whobuiltthemandwhatwastheirpurpose?Aretheyroads,starpointers,maybeevenagiganticmap?Ifthepeoplewholivedhere2,000yearsagohadonlyasimpletechnology,howdidtheymanagetoconstructsuchprecisefigures?Didtheyhaveaplan?Thesemarkingsarelikeavastpuzzle.TheNazcaLinesarethemostoutstandinggroupofgeoglyphsintheworld.TherearealsohugegeoglyphsinEgypt,Malta,theUnitedStates(MississippiandCalifornia),Chile,Holiviaandinothercountries.ButtheNazcageoglyphs,becauseoftheirnumbers,characteristics,dimensionsandculturalcontinuityastheyweremadeandremadethroughoutacertainhistoryperiod,formthemostimpressivearcheological(考古學(xué)的)group.TheNazcaplainisuniqueforitsabilitytopreservethemarkingsuponit,duetothecombinationoftheclimate(oneofthedriestonEarth,withonlytwentyminutesofrainfallperyear)andtheflat,stonygroundwhichminimizestheeffectofthewindatgroundlevel.Withnodustorsandtocovertheplainandlittlerainorwindtoerode(腐蝕)it,linesdrawnheretendtostaydrawn.Thesefactors,combinedwiththeexistenceoflighter-coloredsubsoilbeneaththedesertsurface,provideavastwritingpadthatissuitedtotheartistwhowantstoleavehismarketernal.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了出現(xiàn)在秘魯南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地畫theNazcaLines的神奇之處及形成原因。1．WhatcanweknowabouttheNazcaLinesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Theyarebuiltasabigmap.B．Theyareformedbynature.C．Theyareancientlinesincaves.D．Theyarehugemarkingsinadesert.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“TheNazcaLinesareaseriesoflargeancientgeoglyphs(地畫)intheNazcaDesert,insouthernPeru.”及下文對TheNazcaLines圖案和發(fā)現(xiàn)過程的具體介紹可知，theNazcaLines是出現(xiàn)在秘魯南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地畫，故選D。2．HowmanyfactorsmaketheNazcaLinesthemostimpressive?A．One. B．Two.C．Three. D．Four.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“becauseoftheirnumbers,characteristics,dimensionsandculturalcontinuity...,formthemostimpressive”可知，四個因素使得這些地畫給人留下極為深刻的印象，故選D。3．WhyaretheNazcaLineswellpreserved?A．Becauseofthewindatgroundlevel.B．Becauseoftheexistenceofsoftsoil.C．Becauseoftheclimateandgeography.D．Becauseofthethicksandonthetop.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheNazcaplainisuniqueforitsabilitytopreservethemarkingsuponit,duetothecombinationoftheclimate(oneofthedriestonEarth,withonlytwentyminutesofrainfallperyear)andtheflat,stonygroundwhichminimizestheeffectofthewindatgroundlevel.”可知，因為這里干燥少雨的氣候和平坦多石的地形使地畫能很好地保留下來，故選C。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eternal”probablymean?A．Non-stop. B．Everlasting.C．Real-life. D．High-end.答案：B詞義猜測題。最后一句指這些因素，加上沙漠表面下淺色底土的存在，給想要永久留下印記的藝術(shù)家提供了一個巨大的書寫板。eternal“永恒的”，和everlasting同義，故選B。B限時8分鐘LebanesefilmmakerNadineLabakihasbecomethefirstfemaleartistintheArabworldtobenominated(提名)foranAcademyAward,orOscar.LabakidirectedthefilmCapernaum,afilmaboutaSyrianrefugee(難民)boyandaKenyanbabywholivewithoutparentsonthestreetsofBeirut.Itwasnominatedforbestforeignlanguagefilm.LabakiwillbeoneofthefewfemaledirectorstocompeteforanOscarthisyear.ShetoldTheAssociatedPress“Iwishtherewerealotmorewomenfilmmakersthisyearrepresented，nominatedintheOscars.ButIamsureinafewyearswewon'tbehavingthisproblemanymore.”UnlikeintheWest,womenfilmmakersareindustryleadersinLebanon.Capernaumreceiveda15-minutestandingovation(熱烈歡迎)atthisyear'sCannesFilmFestival.ItwontheJuryPrize—thethird-highestawardgivenatCannes.TheUnitedNationshaspubliclypraisedthefilm.Lebanon'sForeignMinistersaidCapernaumputaLebanesetouchontheinternationalfilmindustry.TheOscarnominationofCapernaumisthesecondforLebanonintwoyearsinthefilmgroup.Itdemonstratesthecountry'srisingstarpower.Labakicalledmakingthemoviealife-changingexperience.ShesaidCapernaumhelpshumanizetherealstrugglesofrefugeesonlybrieflytalkedaboutinthenews.