北師大版高中英語選擇性必修第一冊UNIT2 Section Ⅱ Lesson2 Lesson3學(xué)案

SectionⅡLESSON2&LESSON3Ⅰ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配()1.influential A．vt.拒絕接受()2.production B．n.冠軍稱號，冠軍地位()3.minimum C．a(chǎn)dj.有影響力的()4.reject D．n.thequantityofgoodsthatisproduced()5.championship E．n.最少量；最小數(shù)；最低限度()6.publisher F．a(chǎn)dj.學(xué)術(shù)的()7.contract G．n.anofficialwrittenagreement()8.extreme H．n.出版商()9.academic I．n.強度；強烈()10.intensity J．n.thegreatestorhighestdegreeofsth.[答案]1—5CDEAB6—10HGJFIB．短語匹配()1.devote...to A．待在家里()2.boildowntosth. B．使與眾不同()3.stayin C．致力于()4.applyoneselftosth. D．歸結(jié)為；要點是()5.setsb./sth.apart E．努力；專心致志于某事[答案]1—5CDAEBⅡ.默寫單詞1．devotevt. 把……奉獻給；專心致力于2．motivatingadj. 起激勵作用的；激發(fā)(人)的3．limitvt.&n. 限制，限定4．convincevt. 使確信；使信服5．ruinvt. 糟蹋；毀壞6．skipvt. 不做(本來應(yīng)做的事)；蹦跳著走7．defensiveadj. 戒備的，自衛(wèi)的8．countlessadj. 無數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的9．hirevt. 租用10．enormousadj. 巨大的，龐大的11．lengthn. 長度12．injuredadj. 受傷的13．outstandingadj. 杰出的，優(yōu)秀的14．a(chǎn)verageadj. 平庸的，普通的；平均的n. 平均水平；平均數(shù)15．normaladj. 正常的，平常的Ⅰ.語境填詞limit；convinced；ruined；devote；minimum；normal；average；skipped；outstanding；hire1．Iwanttodevotemoretimetomyfamily.2．Thispriceishisminimum；herefusestoloweritanyfurther.3．Hemustlimitthenumberofcigaretteshesmokes.4．Robert'sexpressionhadobviouslyconvincedherofhisinnocence.5．Thestormruinedourwheat.6．Heskippedlightlyupthestairs.7．Noordinaryfamiliescanaffordtohireservants.8．Therewasnothingspecialaboutthemeal；itwasaverage．9．Shebracedherselftoleadanormallife.10．Herlatehusbandwasanoutstandingscientist.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Theoilcompanieshavelosttheirpoweroveroilpriceandoilproduction(produce)．2．Heisaveryinfluential(influence)maninthegovernment.3．Iftheirluckholds，theycouldstillwinthechampionship(champion)．4．It'snormally(normal)muchwarmerthanthisinJuly.5．He'swritingahistoryofthetownforalocalpublisher(publish)．6．Accomplishinggoalsisamajormotivating(motivate)factorforanyone.7．Theyaskedforacademic(academy)freedom.8．Theenemyhasstrengthenedtheirdefensive(defend)position.9．Ididn'trealizetheintensity(intense)ofpeople'sfeelingsonthisissue.10．I'vetoldyoucountless(count)times.11．Thelength(long)ofaparagraphdependsontheinformationitconveys.12．Severalpeoplewereseriouslyinjured(injure)．1．WhydoOlympicathletespushthemselvestothelimits?為什么奧林匹克運動員要將自己逼到極限呢?2．HewasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerofbeingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoonetoshareitwith.他擔(dān)心和我一起訓(xùn)練不再是一件愉悅的事情，擔(dān)心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。3．Itboilsdowntothis：Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.歸根結(jié)底，我天生就是個特別有干勁和意志力的人。4．Callitunhealthyifyouwant，butthatisthewayIroll，nomatterwhatitisI'mapplyingmyselfto.你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行，但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格，不管做什么我都會全力以赴。5．Doingwhatwedoasathletessetsusapartbecausewearewillingtodothatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.作為運動員，我們所做的事情是與眾不同的，因為我們愿意多做一點，這可能會讓我們達到頂峰。課文助讀①pushsb.tothelimit把某人推到極限②ruinfamilyholiday破壞家庭假日③skipnightout晚上不出去玩④giveup放棄⑤beworriedabout擔(dān)心⑥nolonger不再⑦indangerof處于……的危險⑧aworldchampionshipmedal世界冠軍獎牌⑨share...with和某人分享……⑩becomeangryordefensive變得憤怒或戒備?deepdown在內(nèi)心深處?elementn．基本部分；要素?workoutn．訓(xùn)練，鍛煉?mentalintensity精神上高度集中?pushthelimitandextreme挑戰(zhàn)極限?aprofessionalathlete一名職業(yè)運動員?onaday-to-daybasis每天?besoselfish這么自私?sacrificen．