高中英語(yǔ)必修一《Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures》課件

WelcomeUnit

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLeadinWhatAreThey?1.S(subject)

主語(yǔ)2.V(verb)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞3.O(object)

賓語(yǔ)4.P(predicative)

表語(yǔ)5.A(adverbial)

狀語(yǔ)6.DO(directobjective)直接賓語(yǔ)7.IO(indirectobjective)

間接賓語(yǔ)8.C(objectivecomplement)

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)9.Therebe…=therebe結(jié)構(gòu)Let’sreviewWhatIsSubject?1.

S(subject)主語(yǔ)1.1Atigereatsmeat.

S1.2Heismyfather.

S1.3.Mr.Woodisateacher.

S

Whatcanbe“subject”inasentence?atiger?noun√he?pronoun√Mr.Wood?noun×name√Let’sreviewWhatIsVerb?2.

V(verb)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2.1Atigereatsmeat.

V2.2Afishcanswim.

V2.3.He

doesn’tlike

fruit.

V

Whatcanbe“verb”inasentence?can=V×doesn’t=V×canswim√Let’sreviewWhatIsObject?3.

O(object)賓語(yǔ)3.1Atigereats

meat.

O3.2Ilikeit.

O3.3HecalledTom.

O

Whatcanbe“object”inasentence?meat?noun√it?pronoun√Tom?nameLet’sreviewWhatIsPredicative?4.

P(predicative)表語(yǔ)4.1Helooks

fine.

P

4.2Youarehappy.

P4.3Hebecameateacher.

P

Whatcanbe“predicative”inasentence?look,are,become=linkverblinkverb+adj./noun=PPcontainsaverb!Let’sreviewWhatIsAdverbial?5.

A(adverbial)狀語(yǔ)5.1HelivesinShenzhen.

A

5.2Yougotoschoolbybus.

A5.3Hewasbornin1918.

A

Whatcanbe“adverbial”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsDO(DirectObjective)?6.

DO(directobjective)直接賓語(yǔ)6.1Hegavemeapen.

DO

6.2Weboughthimagift.

DO6.3Hewrotemealetter.

DO

Whatcanbe“directobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsIO(IndirectObjective)?7.

IO(indirectobjective)間接賓語(yǔ)7.1Hegavemeapen.

IO

7.2WeboughtMr.Woodagift.

IO7.3Hewrotehismotheraletter.

IO

Whatcanbe“indirectobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsC(Complement)?8.

C(complement)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)8.1Thewarmadehimahero.

C

8.2Thefirelefthimhomeless.

C8.3Hefoundhisglassesbroken.

C

Whatcanbe“complement”inasentence?GroupDiscussion1.Examinethesentencestructuresandseewhatpartsaresharedbyallofthem.2.Whatpartismorestableandwhatpartisthemostunstableinasentence?Why?SentenceStructureSVSVOSPSVIODOSVOCSVASVOAAnswerstoquestionsinDiscussion1.Partssharedbyallofthestructures:2.“S”isthemorestablepart;“V”isthemostunstablepart.Makealistofthe“S”formsandthe“V”formsthatappearintheaboveslides.Learntorecognizethestructures1.SVstructure1.1Abird

flies.SV1.2Monkeys

jumped.SV1.3He

wassleeping.SV

InSVstructure,verbsareintransitive.Canyoumakea“SV”sentence?Learntorecognizethestructures2.SVOstructure2.1Asheep

eats

grass.SVO2.2Monkeys

like

bananas.SVO2.3He

wants

somecandy.SVO

InSVOstructure,verbsaretransitive.PleasemakeaSVOsentence!Learntorecognizethestructures3.SPstructure3.1This

isgreatSP3.2He

lookswell.SP3.3She

becameateacher.SPInSPstructure,Prefersto“l(fā)inkverb+adjective/noun”.Linkverbs:be,feel,taste,smell,grow,become,etc.Let’strymakingaSPsentencewith“grow”!Learntorecognizethestructures4.SVIODOstructure4.1He

asked

me

aquestion.SVIODO4.2Danny

wrote

hismom

aletter.SVIODO4.3She

bought

Mr.Wood

abook.SVIODOInSVIODOstructure,verbsaretransitiveandarefollowedbyIOandDO.FindaSVIODOsentenceinyourtextbookandshareitwiththeclass!Learntorecognizethestructures5.SVOCstructure5.1Thewar

