人教版高中英語必修四第1講：Unit1-Women-of-achievement-詞匯篇(教師版)

Unit1Womenofachievement詞匯篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)單詞、重點(diǎn)短語、重要詞匯辨析并能熟練應(yīng)用。一、重點(diǎn)短語1.蔑視；看不起 lookdownupon2.查閱；參考；談到；涉及 referto3.離開；啟程；出發(fā) moveoff4.過著……的生活 leada…life5.碰巧；湊巧 bychance6.繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持 carryon7.（偶然）遇見；碰見 comeacross8.（想法、問題等）涌上心頭 crowdin二、詞義辨析1.battle/war/fight：battle側(cè)重指戰(zhàn)爭中的一次較全面、時(shí)間較長的戰(zhàn)斗，也指陸軍或海軍在某一特定地區(qū)進(jìn)行的戰(zhàn)斗或個(gè)人之間的爭斗E.g.Thetwoarmiesbattledallnight.war戰(zhàn)爭的總稱，一般指包括多個(gè)戰(zhàn)役的大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)爭E.g.Theircouragebroughtthepeoplethroughthewar.fight最普通用詞，含義廣，指戰(zhàn)斗、斗爭或打斗E.g.Afterafiercefight,theenemyyieldedtous.2.lookforwardto期望；期待；盼望（其中to為介詞）短語擴(kuò)展lookthrough習(xí)慣于lookon…as…把……看作……lookupto尊敬lookup抬頭看；查閱；改善；好轉(zhuǎn)lookback(onsth.)回憶；回顧lookaround環(huán)顧；四下查看lookinto調(diào)查lookon旁觀lookahead超前看；展望未來lookout當(dāng)心3.worthwhile/worth/worthy（1）從句法功能上看worth通常只用作表語，不用于名詞前作定語；worthy和worthwhile可用作表語和定語。E.g.Itisn’tworththetrouble.不值得費(fèi)那個(gè)事。Heisaworthygentleman.他是位值得尊敬的紳士。Hisbehaviorisworthyofgreatpraise.他的行為值得高度贊揚(yáng)。Theyachievedaveryworthwhileresult.他們?nèi)〉昧撕苡袃r(jià)值的成果。Wehadalongwait,butitwasworthwhilebecausewegotthetickets.我們等了很久，但還算值得，因?yàn)槲覀儼哑辟I到了。（2）從所使用的修飾語來看worth習(xí)慣上不用very修飾(要表示類似意思可用well)，而worthy和worthwhile則可以用副詞very修飾。E.g.Thatisveryworthyofourattention.那件事很值得我們注意。Nursingisaveryworthwhilecareer.護(hù)理工作是很值得干的職業(yè)。但習(xí)慣上不說：Theworkisveryworthdoing.(very應(yīng)改為well)（3）從搭配習(xí)慣來看有關(guān)beworth的搭配習(xí)慣a)beworth后可直接跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。E.g.Thepictureisworth$500.這幅畫值500美元。Theclockishardlyworthrepairing.這臺(tái)鐘簡直不值得修理。Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.值得干的事就得干好。注意：其后可接動(dòng)名詞，不能接不定式，且接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，總是用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。b)在現(xiàn)代英語中，在beworth前使用形式主語it被認(rèn)為是合習(xí)慣的。E.g.Itisn’tworthrepairingthecar.這輛汽車不值得修了。Isitworthvisitingthecity?這個(gè)城市值得去看嗎?但是，若不用形式主語it而直接用動(dòng)名詞作主語，則是錯(cuò)誤的。E.g.Repairingthecarisworth.（誤）c)在beworthdoing結(jié)構(gòu)中，除非句首用了形式主語it，否則句子主語總應(yīng)是其動(dòng)名詞的邏輯賓語；若其中的動(dòng)詞不及物，應(yīng)考慮加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。E.g.Nothinghesaidwasworthlisteningto.他說的話沒有一句值得聽。She’snotworthgettingangrywith.犯不上跟她生氣。有關(guān)beworthy的搭配習(xí)慣a)beworthy后不能直接跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，若要接，應(yīng)借助介詞of。E.g.Theireffortsareworthyofyoursupport.他們的努力應(yīng)得到你的支持。Herbehaviorisworthyofpraise.她的行為是值得贊揚(yáng)的。b)與beworth后只接動(dòng)名詞不接不定式不同，beworthy后不接動(dòng)名詞，而接不定式(若該不定式要表示被動(dòng)意義，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)。