犧牲?countlessbirthdayparties無數(shù)的生日聚會?searchfor尋找?hireacar租車?indowntownJohannesburg在約翰內(nèi)斯堡市中心?drivethroughthe“no-go”areas開車穿過“禁入”區(qū)?doagroupride進行團體騎行?triathleten．鐵人三項運動員?boildowntosth.要點是；歸結(jié)為?anenormousamountofdrive大量的干勁?stayin待在家里?getaheadonclasswork在功課上領(lǐng)先?ratherthan而不是?onone'sown獨自?swim100lengthsofthepool游100個來回?arugbyclub橄欖球俱樂部?applyoneselftosth.使(自己)致力于；使(注意力等)專注于?benodifferent沒有什么不同?anOlympicchampion奧運冠軍?setsb.apartfrom...使某人從……中突顯出來?reachthewinner'splatform到達勝利者的平臺?hadbetter最好?betotallycommittedto完全致力于?inthewordsof用……的話來說?meangettinginjured意味著受傷?prefertodo...寧愿……?beaverage平庸?setsb.apart使某人與眾不同?bewillingtodo...愿意做……?abalancedway平衡的方式?normaladj.正常的，平常的?striveforgreatness追求偉大原文呈現(xiàn)GETTINGTOTHETOPWhydoOlympicathletespushthemselvestothelimits①？AsoneoftheOlympicathletes，Imissbirthdayparties，ruinfamilyholidays②andskipnightsout③，butthereisaverygoodreasonforgivingup④somuch.(1)“We'reworriedabout⑤you，”saidmyfriendfromacrossthetable.HewasworriedthatIhadnolonger⑥becomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerof⑦beingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedal⑧andnoonetoshareitwith⑨.(2)(1)but連接表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句。(2)and連接兩個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Icouldhavebecomeangryordefensive⑩.Don'ttheyknowhowharditistobeatthetopinsport(3)？Don'ttheyknowwhatittakestogetthere(4)？However，deepdown?Iknewelements?ofwhathewassayingwereright(5)．Iwasalwaystiredandeveryworkout?hadamentalintensity?thatseemedtoomuchformosttohandle.(6)Iwaspushingthelimitsandextremes?beyondwhatmostthoughtwerehealthy(7)．(3)how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(4)what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(5)該句為省略that的賓語從句，其中whathewassaying作介詞of的賓語。(6)and連接表示順承關(guān)系的并列句，第二個分句中that...tohandle為定語從句，修飾先行詞amentalintensity。(7)what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。ThesearethefearsIfaceasaprofessionalathlete?onaday-to-daybasis?(8)．WhoamIdoingthisfor？Howmuchistoomuch？WhyamIdoingthis？HowcanIbesoselfish?？Whatarethesacrifices?for?(8)該句為省略關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞fears。Ithinkofcountlessbirthdayparties?andnightsoutIhavemissed，ruiningafamilyholidayinFrancebecauseoftheendlesssearchfor?aswimmingpooltotrainin，almostmissingmybrother'sweddingbecauseIwastoobusyhiringacar?indowntownJohannesburg?anddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areas?inordertodoagroupride?withthelocaltriathletes?.(9)Thelistisendless.(9)Ihavemissed為定語從句，修飾先行詞birthdaypartiesandnightsout；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。Itboilsdownto?this：Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdrive?anddetermination.Fromasmallgirl，Iwouldstayin?atlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclasswork?ratherthan?gooutandplay；Iwouldgetthebusonmyown?attenyearsoldandgotoswim100lengthsofthepool?whileotherkidsplayedpoolgames(10)；Iwastheonlygirlinarugbyclub?of250boys.Ihavealwayslivedmylifetoextremes.Callitunhealthyifyouwant，butthatisthewayIroll，nomatterwhatitisI'mapplyingmyselfto?.(11)(10)while連接表示對比關(guān)系的并列句。(11)句中ifyouwant為條件狀語從句；Iroll為定語從句，修飾先行詞way；nomatterwhat引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Beingaprofessionalathleteisnodifferent?.IfyouwanttobeanOlympicchampion?，it'sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfrom?yourcompetitors.(12)(12)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；it's...that強調(diào)主語；youhavedoneinyourpreparation為定語從句，修飾先行詞thing。Canthisbeoverdone？Absolutely.Butifyourdreamistobethebestandreachthewinner'splatform?