made

him

ahero.SVOC5.2They

found

hiscat

dead.SVOC5.3She

called

him

Mr.Wood.SVOCInSVOCstructure,animpliedlogicalrelationexistsbetweenOandC.InExample5.1,therelationbetween“him”and“ahero”issupposedtobe-“heisahero”.What’stherelationbetween“hiscat”and“dead”in5.2?Learntorecognizethestructures6.SVAstructure6.1It

rained

heavily.SVA6.2He

coughed

badly.SVA6.3Therabbit

ran

inthewoods.SVAInSVAstructure,adverbialisusuallyattheendofthesentence.PleasegiveanotherexampleofSVAstructure!Learntorecognizethestructures7.SVOAstructure7.1Asheep

iseating

grass

overthere.SVOA7.2Mum

makes

lunch

inthekitchen.SVOA7.3They

liked

thefilm

verymuch.SVOAInSVOAstructure,theverbistransitiveandisfollowedbyanobjectandanadverbial.Learntorecognizethestructures8.“Therebe…”structure8.1Thereis

anapple

onthetable.VSA7.2Thereare

sevendays

inaweek.VSA7.3There

is

milkandbread.VSIn“therebe…”structure,SandVareinverted.V’snumberisdecidedbytheveryfirstnounofS.Let’spractiseExercise1:Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.(1)Ihavelearninggoals.(2)Heworkshard.(3)HeneverwatchesTVatnight.(4)Afishswims.(5)Iwaswritinghimanemail.(6)Theylefttheboystarvedtodeath.Youfeeltired.Thereweresomechildrenontheplayground.(1)Ihavelearninggoals.(SVO)(2)Heworkshard.(SVA)(3)HeneverwatchesTVatnight.(SVOA)(4)Afishswims.(SV)(5)Iwaswritinghimanemail.(SVIODO)(6)Theylefttheboystarvedtodeath.(SVOC)Youfeeltired.(SP)Thereweresomechildrenontheplayground.(VS)Let’spractiseAnswerstoExercise1Let’spractiseExercise2:Analysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentencesinthepassage.Let’spractiseAnswerstoExercise2:1.LangPing

brought

honourandglory

tohercountry.SVDOIO2.She

led

theChinawomen’svolleyballteam

tomedalsat…Olympics.SVOATheteam

wasfalling

apart.SVALosingtwoimportantplayers

wasabigchallenge.SPShe

hadfaced

difficulties

before.SVOAThey

wereworldchampions!SPLet’spractiseExercise3:Findthedifferences–SPvs.SVATheboy

looksgreat.SPTheboy

worked

veryhard.SVAAnydifferencesbetween“great”and“veryhard”?Let’spractiseAnswerto“thedifferencesofSPvs.SVA”1.Pin“SP”means“l(fā)inkverb”+“adj./noun”2.VAmeans“intransitiveverb”+adverb3.Forexample:lookgreat(look:linkverb;great:adj.)P(linkverb+adj.)

workhard(work:vi.;hard:adv.)VA(vi.+adv.)Let’spractiseExercise4:Findthedifferences–SVOCvs.SVOAThenews

made

me

happy.SVOCThemother

missed

herkid

badly.SVOAhappyvs.badlyDifferences?Let’spractiseAnswerto“thedifferences–SVOCvs.SVOA”1.“C”means“nouns/adjectives.”2.“A”means“adverbs/prepositionalphrases”Thenewsmademeintheroom.×?SummaryInthisperiod,we’velearnedaboutsomeimportantconceptsofsyntax.ThedefinitionsofS,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,CMorphologicfeaturesofS,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,CTheparticularfeaturesofverbs4.ThesignificanceoflearningverbpatternsHomeworkReciteconceptsofS,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C.Thinkaboutthesignificanceofdistinguishing“vi.”from“vt.”WelcomeUnitPART1語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)PART2達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)PeriodThree

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—BasicSentenceStructuresPART1語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的成分1.Birdsfly. _____2.Theearlybirdcatchesthe