E.g.Heisworthytoreceivesuchhonor.他應(yīng)該得到這種榮譽(yù)。Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.這個(gè)建議值得考慮。c)若要在beworthy后接動(dòng)名詞，與后接名詞時(shí)的情形一樣，應(yīng)借助介詞of，且該動(dòng)名詞若要表示被動(dòng)意義，要用被動(dòng)形式。E.g.Heisworthyoffilling[=tofill]thepost.這個(gè)職位他當(dāng)之無愧。Thissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered[=tobeconsidered].這個(gè)建議值得考慮。有關(guān)beworthwhile的搭配習(xí)慣a)beworthwhile后接動(dòng)名詞或不定式均可。E.g.Itisworthwhilebuyingthedictionary.這本詞典值得買。(其中的worthwhile也可換成worth)Itisworthwhiletodiscusstheplanagain.這個(gè)計(jì)劃值得再討論一次。(其中的worthwhile不能換worth，因?yàn)槠浜蠼佑昧瞬欢ㄊ?b)有時(shí)可將worthwhile分開寫，此時(shí)也可在其中加上one’s。E.g.I’dthinkitworthwhiletogo.我認(rèn)為值得去。Doyouthinkit’sworthwhilequarrellingwithme?你認(rèn)為與我吵值得嗎?Wouldyouliketodosomegardeningforme?I’llmakeitworthyourwhile.你愿意在我的花園里干些活嗎?我不會(huì)虧待你的。Itisworthyourwhilevisiting[tovisit]themuseum.這個(gè)博物館值得你去看看。c)按傳統(tǒng)語法，Itisworth(one’s)whiletodosth.[doingsth.]結(jié)構(gòu)必須用it作形式主語，其中的不定式或動(dòng)名詞做句子的真正主語。（4）一句多譯在很多情況下，同一個(gè)意思可用幾種不同的形式表達(dá)。如：那個(gè)地方值得一去。正：Theplaceisworthavisit.正：Theplaceisworthyofavisit.正：Theplaceisworthvisiting.正：Itisworthvisitingtheplace.正：Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.正：Theplaceisworthytobevisited.正：Itisworthwhilevisitingtheplace.正：Itisworthwhiletovisittheplace.三、要點(diǎn)梳理1.achievement(cn.)成就；功績(un.)完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)asenseofachievement成就感asenseofdirection方向感achieveone’sgoal達(dá)到目標(biāo)achieveone’ssuccess獲得成功2.campaign(n.)運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役(vi.)作戰(zhàn)；參加運(yùn)動(dòng)launch/startacampaignagainst…發(fā)動(dòng)一場反對(duì)……的運(yùn)動(dòng)campaignfor/against…參加爭取/反對(duì)……的運(yùn)動(dòng)campaigntodosth.為了做某事而進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)3.behave(v.)舉動(dòng)；（舉止或行為）表現(xiàn)behavewell/badlyto/towardssb.對(duì)待某人好/不好behaveoneself守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體behavior[U]舉止；行為；態(tài)度[U,C]（人、動(dòng)物等的）表現(xiàn)方式，活動(dòng)方式well-behaved(adj.)表現(xiàn)好的badly-behaved(adj.)表現(xiàn)差的4.moveoff向前移動(dòng)（以騰出空間）movein遷入新居moveon變換（工作、話題等）；前進(jìn)moveaway搬走remove去除；移開5.observe(vt.)觀察；觀測；遵守observation(n.)observesb.dosth.觀察到某人做了某事observesb.doingsth.觀察到某人正在做某事observe+that從句發(fā)現(xiàn)……observe(vt.)1)觀察；觀測：IfelthewasobservingeverythingIdid.2)遵守、奉行：Weshouldtherulesandregulations.3)慶祝；祝賀；歡度：SomestudentsaregoingtoobserveChristmasDaywiththeirforeignteachers.6.“only+狀語（從句）”位于句首，句子/主句要部分倒裝only置于句首一般分為下列三種情況：1)“only+副詞”位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝：Onlythendidsherealizehermistake.2)“only+介詞短語”位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝：E.g.OnlybystudyinghardwillyoumakeprogressIyourstudy3)“only+狀語（從句）”位于句首，主句要倒裝，從句不倒裝E.g.OnlywhenIreachedthetopofmountaindidIfeelagreatsenseofachievement.7.respect(n)敬意；細(xì)節(jié)；方面(v.)