(13)，youhadbetter?betotallycommittedto?yoursport.Inthewordsof?theBritishtriathleteAlistairBrownlee，evenifitmeansgettinginjured?(14)，“I'dpreferto?havethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffratherthanhavetenyearsofbeingaverage?.”(13)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。(14)evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Doingwhatwedoasathletessetsusapart?becausewearewillingtodo?thatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.(15)Itiscertainlynotabalancedway?toliveanditiscertainlynotnormal?butthosewordsaregenerallynotusedforanyonewhoisstrivingforgreatness?(16)．(15)whatwedoasathletes為賓語從句；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，其中thatmighttakeustothetop為定語從句，修飾先行詞thatextralittlebit。(16)who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞anyone。譯文參考登上巔峰為什么奧林匹克運動員要將自己逼到極限呢？作為一名奧林匹克運動員，我錯過生日聚會，破壞家庭假日，晚上不出去玩，但有一個很好的理由放棄這么多?！拔覀兒軗?dān)心你，”坐在桌子對面的朋友說。他擔(dān)心和我一起訓(xùn)練不再是一件愉悅的事情，擔(dān)心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。我可能會變得憤怒或戒備。難道他們不知道要成為體育界的領(lǐng)軍人物有多難嗎？難道他們不知道達到這一目標(biāo)需要什么嗎？然而，在內(nèi)心深處，我知道他說的有些東西是對的。我總是很累，每次鍛煉都精神上高度集中，似乎對大多數(shù)人來說都難以承受。我在挑戰(zhàn)極限，超越了大多數(shù)人認為健康的極限。作為一名職業(yè)運動員，我每天都要面對這些恐懼。我這么做是為了誰？多少才算太多呢？我為何這么做？我怎么能這么自私？這些犧牲是為了什么？我想起我錯過的無數(shù)的生日聚會和深夜外出；毀掉了在法國的家庭假日，因為無休止地尋找一個訓(xùn)練的游泳池；幾乎錯過我哥哥的婚禮，因為我在約翰內(nèi)斯堡市中心忙著租車，且開車穿過“禁入”區(qū)以便和當(dāng)?shù)氐蔫F人三項運動員一起進行團體騎行。這樣的例子不勝枚舉。歸根結(jié)底，我天生就是個特別有干勁和意志力的人。從小女孩時起，我就常常在午飯時間待在家里，只是為了在功課上領(lǐng)先，而不是出去玩；我在十歲的時候會自己坐公交車，去游泳池游100個來回，而其他的孩子在泳池玩游戲；在一個有250名男生的橄欖球俱樂部里，我是唯一的女生。生活中我一向把事情做到極致。你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行，但這就是我的做事風(fēng)格，不管做什么我都會全力以赴。成為一名職業(yè)運動員沒有什么不同。如果你想成為奧運冠軍，就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點，它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。這樣會不會太過了？絕對的。但如果你的夢想是成為最好的，并到達勝利者的平臺，你最好是完全致力于你的運動。用英國鐵人三項運動員阿利斯特爾·布朗利的話來說，即使意味著受傷，“我寧愿有三到四年出色的獲勝經(jīng)歷，也不愿有十年平庸的經(jīng)歷?！弊鳛檫\動員，我們所做的事情是與眾不同的，因為我們愿意多做一點，這可能會讓我們達到頂峰。這當(dāng)然不是一種平衡的生活方式，當(dāng)然也不正常，但這些話一般不用于任何一個追求偉大的人。速讀課文，完成下列任務(wù)Ⅰ.閱讀判斷判斷以下句子提供的信息是正確(T)，還是錯誤(F)。1．Theauthorfeelsitisworthwhilemissingsometimewithfriendsandfamily.()2．Afriendoncethoughttheauthorpushedherselftoohard. ()3．Theauthorsometimesruinedfamilyoccasionsonpurpose. ()4．Asasmallgirl，theauthorenjoyedplayingwithherclassmates. ()5．Theauthorwilltryherbest，evenifitmeansgettinginjured，togettothetop.()[答案]1—5TTFFTⅡ.補全信息選擇正確選項填入空白處，補全所給句子提供的信息：A．togetaheadonclassworkB．tobethebestandreachthewinner'splatformC．toshareitwithD．tobeatthetopinsportE．todothatextralittlebitF．tobeanOlympicchampion1．HewasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerofbeingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoone________．2．Don'ttheyknowhowharditis________？3．Fromasmallgirl，Iwouldstayinatlunchtimejust________ratherthangooutandplay.4．Ifyouwant________，it'sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfromyourcompetitors.5．Butifyourdreamis________，youhadbetterbetotallycommittedtoyoursport.[答案]1—5CDAFB細讀課文，完成下列任務(wù)Ⅰ.主旨匹配段落主旨大意1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.56.Para.67.Para.78.Para.8A．Thewriter'sreactions.B．Thewriter'squestions.C．Thethingsthewritermissed.D．Herfriends'worriesaboutthewriter.E.Thetotalcommitmenttoyoursport.F.Thewaytostriveforgreatness.G.Thewriter'sdriveanddetermination.H.Theimportanceofthatlittleextrathing.[答案]1—5DABCG6—8HEFⅡ.課文理解1．Whatmadeherfriendsworriedaboutthewriter?A．Pushingherselftothelimits.B．Missingbirthdayparties.C．Ruiningfamilyholidays.D．Becomingdulltotrainwithher.2．