“Wecan'thelpbutacknowledgethatthereisafearofrefugeesingeneralaroundtheworldandtherearethesewallswearebuilding,andthisfearkeepsgrowing，”Labakisaid.CapernaumwillcompeteagainstfourotherfilmsfortheOscar,includingawardsseasonfavoriteRoma.DirectedbyMexico'sAlfonsoCuaron,itearned10Oscarnominations,includingforbestpicture.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了黎巴嫩女導(dǎo)演NadineLabaki及其導(dǎo)演的電影Capernaum的相關(guān)情況。5．WheredoesLabakicomefrom?A．Syria. B．Kenya. C．Lebanon. D．Mexico.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lebanesefilmmaker”可知，NadineLabaki是黎巴嫩人，故答案為C。6．WhatdoweknowfromLabaki'swordsinParagraph3?A．FewwomendirectorshavebeennominatedintheOscars.B．ShewasthefirstfemaleartisttocompeteforanOscar.C．MorewomendirectorswillenterforOscarthisyear.D．Femaledirectorshaveproblemswiththeirfilms.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)Labaki的話可知，她希望今年能有更多的女導(dǎo)演被提名奧斯卡獎，并希望今后不再有類似問題。由此可以推斷近幾年沒有幾位女性導(dǎo)演被提名奧斯卡獎，故答案為A。7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCapernaum?A．Itisthebestforeignlanguagefilm.B．Itshowstherisingpowerofwomen.C．IthaswonthefirstprizeatCannes.D．Itishighlythoughtof.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第五、六、七段可知，Capernaum這部電影獲得了來自各方面的贊美。由此可知，這部電影獲得了很高的評價，故答案為D。8．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Capernaum. B．TheOscar.C．Roma. D．Bestpicture.答案：C指代判斷題。上句的最后提到了非常受歡迎的電影Roma,然后本句就談到這部電影是由誰導(dǎo)演，并獲得十項提名。由此可知，此處it指代電影Roma，故答案為C。C限時7分鐘BlackFridayistheFridayfollowingThanksgivingDayintheUnitedStates.Ithasbeenregardedasthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseason.Althoughit'snotanofficialholiday,millionsofemployersgivetheiremployeesthedayoff,andmanypeopleusethatdaytogetajump-startontheirholidayshopping.AsimilardayinCanadaandtheGreatBritainiscalled“BoxingDay”．BlackFridayhasbecomesomewhatofamarketingsensationinrecentyears.Since2005,ithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyear.Tolureshoppers,retailers(零售商)routinelyopentheirdoorsasearlyas4amandofferspecialsalesandpromotionstotheshoppersthatarriveearly.Someofthespecialdealsofferedbystoresareonlyavailableinlimitedquantities.Thatiswhysomeshoppersintentongettingthebestdealsoftencampoutinfrontofstoresovernightsothatthey'llbethefirstinlinewhenthedoorsopen.ButwhyBlackFriday?HistoriansbelievethenamestartedinPhiladelphiainthemid-1960s.Busdriversandpoliceused“BlackFriday”todescribetheheavytrafficthatwouldblockcitystreetsthedayafterThanksgivingasshoppersheadedtothestores.Businesses,however,didn'tlikethenegativetoneassociatedwiththe“BlackFriday”name.Intheearly1980s,amorepositiveexplanationofthenamebegantocirculate.Accordingtothisalternativeexplanation,BlackFridayisthedaywhenretailersfinallybegintoturnaprofitfortheyear.Inaccountingterms(會計說法),operatingatalossiscalledbeing“inthered”becauseaccountantstraditionallyusedredinktoshownegativeamounts.Positiveamountswereusuallyshowninblackink.Thus，being“intheblack”isagoodthingbecauseitmeansstoresareoperatingataprofit.Recently,forthosewhoaretoobusytoshoponBlackFridayorwhojustdon'twanttofightthecrowds,theMondayfollowingBlackFridayhasbecomeknownasCyberMonday(網(wǎng)絡(luò)星期一)forthemanyonlinedeals.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“黑色星期五”相關(guān)的信息和名字的由來，讓我們了解了西方文化的特定歷史知識和文化習(xí)俗等。9．OnBlackFriday,theAmericans________.A．don'thavetogotoworkasusualB．lookexactlyliketheCanadiansC．a(chǎn)reusuallybusydoingshoppingD．stayathomeandrelaxthemselves答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句可知，雖然“黑色星期五”不是官方節(jié)日，但許多老板會給員工放假，人們通常在這一天忙著購物。10．Theunderlinedword“l(fā)ure”(inParagraph2)probablymeans“________”．A．protect B．a(chǎn)ttractC．persuade D．