worm. _____3.Theyarebirds

of

a

feather. _____4.Iheardthebirdssinging

merrily. ___________5.Sheboughtthe

birda

cage. ___________________6.Thereisa

pictureonthewall. _____◆語(yǔ)法感知主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)；直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)一、句子成分構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。1.主語(yǔ)(subject)主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體、動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，一般位于句首。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等構(gòu)成。Thefutureisbright；theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.在河里游泳是件快樂(lè)的事。WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.我們將什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)測(cè)試仍然沒(méi)決定?！粽Z(yǔ)法精析2.表語(yǔ)(predicative)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，在系動(dòng)詞(be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成。OurEnglishteacherisanAmerican.我們的英語(yǔ)老師是個(gè)美國(guó)人。HisjobistoteachEnglish.他的工作就是教英語(yǔ)。Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.事實(shí)就是他從來(lái)都沒(méi)出過(guò)國(guó)。3.賓語(yǔ)(object)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的施加對(duì)象或承受者，在及物動(dòng)詞后，或“不及物動(dòng)詞＋相應(yīng)介詞”后。賓語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)。賓語(yǔ)按詞性分為：動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.他們昨天去看展覽了。Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.我認(rèn)為他適合做辦公室工作。有些動(dòng)詞后邊需要跟雙賓語(yǔ)，指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)；指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。Lendmeyourdictionary，please.請(qǐng)把你的詞典借給我(用一下)。Givemeabook.給我一本書(shū)。4.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(objectcomplement)有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。Doyouconsiderhimtrust-worthy?你認(rèn)為他可靠嗎？Themanageraskedthecollegestudenttocomein.經(jīng)理讓那個(gè)大學(xué)生進(jìn)去。Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)試驗(yàn)室的一切秩序井然。5.定語(yǔ)(attribute)修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為定語(yǔ)?？捎蓡卧~、短語(yǔ)、從句充當(dāng)。定語(yǔ)有形容詞的特征。Guilinisabeautifulcity.桂林是個(gè)美麗的城市。Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.我們學(xué)校有30名女教師。HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.他在讀一篇怎樣學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的論文。6.狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)種類：原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、比較狀語(yǔ)。Lighttravelsmostquickly.光的傳播速度非?？?。Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.他已經(jīng)在該市住了10年。Onceyoubegin，youmustcontinue.一旦開(kāi)始了，你必須繼續(xù)下去。二、基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞(S＋V)Thetemperaturehaschanged.溫度變了。Thecarwon’tstart.這車發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)。Weallbreathe，drinkandeat.我們都要呼吸、喝水和吃飯。2.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)(S＋V＋O)Hepretendednottoseeus.他假裝沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)我們。Sheusuallyputsoffcarryingoutherpromise.她通常拖延履行她的諾言。Noonereallyunderstandsthegrieforjoyofothers.沒(méi)有人真正理解別人的悲傷和快樂(lè)。3.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)(S＋P)HebecameateacherofEnglish.他成了一名英語(yǔ)教師。Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.我的弟弟們都是大學(xué)生。Hisvoicesoundedstrangetoher.他的聲音在她聽(tīng)來(lái)有些怪。[溫馨提示]英語(yǔ)中的系動(dòng)詞有：be動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表變化類動(dòng)詞(如get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持類動(dòng)詞(如keep，stay，remain等)。4.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)叫作雙賓語(yǔ))(S＋V＋I(xiàn)O＋DO)Mysistertoldmealongstory.我姐姐給我講了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的故事。Ilenthimareferencebook.我借他一本參考書(shū)。Heallowshimselfnorest.他不讓自己休息。5.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)(賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)統(tǒng)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ))(S＋V＋O＋C)Theymadeherhappy.他們讓她快樂(lè)。Shekeptuswaitingforheranswerforoveraweek.她讓我們等她的回音等了一個(gè)多星期。IoftenhearhersingtheGermansonginherlovelyvoice.我時(shí)常聽(tīng)到她用迷人的聲音唱這首德國(guó)歌曲。6.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋狀語(yǔ)(S＋V＋A)MyparentsliveinTaibei.我的父母住在臺(tái)北。Johnhasgonetobuybooks.約翰去買書(shū)了。7.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋狀語(yǔ)(S＋V＋O＋A)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.大風(fēng)把落葉從地面上刮了起來(lái)。Theyknowusverywell.他們非常了解我們。Hebroughthisbrothertoseeme.他帶著弟弟來(lái)看我。8.Therebe...Therearen’tmanybooksontheshelf.書(shū)架上沒(méi)有多少書(shū)。Thereisachair，twodesks，andabedintheroom.房間里有一把椅子、兩張桌子和一張床。Therearesomebooks，dictionariesandmagazinesonthetable.桌子上有些書(shū)、字典和雜志。[溫馨提示]在therebe句型中，be的單復(fù)數(shù)與最靠近的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。單句語(yǔ)法填空1.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI(make)overtheyears.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)2.Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)3.Ifyouaretimepoor，youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports，soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ)◆高考鏈接have

madetraditionalhugelyit/running4.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ)5.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother，Iwasjustgladtofind______(they)alive.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ)6.Oncehismessagewasdelivered