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetoherfriends'worriesinherheart?A．Angry. B．Defensive.C．Objective. D．Favourable.3．Whydidthewritertakeherbrother'sweddingforexample?A．Toproveshemissedcountlessbirthdayparties.B．Toproveshemissedcountlessnightsout.C．Toprovesheoftenruinedfamilyholidays.D．Toproveshehadtofacecountlessfearsinlife.4．WhatshouldyoudoinordertobeanOlympicchampion?A．Stayinatlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclasswork.B．Getthebusonyourownatayoungage.C．Makeyourdreamdifferentfromothercompetitors.D．Dothatextralittlebitthatmakesyououtstanding.[答案]1—4ADCDⅢ.續(xù)寫素材積累續(xù)寫素材積累(四)——人物心理活動A．閱讀文中含有表示人物心理活動的語句1．Icouldhavebecomeangryordefensive.2．However，deepdownIknewelementsofwhathewassayingwereright.3．WhoamIdoingthisfor?B．判斷下列語句中哪個不是表示人物心理活動的1．HewasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerofbeingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoonetoshareitwith.2．Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveanddetermination.3．Beingaprofessionalathleteisnodifferent.[答案]2、31．influencen．影響；影響力vt.影響；對……起作用→influentialadj.有影響力的→influencern．影響者；有影響力的人2．devotevt.把……奉獻給；專心致力于→devotedadj.忠誠的；全心全意的→devotionn．奉獻；忠誠；熱心3．publishvt.&vi.出版→publishern．出版商→publicationn．出版；發(fā)行4．motivatevt.成為……的動機；激發(fā)；誘發(fā)→motivatingadj.起激勵作用的；激發(fā)(人)的→motivationn．動機；動力；誘因5．limitvt.&n．限制，限定→limitedadj.有限的6．convincevt.使確信；使信服→convincedadj.相信的，確信的→convincingadj.令人信服的7．defendvt.保護；保衛(wèi)；為……辯護→defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)→defensiveadj.戒備的，自衛(wèi)的8．countn．總數(shù)vt.點……的數(shù)目，計算→countlessadj.無數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的→countern．柜臺；計數(shù)器9．longadj.長的；冗長的→lengthn．長度→lengthenvt.加長10．normaladj.正常的，平常的→abnormaladj.反常的；不規(guī)則的averageadj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均數(shù)①Anaverageof1，500personspasshereeveryday. n.平均數(shù)②Undergroundwaterreservesarebelowaverage. n.平均水平③40hoursisafairlyaverageworkingweekformostpeople. adj.平均的④Averyaveragedirectormadeveryaveragemovies. adj.平庸的，普通的知識要點1devotevt.把……奉獻給；專心致力于[例]Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.偉人是把自己的一生致力于幫助別人的人。[知識拓展](1)devote...to(doing)sth. 把……獻給(做)某事devoteoneselfto＝bedevotedto 獻身于；專心致力于(2)devotedadj. 忠實的；深愛的(3)devotionn. 奉獻；關(guān)愛[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Heisdeterminedtodevotehislifetoscience.②Hemarriedwellandhappilyandwasadevoted(devote)fatherandhusband.③Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelping(help)others.知識要點2limitvt.&n．限制，限定[例]Thereisalimittotheamountofpainwecanbear.我們能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。[知識拓展](1)setalimitto＝putalimiton 限制；對……加以限制tothelimit 達到極點withinlimits 適度地，有限地(2)limitsth.to 限定；把……限制在……limitsb.to(doing)sth. 限制某人做某事(3)limitedadj. 有限的，受限制的belimitedto 局限于[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Thereisalimittoone'slife，butnolimittoserving(serve)thepeople.②Wemustlimittheexpenseto10pounds.③Familiesarelimited(limit)tofourfreeticketseach.知識要點3convincevt.使確信；使信服[例]Herargumentsdidn'tconvinceeveryone，butchangesweremade.她的論點不能說服所有的人，但還是引起了一些變化。[知識拓展](1)convincesb.ofsth. 使某人確信/相信某事convincesb.that... 使某人相信……convincesb.todosth. 說服某人做某事(2)convincingadj. 令人信服的(3)convincedadj. 確信的；堅信的beconvincedof 相信……beconvinced(that)... (某人)相信……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Whathewassayingintheinterviewwasnotconvincing(convince)．②Iamconvinced(convince)thatyouwillbeequaltothejob.③Youneedtoconvincetheinterviewersofyourdevotionandcommitment.④Sheconvincedhermothertohold(hold)abirthdaypartyathome.