定語從句筆記

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載定語從句Part1定語從句定義及概述什么是定語從句？(1)定語從句：在復(fù)合句中作定語修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞。(3)關(guān)系詞：分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分。Eg.Iwillneverforgetthegirl（先行詞）that（關(guān)系詞）Imetyesterdayinthestreet（定語從句）.※定語從句兩個必須:★先行詞在從句中必須作一個成分；★先行詞所作的成分必須空缺。Part2關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句項目關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞先行詞所指關(guān)系詞在從句中的作用關(guān)系代詞thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas1.關(guān)系代詞that的用法用法：既可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時常_______。1)Thisisthefactorythatproducescars.(作_____,指物)2)Thegirlthatspoketomejustnowismyclassmate.(作______,指人)3)Thefilm(that)wesawyesterdayisinteresting.(作______，指物)※關(guān)系代詞that的特權(quán)和禁區(qū)1.特權(quán)：行使特權(quán)的條件：（1）限定性定語從句（即從句前無逗號）；（2）介詞沒有提前。2.禁區(qū)：有兩種情況下，關(guān)系代詞不會用that,指物時用which；指人時用who/whom。（1）___________________（即從句前有逗號）；（2）_________提前時。2.關(guān)系代詞which的用法用法：指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。1)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.(作主語)※只用that不用which的情況：(1)______________________________ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.(2)________________________________ThefirstbookthatIboughtwasabouthowtolearnEnglish.(3)先行詞是_________________等不定代詞或由some,any,every,no等詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞時）IdidallthatIcoulddoatthattime.Therewaslittlethatthedoctorcoulddoforthepatient.(4)當(dāng)先行詞被______________________修飾時。Theonlythingthathecandoistosaysorrytoher.(5)先行詞____________________Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(6)主句已有疑問詞________/_________時。Whichisthebookthatyoulike?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?(7)當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系詞在從句中也作表語時。Heisnolongerthemanthathewastenyearsago.※只用which不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況：(1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有_______時。Adesertisagreatplaininwhichnothingwillgrow.(2)引導(dǎo)________________________時。Thestudentswaslateforclass7timesaweek,whichmadeherteachermad.(3)一個句子中有兩個定語從句時，為避免重復(fù)，一個用that，另一個宜用_________。(4)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。ThatwhichIhadknownaboutmadethemsurprised.3.關(guān)系代詞who的用法用法：指人，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。1)Iknowthemanwhospoketoyoujustnow.(作主語)2)Sheisnotthegirlwhoshewas.(作表語)先行詞是人時，常用who而不用that的情況：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，多用who，eg.Iwillpardonhimwhoishonest.先行詞為_________________________________等時，eg.Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.在以therebe開頭的句子中，eg.Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.當(dāng)先行詞后有較長的修飾語時，eg.HemetaboyinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldspeakEnglishfluently.4.關(guān)系代詞whom的用法用法：指人，who的賓格，在定語從句中作賓語，常可省略，在口語中可用who或that代替。Hereistheman(whom/who)youarelookingfor.Ihaveafriendwholikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.Isthatthemanwithwhomyouarrivedyesterday?5.關(guān)系代詞whose的用法用法：可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。1)Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.(指人)2)Theroomwhosewindowsfacetheeastismine.(指物）Whose+n.=___________________________=______________________________6.關(guān)系代詞as的用法用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。它常用在thesame…as…,such…as…,as…as…等句型中,as不能省略。1)SuchteachersasknowTomthinkhimbright.(指人，作主語)2)I’llbuythesamedictionaryasyouhave.(指物，作賓語)※關(guān)系代詞as的選擇(1)當(dāng)先行詞中有_______________等修飾語時；如：Neverpromisesuchthingsasyoucan’tachieve.Thisissogoodamovie__as__weallwishtosee.(2)當(dāng)________________置于句首時；如：Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesunonceeveryyear.Aswehadexpected,thestudentswhohadcheatedintheexamswerepunished.(3)當(dāng)先行詞中有thesame修飾時，有時用that也有時用as來引導(dǎo)定語從句。二者意思稍有不同。如：ThisisthesameshirtasIworeyesterday._______________________________ThisisthesameshirtthatIworeyesterday._________________________________※關(guān)系代詞的省略有兩個條件：(1)限定性定語從句；(2)作賓語或表語。E.g.Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.（2006北京高考）A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填;不填Part3關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞先行詞所指在句中所作成分Whenwherewhy※特別提醒：when,where既能引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，也能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，而why通常引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。