remind答案：B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子“retailers(零售商)routinelyopentheirdoorsasearlyas4amandofferspecialsalesandpromotionstotheshoppersthatarriveearly(零售商早上4點就開門，給早到的顧客一些特價打折和促銷)”，故可推知，lure是“吸引”的意思。11．HowdotheretailersunderstandBlackFriday?A．ItistotallydifferentfromBoxingDay.B．Theyusuallylosesomemoneyonthatday.C．Itneverkeepsthemverybusy.D．Itprobablybringsthemmoremoney.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句可知，零售商認(rèn)為“黑色星期五”可以帶給他們更多的利潤。12．Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto________.A．statethedevelopmentofCyberMondayB．tellthedifferencebetweenredandblackC．introduceBlackFridaytothereadersD．explainthemeaningofBoxingDay答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對這個特殊“節(jié)日”的介紹和關(guān)鍵信息第一段第一句“BlackFridayistheFridayfollowingThanksgivingDayintheUnitedStates.”可知，文章主要向讀者介紹“黑色星期五”的相關(guān)信息。D限時7分鐘YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.Thereasongoesbacktotheyear1066,whenNormanforcesinvaded(入侵)whatisnowBritain.TheNormanswerefromnorthernFranceandspokeFrench.DuringtheNormanoccupation,FrenchbecamethelanguageofEngland'srulersandwealthyclass.Thislastedformorethan300years.OtherpeopleinEnglandcontinuedtospeakEnglishduringthisperiod.Overtime,thetwolanguagescombinedandsharedwords.Someresearchersbelievethatabout10,000FrenchwordseventuallyenteredtheEnglishlanguage.However,althoughEnglishtookmanyFrenchwords,theirmeaningshavenotalwaysstayedthesame.Sometimesthedifferencesinmeaningscanbeveryimportant,andleadtofunnyorstrangesituationsifthewordsareusedinthewrongway.Take,forexample,theFrenchwordcollege.InEnglish,collegecanoftenbeusedinplaceoftheworduniversity,orsometimesasaschoolwithinauniversity.However,inFrench,collegeactuallymeans“middleschool”，orthelevelofschoolingforstudentsingradesfiveorsixthrougheight.Therearemanyothersimilarwordsinthetwolanguageswithcompletelydifferentmeanings.InEnglish,thewordchatisaverbwhichmeans“totalkcasually”；butinFrench,thewordchatisthewordforananimal:acat.IfanEnglishspeakersayssomeoneisjolly,thatmeanstheyarecheerfulorfriendly.ButinFrench,joliemeanssomeoneisgood-lookingorpleasanttolookat.Inanycase,botharenicethingstosaytosomeone.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了英語中存在大量法語詞匯的現(xiàn)象，并舉例說明英語中的法語單詞及其在法語中的不同含義。13．WhatlanguagedidtheupperclassspeakinBritainofNormantimes?A．English.B．French.C．BothEnglishandFrench.D．Someunknownlanguage.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“DuringtheNormanoccupation,FrenchbecamethelanguageofEngland'srulersandwealthyclass.”可知，諾曼時代英國的上層階級說法語。故選B。14．WhatdoescollegemeaninFrench?A．Theteenagertime.B．UniversityinFrench.C．MiddleschoolinEnglish.D．Universityincommonsense.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,inFrench,collegeactuallymeans‘middleschool’”可知，“college”在法語里的意思是“中學(xué)”。故選C。15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Comparisonbetweentwolanguages.B．DifficultyingraspingEnglish.C．FrenchwordsinEnglish.D．DevelopmentofEnglish.答案：C主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.”和第二段第一句“Overtime,thetwolanguagescombinedandsharedwords.Someresearchersbelievethatabout10,000FrenchwordseventuallyenteredtheEnglishlanguage.”可知，本文講述的是“英語中的法語單詞”。故選C。A限時10分鐘(2018·浙江高考)Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(裝配線)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(過度的)energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了汽車對美國文化的造就及產(chǎn)生的影響。1．WhyishamburgermentionedinParagraph2?A．ToexplainAmericans'lovefortravellingbycar.B．ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C．TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D．TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica'sroadsystem.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.”