知識要點4ruinvt.糟蹋；毀壞[例]Thatonemistakeruinedhischancesofgettingthejob.正是這個錯誤斷送了他得到那份工作的機會。[知識拓展](1)ruinoneself 自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame 毀壞某人的健康/名譽(2)inruins 毀壞；嚴重受損；破敗不堪bringsb.toruin 使某人失敗；使某人傾家蕩產(chǎn)fall/go/comeinto/toruin 毀滅；敗落[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Ifyou'readdictedtocomputergames，you'llruinyourself(you)．②Asthebestman，hefailedtoturnup，ruining(ruin)mywedding.③Thehousesontheseawardsideoftheroadwereallinruins(ruin)．知識要點5countlessadj.無數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的[例]Sheofferedhimemotionalandpracticalsupportincountlessways.她以數(shù)不清的方式給予了他情感上和實質(zhì)上的支持。[知識拓展]countv. (按順序)數(shù)數(shù)；計算(或清點)總數(shù)； 把……算入；包括countondoingsth. 期望/指望做某事countonsth./sb. 指望/依靠某事/某人countonsb.todosth. 指望/依靠某人做某事countdown 倒計時；倒數(shù)countin 把……算在內(nèi)；考慮在內(nèi)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①IfIgotintotrouble，IcouldalwayscountonRose.②Whenthegamegetsstarted，youcancountmein．③Don'tcountonotherpeopletohelp(help)yououtoftrouble.知識要點6applyoneselftosth.努力；專心致志于某事[例]Ifyouapplyyourselftothejob，you'llsoonfinishit.如果你努力干，這工作用不了多久就可以完成。[知識拓展](1)applytosb./sth. 適用于；與……有關(guān)apply...to... 把……應(yīng)用于……beappliedtosth. 應(yīng)用于某事(2)apply(tosb.)forsth. (向某人)申請某事applytodosth. 申請做某事(3)applicationn. 應(yīng)用，申請applicantn. 申請者[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯①Asthewageswerehigh，thereweremanyapplicants(apply)forthejob.②YaoMingappliedhimselfcloselytothestudyofEnglishwhenhewasinAmerica.③Inthiswaytheycanbetterapplytheorytopractice.④Youwillpassyourexamsifyouapplyyourselftoyourstudy．＝Y(jié)ouwillpassyourexamsifyouareappliedtoyourstudy．如果你專心學(xué)習(xí)，就會通過考試。知識要點7setsb./sth.apart使與眾不同[例]Herbrightredscarfsetsherapartfromtheothergirls.她那鮮紅的圍巾使她在姑娘們中間顯得特別突出。[知識拓展]take...apart 把……拆開setsb.apartfrom 使某人從……中脫穎而出tell...apart 把……區(qū)別開來fallapart 崩潰；土崩瓦解apartfrom... 除……之外[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove，youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.②Let'stakethemachineapartandseewhat'swrongwithit.咱們把機器拆開看看有什么毛病。③TheyaresomuchalikethatIcan'ttellthemapart．他們那么像以至于我很難把他們區(qū)分開。知識要點8averageadj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均數(shù)[例]Thegreenhouseeffectgivestheearth'ssurfacetheaveragetemperatureof15℃.溫室效應(yīng)使得地球表面的平均溫度是15攝氏度。[知識拓展](1)on(the)average 平均來看above(the)average 高于平均水平below(the)average 低于平均水平(2)anaverageof... 平均有……(后跟數(shù)詞)theaverageof... ……的平均數(shù)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Onaverage，boyslikeplayingfootballbetterthangirls.②Heisworkinghardandhisgradesareabovetheaverageinhisclass.③Theaverageof3，8and10is(be)7.④Anaverageoftenstudentshaven'tpassedtheexamineachclass.[名師點津]“theaverageof...”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；而“anaverageof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。重點句式1while表轉(zhuǎn)折(教材P36)Iwouldgetthebusonmyownattenyearsoldandgotoswim100lengthsofthepoolwhileotherkidsplayedpoolgames.我在十歲的時候會自己坐公交車，去游泳池游100個來回，而其他的孩子在泳池玩游戲。[句式分析]本句中while是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，表示“然而；而”。[例1]There'replentyofraininthesoutheast，whilethere'slittleinthenorthwest.東南部雨量充足，而西北部則很少下雨。[例2]WhileTom'sverygoodatscience，hisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.湯姆很擅長理科，而他的兄弟絕對是不可救藥。[知識拓展]while除了表示轉(zhuǎn)折，還有以下用法：(1)while意為“當(dāng)……時候”，指一段時間，不能用來表示一個時間點。(2)while意為“雖然；盡管”，表示讓步。(3)while意為“只要”，表示條件。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①WhileIadmithisgoodpoints，Icanseehisshortcomings.②Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultieswhilewearecloselyunited.③WhileIwaswaitingatthebusstop，threebuseswentbyintheoppositedirection.我在公共汽車站等車時，對向駛過了三輛公共汽車。重點句式2強調(diào)句型(教材P37)IfyouwanttobeanOlympicchampion，it'sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfromyourcompetitors.如果你想成為奧運冠軍，就要在訓(xùn)練中多付出那額外的一點點，它將使你從競爭者中脫穎而出。[句式分析]本句為強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)主句的主語。[例1]ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。[例2]ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick.只有當(dāng)這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時，人才會顯出病態(tài)。[知識拓展](1)強調(diào)句型的一般陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)為：It＋be＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who...(2)強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：Is/Wasit＋被強調(diào)部分＋who/that...?(3)強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞＋is/wasitthat...？(強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句只能強調(diào)疑問詞。)(4)not...until...的強調(diào)句式：It＋be＋not...until＋被強調(diào)部分＋that...[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Itwasbecausewewerelatethatcausedhimtoservedinneranhourlaterthanusual.②Howwasitthattheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?③Itwasinthesmallhousewhichwasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfatherthathespenthischildhood.他是在一個他父親用石頭建成的小房子里度過他的童年的。[名師點津]判斷強調(diào)句型的方法將表示強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的it's和that去掉，如果句子仍然完整，則是強調(diào)句型，否則就不是。1．HewasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefuntotrainwithandthatIwasindangerofbeingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoonetoshareitwith.[分析]句中Hewasworried后是and連接兩個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，動名詞短語beingleftwithonlyaworldchampionshipmedal作indangerof的賓語。[翻譯]他擔(dān)心和我一起訓(xùn)練不再是一件愉悅的事情，擔(dān)心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。2．IthinkofcountlessbirthdaypartiesandnightsoutIhavemissed，ruiningafamilyholidayinFrancebecauseoftheendlesssearchforaswimmingpooltotrainin，almostmissingmybrother'sweddingbecauseIwastoobusyhiringacarindowntownJohannesburganddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areasinordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes.[分析]句中Ihavemissed為省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞birthdaypartiesandnightsout；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，inordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes為目的狀語。[翻譯]我想起我錯過的無數(shù)的生日聚會和深夜外出；毀掉了在法國的家庭假日，因為無休止地尋找一個訓(xùn)練的游泳池；幾乎錯過我哥哥的婚禮，因為我在約翰內(nèi)斯堡市中心忙著租車，且開車穿過“禁入”區(qū)以便和當(dāng)?shù)氐蔫F人三項運動員一起進行團體騎行。3．Doingwhatwedoasathletessetsusapartbecausewearewillingtodothatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.[分析]句中的whatwedo是賓語從句，作doing的賓語；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；thatmighttakeustothetop是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞thatextralittlebit。[翻譯]作為運動員，我們所做的事情是與眾不同的，因為我們愿意多做一點，這可能會讓我們達到頂峰。教材高考1....suchasmakingto-dolistsandlimitingtimeonsocialnetworkingandotherdistractions.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)．..soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystuckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.2.Mm，you'veconvincedmetoreadthisbook！(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen，buthehasnodoubtaboutit.3.AsoneoftheOlympicathletes，Imissbirthdayparties，ruinfamilyholidaysandskipnightsout，butthereisaverygoodreasonforgivingupsomuch.