如：Thatisthedaywhenhegotmarried.Thatisthetimewhenallofuslivedtogetherasafamily.ThatisthefactorywhereIusedtowork.Thatisthereasonwhyhewasfired.(1)表示時間的先行詞除了time之外，還有：day,morning,afternoon,evening,night,week,month,year等；(2)表示地點的先行詞除了place之外，還可以是desk,table,spot,room,house,school,street,town,country等,還有表示抽象意義的地點名詞：_________________________________(3)表示原因的先行詞一般只有____________一個。1.關(guān)系副詞使用的幾種變化1)關(guān)系副詞通常也可以用“that+介詞后置”代替或省略；2_在正式文體中，也可以使用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。ThatistheriverthatIusedtoswimin.(that+介詞后置)ThatistheriverIusedtoswimin.(省略)ThatistheriverinwhichIusedtoswim.(介詞+which)歸納：where/when=_______+__________;why=______+__________2.介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞選擇問題1)介詞與_______________之間的搭配關(guān)系；Istillrememberthetimewhen(atwhich)Ifirstbecameahighschoolstudent.Thereareseveralareasinthecitywhere(inwhich)youcanbuyclothesinfashion.2)介詞與________________的搭配關(guān)系。Isawthestampofwhichmyfatherwasveryproud.Hereissomemoneywithwhichyoucanbuysomebooks.Therewasnobodyinthefamilytowhomhecouldturnforhelp.TheplayinwhichIplayedanimportantrolewasagreatsuccess.歸納：prep.+which不一定能轉(zhuǎn)化成when/where3)根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.2.抽象的先行詞帶來的關(guān)系副詞的選擇問題It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation___theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whereIhavereachedapointinmylife______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.which 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D.whereShe’llneverforgetherstaythere____shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenPart4限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句1.限定性與非限定性定語從句的意義區(qū)別Theoldmanhastwosonswhoserveinthearmy.老人有兩個當(dāng)兵的兒子。Theoldmanhastwosons,whoserveinthearmy.老人有兩個兒子，都當(dāng)兵?！窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ從句有時可以像一個并列句，例如：Hehasawalkafterdinnereveryevening,whichisgoodforhishealth.=Hehasawalkafterdinnereveryevening,andthisisgoodforhishealth.Helikesreadingbooks,whichIamdelightedtohear.=HelikesreadingbooksandIamdelightedtohearthat.※歸納總結(jié)

限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句意義起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的成分起補充說明作用，省去后不影響主句的意思形式與先行詞間無逗號常用逗號與主句分開翻譯常譯成前置定語常譯成并列的分句4.非限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的問題一般來說，除了關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why，其他定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。例如：Hisspeech,whichinspiredeveryone,waswellreceived.Astudent,whowasadmittedtoanordinaryuniversity,wasgreatlydisappointed.Thecinema,whoseroofwasdamagedinthestorm,willbebroughtdown.TheywillflytoNewYorknextFriday,wheretheyhaveplannedtostayforafewweeks.Youcancomenextweekend,whenthebookswillbereadyforyou.歸納：引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：_____________________________________5.as、which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句as和which在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時的相同點和區(qū)別：1)相同點：as和which都可以指代___________________。Themeetingwasputoff，which/aswasexactlywhatwewanted.這次會議延期了，這正是我們所希望的。2)不同點：as引導(dǎo)的從句既可以位于_______，也可位于________，主從句沒有前后邏輯關(guān)系，常表示“正如……”；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能位于__________，主從句常有一定的因果關(guān)系或前后順序，常表示“這一點……”，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。Aseveryoneknows，allthatglittersisnotgold.=Allthatglitters，aseveryoneknows，isnotgold.=Allthatglittersisnotgold，aseveryoneknows.眾所周知，并不是所有發(fā)光的東西都是金子。Part5定語從句使用的注意事項1.分析成分的能力和意識(1)如果空白后面緊跟著動詞的，明顯缺少的是主語。Mr.GoodmanhastobeawayonbusinessonFeb.8th,________happenstobehiswife’sbirthday.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.onwhich(2)及物動詞后必然有賓語，即如果及物動詞后面沒有賓語，先行詞就是作動詞的賓語。TheScienceMuseum,______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.【2008江蘇高考】A.which B.what C.that D.where(3)不及物動詞后沒有賓語，在不缺少主語的情況下，先行詞則通常作狀語等成分。---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?---Right,justtheone______youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what(4)介詞后面通常要跟賓語，如果介詞后面沒有賓語，則先行詞通常作這個介詞的賓語。---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?---Yes，there’sonepoint________wemustinsistonA．whyB．whereC．howD．/2.并列連詞的陷阱Tomhastwobrothers,bothofwhomlovesports.Tomhastwobrothersandbothofthemlovesports.(簡單的并列連詞：and,but,so,or,yet)3.way意為“方式，