(汽車塑造了美國文化中一些最持久的層面：路邊小餐館、廣告牌、汽車旅館，甚至是漢堡。)可知，該段提及漢堡是為了顯示汽車對美國文化的影響。故選B。2．WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A．Declineofeconomy.B．Environmentalproblems.C．Ashortageofoilsupply.D．Afarm-basedsociety.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可推知，美國汽車的使用導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境問題。故選B。3．WhatisFriedman'sattitudetowardsAmerica'sfuture?A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.答案：C觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，F(xiàn)riedman認(rèn)為在新世紀(jì)能夠設(shè)計、構(gòu)建和輸出生產(chǎn)清潔水、潔凈空氣以及健康和充足食品的綠色技術(shù)將成為新世紀(jì)的硬通貨。同時結(jié)合第五段最后一句中的“hopesforthebest”可知，F(xiàn)riedman對美國的未來充滿希望。故選C。B限時10分鐘(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Tourismisnowthechiefindustryof篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了加拿大城市道森市的發(fā)展原因、過程與現(xiàn)狀。4．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A．Itsbusinessculture.B．Itssmallpopulation.C．Itsgeographicalposition.D．Itsfavourableclimate.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一、二句，并結(jié)合關(guān)鍵信息第三句“NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.”可知，紐約吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正確。5．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.”可知，在最初挖黃金的兩萬人中有4,000人變富有，所以是五分之一的人變富了，故B正確。6．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第四句中的“...andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome”可知，人們離開Dawson的主要原因是聽說在Alaska發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金，也就是他們要去別的地方尋找發(fā)財?shù)臋C(jī)會。故B正確。7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.答案：A主旨大意題。第一段簡要介紹城市發(fā)展的原因，引出Dawson這一城市的興起，第二段介紹了該城市興起的原因，第三段介紹人們選擇離開該城市的原因及該城市現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以全文敘說了Dawson這個城市的興衰。故A正確。C限時10分鐘(2020·廣東省實驗中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次考試)TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)needstoproveitsworththroughrigorousclinicaltrials,accordingtotheheadofoneofChina'slargestherbalremedycompanies,asacontentiousnewlawtoboostthe$40bnsectorcomesintoeffect.TraditionalChineseMedicineisestimatedbyanalyststoaccountforathirdofsalesinChina's$117bnpharmaceutical(藥學(xué))market,theworld'ssecondlargest.Butmostofthosesalesareofrelativelycheapover-the-counterdrugs,withmanyChinesehospitaldoctorsunwillingtoprescribeTCMremediesbecauseofthelackofevidencefortheireffectiveness.China'sfirstlawpromisingequalstatusforTCMandwesternmedicineinthecountry'sstate-dominatedhealthcaresystemcomesintoeffectthisweekend.ProvisionsincludeencouragementforhospitalstosetupTCMcentres,andalicensingsystemforpractitioners(從業(yè)者).“ThislawisveryimportantforsecuringthestatusofTCM，”saidWuYiling,chairmanofYilingPharmaceutical,acompanythatmakesherbalremediesbasedontraditionalrecipesinthenorthernprovinceofHebei.ListedinShenzhen,WuYilinghasamarketcapitalizationofRMB20.7bn($3bn).MrWu,thesonofaherbalpractitioner,controlsafamilyfortuneof$1.6bn,accordingtotheHurunRichList.MrWuisbothasupporterofthenatureofQi—themysticalenergyforcethatprovidesthebasisformuchofTCMtheory—andtheclinicaltrialsvitaltowesternpharmaceuticalcompanies.“TCMneedstodevelopusingmodernresearchmethods，”hesaid.Forinstance,researchersfromPekingandCardiffUniversitiestestedthehealthbenefitsofYiling'sherbalmedicineYangzhengXiaoji,publishingpapersintheInternationalJournalofAnalystssaysuchtestscanhelpgainsupportfromdoubtfulhospitaldoctorsandboostprescriptions.“Doctorsneedstrongevidencethatdrugsdefinitelywork，”saidSerenaShao,healthcareanalystatbrokerageCLSA.“Someofthesecompaniesarecurrentlydoingclinicaltrials,andgettingproofthattheirdrugshavethesameefficacy(功效)aschemicaldrugs.That'sthewaytogo.”sheadded.TheTCMlawhasbeengreetedwithdoubtfromChina'swestern-schooledmedicalestablishment,whichpointstoalackofrigoroustrainingforTCMdoctors,andarecentseriesofshockingeventsinvolvingherbalinjectionsbelievedtohavebeenharmful.