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Whohasn'treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday？4.IthinkofcountlessbirthdaypartiesandnightsoutIhavemissed，...(2020·北京卷)Overtime，thebagsfallapartintocountlesstinypieces，andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.5.I'dprefertohavethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffthanhavingtenyearsofbeingaverage.(2021·浙江卷)Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens，splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itwastheboywhohadbeeninprisonthatstolethemoney.2．Thetroubleisthattheserestrictionshaveremainedwhileotherthingshavechanged.3．Ihavetwentynovelsandcountless(count)magazinestoriestomycredit.4．Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefence(defend)againstenemyattacks.5．Hewasconvinced(convince)thatdoctorsanddentistsknewbest.6．Theexpensesshouldbelimitedtowhatyoucanreallyafford.7．Allhissparetimehasbeendevotedtolearning(learn)Englishovertheradio.8．Faulkshasappliedhimself(him)tothistaskwithconsiderableenergy.9．Thiswillsetyouapartandgainyouimmediaterespectandcredibility.10．Onaverage，aplatypuseatsasmuchfoodashalfofitsownweighteveryday.Ⅱ.短語填空applyoneselfto；apartfrom；stayin；boildownto；devote...to；onaverage1．IstayedinandlookedthroughTom'soldstuff.2．Heapplies/appliedhimselftothetaskwithdiligence.3．Onaverageeachreportrequirestwomonthstoprepare.4．Ihavepersonallybeendevotedtothiscauseformanyyears.5．Theadvicewegavehimboileddowntothis：heshouldtakecareofhishealth.6．Apartfromsomespellingmistakes，thecompositionisfairlygood.Ⅲ.課文語法填空AsanOlympicathlete，Imissbirthdayparties，ruinfamilyholidaysandskipnightsout.MyfriendwasworriedthatIhadnolongerbecomefun1.totrain(train)withandthatIwasindangerof2.beingleft(leave)withonlyaworldchampionshipmedalandnoonetoshareitwith.DeepdownIknew3.elements(element)ofwhathewassayingwereright.Iwaspushingthelimitsandextremesbeyondwhatmostthoughtwerehealthy.ThisisbecauseI4.wasborn(bear)withanenormousamountofdriveand5.determination(determine)．Beingaprofessionalathleteisnodifferent.Ifyouwanttobe6.anOlympicchampion，it'sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapart7.fromyourcompetitors.Doing8.whatwedoasathletessetsusapartbecausewearewillingtodothatextralittlebitthatmighttakeustothetop.Itiscertainlynota9.balanced(balance)waytoliveanditiscertainlynotnormalbutthosewordsare10.generally(general)notusedforanyonewhoisstrivingforgreatness.冠詞[觀察例句]1．We'veboughtanewwashingmachine.2．Isawagirlclimbingupthemountain.Shewascarryingaheavybackpack.3．Thecarisdirty.4．Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.5．Thecomputeristhemostimportantinventionofthe20thcentury.6．Ifindsnakesfascinating.[歸納用法]1．單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，泛指某人、某事。當(dāng)把該人或該事作為一組、一類的例子時，經(jīng)常用不定冠詞a/an。2．第一次提及某事時用不定冠詞a/an。3．別人知道我們談?wù)摰氖悄膫€人、哪件事，并能很容易判定該人、該事時，用定冠詞the。4．世界上獨一無二的事物前，用定冠詞the。5．與單數(shù)名詞連用表示整個種類，用定冠詞the。6．表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前，不用冠詞。一、不定冠詞1．表示數(shù)量“一”，相當(dāng)于“one”。I'llreturninadayortwo.2．表示“同一”，相當(dāng)于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.3．表示泛指或類指，指人或事物的某一個或某一類。Hewantstobeadoctor.Adogisafaithfulanimal.4．用于首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。YesterdayIboughtanovel.Itcostme30yuan.5．用于一些表示重量、長度、時間等的單位前，表示“每一”。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.6．用于專有名詞前表示類似的一個或某一個，相當(dāng)于“acertain”。AMr.Liisaskingtoseeyou.7．與某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞連用，表示“一種/一類/一份/一場/一陣/……”。Therewasaheavyrainyesterday.Hegaveusabigsurprise.8．