“OfficialswilltryandencourageTCM,butalsowillbeverycautiousaboutwhatkindsofTCMtheyuseinhospitals，”addedMsShao.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國最大草藥公司之一的負(fù)責(zé)人表示，隨著一項有爭議的新法律生效，傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)(TCM)需要通過嚴(yán)格的臨床試驗證明其價值。8．WhydoesTraditionalChineseMedicineneedtoproveitsworththroughrigorousclinicaltrials?A．BecauseChinesemedicineisallcheapover-the-counterdrugs.B．BecauseChinesemedicinemarketistheworld'ssecondlargestone.C．BecauseChinesegovernmentwantstoboostthelawofChinesemedicine.D．BecausedoctorsareunwillingtoprescribeTCMremedieslackingevidenceofeffectiveness.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butmostofthosesalesareofrelativelycheapover-the-counterdrugs,withmanyChinesehospitaldoctorsunwillingtoprescribeTCMremedies(療法)becauseofthelackofevidencefortheireffectiveness.”可知，醫(yī)生不愿意開出缺乏有效證據(jù)的中醫(yī)藥治療方法，所以中醫(yī)需要通過嚴(yán)格的臨床試驗證明其價值。故選D。9．Whichwordscanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“Provisions”inthethirdparagraph?A．Articlesoflaw.B．Waysofsupplying.C．Methodsofmotivation.D．Approachestoinspiring.答案：A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“includeencouragementforhospitalstosetupTCMcentres,andalicensingsystemforpractitioners(從業(yè)者)．”可知，鼓勵醫(yī)院建立TCM中心，以及為從業(yè)者提供許可證制度，這些屬于規(guī)定的具體內(nèi)容，因此畫線詞指的是“法律條款”。故選A。10．Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatMrWuYiling________.A．isaherbalpractitioner,controllingafamilyfortuneB．hasacompanyinShenzhenthathasamarketcapitalizationof$3bnC．lethiscompanyevaluateherbalmedicineswithwesternevidence-basedmethodsD．thinksthatifweneedtodevelopTCM,weshoulduseChinesetraditionalresearchmethods答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“ThetheoryandrecipeisTCM,butinpracticetheevaluationofourmedicinesiscarriedoutaccordingtowesternevidence-basedmethods，”可知，武夷嶺先生讓他的公司用西方循證方法評估草藥。故選C。11．Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,weinferthat________.A．westerndoctorsdenytheeffectivenessofTCMB．TCMhasn'tbeenrecognizedinthewesternmedicineC．thereisalackofrigoroustrainingforTCMdoctorsD．a(chǎn)recentseriesofshockingeventshasdestroyedChinesemedicine答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheTCMlawhasbeengreetedwithdoubtfromChina'swestern-schooledmedicalestablishment,whichpointstoalackofrigoroustrainingforTCMdoctors,andarecentseriesofshockingeventsinvolvingherbalinjectionsbelievedtohavebeenharmful.”可推知，中醫(yī)在西方醫(yī)學(xué)中尚未得到認(rèn)可。故選B。D限時7分鐘(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper；perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase“pennypaper”caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet”didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企業(yè))wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國報紙大眾化的發(fā)展過程。12．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A．Academic. B．Unattractive.C．Inexpensive. D．Confidential.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句可知，當(dāng)時的美國報紙既枯燥又在視覺上令人生畏，故選unattractive“不吸引人的”。13．Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A．Theywouldbepricedhigher.B．Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C．Theycouldhavemorereaders.D．Theycouldregainpublictrust.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和第三段可知，報紙當(dāng)時的變化趨勢是越來越面向大眾，變得更便宜，而且在街上就可以買到一份報紙，由此可推斷報紙的街頭銷售意味著“報紙可以擁有更多的讀者”，故選C項。14．Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?A．Localpoliticians. B．Commonpeople.C．Youngpublishers. D．Richbusinessmen.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，報紙發(fā)展的新趨勢的目標(biāo)讀者是普通人，故選B項。15．Whatcanwesay