用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一”。Hewantedtotryasecondtime.9．表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、三餐的名詞前有修飾語時，前面可用不定冠詞。Wehaveawarmwinterthisyear.ThiseveningIhadabigsupper.10．用在某些固定詞組中。haveaswim allofasuddenonceinawhile asaresult(of)inahurry asawholeatatime二、定冠詞1．用于上文提到過的人或事物前。Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.2．用于說話人與聽話人都知道的人或事物前。Closethewindow，please.3．用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物前，如：thesun。4．用于表示方位的名詞之前，如：intheeast。5．用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級前，如：thefirst，themostinteresting。6．用于“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”中，表示“越……越……”。Themore，thebetter.7．用于表示兩者相比“較……的那個人或物”的比較級形式前。Ofthetwostudents，Maryisthecleverer.8．用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化，表示一類人，如：theold，thepoor，thedead。9．用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞(如國名、組織機構(gòu)、建筑物、報紙、會議、條約等的名稱)前，如：theGreatWall，theUnitedStates等。10．用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島等名詞前，如：theWestLake。11．用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”，如：theWhites。12．用于作為課程或演奏等的西洋樂器名詞前，如：playthepiano，playtheviolin。13．用于表示度量單位的名詞前，如：bytheday。14．用于年代、朝代、時代名詞前，如：inthe1970s。15．用于某些固定詞組中，如：allthetime，attheageof，intheend，bytheway，intheformof等。三、零冠詞1．不含普通名詞的專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞，如：China，America。2．可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時，不加冠詞。Einstein'stheoryprovedtobecorrectandsoonhebecameworldfamous.3．季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞，如：inMarch，onSunday，havesupper。4．稱呼語前不加冠詞。WhatshallIdonext，mother?5．表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務(wù)名詞作表語、同位語或補足語時，一般不加冠詞。6．學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。7．復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時，其前不加冠詞。8．在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。9．連系動詞turn后的表語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。Theyoungworkerhasturnedwriter.10．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時須倒裝，though可以倒裝也可以不倒裝，其表語(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)置于句首時不加冠詞。Childasheis，heknowsalot.11．某些固定詞組中不加冠詞，如：husbandandwife，arminarm。注意下列詞組的區(qū)別：gotoschool去上學(xué)goto/beatchurch去做禮拜/在做禮拜gotobed就寢，上床睡覺gotosea出海beinhospital在住院beinprison在坐牢infrontof在……sitattable吃飯byday在白天inpossessionof擁有insightof能看見，看得見[名師點津]由于受到漢語的干擾，冠詞錯用或遺漏是我們中國學(xué)生在寫作中常見的錯誤類型之一。存在的誤區(qū)有以下幾種：1．對抽象名詞具體化的應(yīng)用判斷失誤(誤)TheSpringFestivaleveningpartywassuccess.(正)TheSpringFestivaleveningpartywasasuccess.2．冠詞在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的誤用誤誤3．冠詞表示類別和不用冠詞時的易錯點(誤)InmanyplacesofChina，abicycleisstillthepopularmeansoftransportation.(正)InmanyplacesofChina，thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftransportation.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.2．Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.3．Everybodywearsthesamestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways.4．Asaresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.5．Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.6．Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandauniquestyle.7．Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.8．Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenthbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardthefirstdaywas.9．Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutanhourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.10．Ifwestayathome，itiscomfortableandth