尊敬；尊重；遵守respectsb.for(doing)sth.have/showrespectto關(guān)于；就……而言self-respect(n)自尊respectable(adj.)值得尊敬的respectful(adj.)表示敬意的；尊敬的respectfully(adv.)恭敬地respective(adj.)各自的，分別的8.argue討論；爭論；辯論arguewithsb.(about/over/onsth.)（就某事）與某人爭論arguefor/againststh.據(jù)理贊成/反對(duì)某事arguethat…主張……；認(rèn)為……arguesb.intodoingsth.說服某人做某事arguesb.outofdoingsth.說服某人不做某事9.crowd(n)人群；觀眾(vt.)擠滿；使擁擠E.g.Thousandsofpeoplecrowedthenarrowstreets.crowdintoone’smind涌入某人的腦海crowdin(onsb.)（想法、問題等）涌上心頭；涌入腦海crowdin/into(sth.)大批涌入（狹小的空間）becrowdedwith擠滿……；充滿著……10.support(n.)&(vt.)支持；擁護(hù)supportoneself自主謀生cometoone’ssupport支持某人insupportof為了支持……為了擁護(hù)……11.referto查閱；參考；談到；涉及referto…as稱……為referto/consultadictionary=lookupsth.inthedictionary（為……）查字典refertosb./sth.描述；涉及reference(n.)參考12.bychance碰巧；湊巧bychance/accident碰巧；湊巧bydesign/onpurpose有益地；故意地13.comeacross（偶然）碰見；遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)comeabout發(fā)生comeup長出地面；（太陽）升起；發(fā)生；被提及；被討論comeupwith提出；想出14.Itseems/seemedthat…看來……；好像……該句型可轉(zhuǎn)換為：Sb./Sth.seems/seemed+不定式。其他含seem的相關(guān)句型常用的還有：Itseems+adj./n.看起來好像……Itseemsasif/asthough…看起來好像……Thereseems(tobe)…看起來像……15.intend(vt.)計(jì)劃；打算intendtodo/doingsth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算讓某人做某事beintendedtodo為了做……beintendedfor專門為……而設(shè)計(jì)的；專供……使用的hadintendedtodosth./intendedtohavedonesth.本打算做某事（但沒有做）16.consideration(u.)體諒；體貼；關(guān)心；考慮take…intoconsideration考慮到……；體諒……beunderconsideration在考慮中；在審議中inconsiderationof考慮到；鑒于consider(v.)仔細(xì)考慮considerate考慮周到的considerable(adj.)相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的17.deliver(vt.)生（小孩兒）；接生；遞送；發(fā)表（演說等）deliver…to…把……交給/傳遞給……deliverababy助產(chǎn)；接生bedeliveredofababy分娩；生孩子deliveraspeech發(fā)表演說18.carryon繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持carryout實(shí)行；執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行；履行（諾言、義務(wù)等）carryoff獲得（獎(jiǎng)品、榮譽(yù)等）；贏得carryonwith/doingsth.繼續(xù)做某事carryaway帶走；沖走例1.（2014河南六市聯(lián)考）A(n)_______ofachievementclearlyhasaninfluenceonchildren’searlyeducation.A.idea B.sense C.need D.mind解析：根據(jù)句意“成就感顯然對(duì)孩子早期的教育有影響”idea主意；sense感覺；need需要；mind心思，想法。asenseofachievement“成就感”答案：B。例2.（2014天津薊縣模擬）Thoughplasticbagsreallybroughtconveniencetous,theyalso_______manyproblemsfortheenvironment.A.ledto B.referredto C.contributedto D.appealedto解析：根據(jù)句意“盡管塑料袋真的給我們帶來了便利，但是對(duì)環(huán)境而言它們也引發(fā)了許多問題?！眑edto導(dǎo)致；引起；referto參考；contributeto對(duì)……有貢獻(xiàn)；appealedto吸引；根據(jù)語境，“引起”符合句意。答案：A。例3.（2014安徽）Terry,please_______yourcellphonewhenGrandmaistalkingtoyou.A.lookupfrom B.lookinto C.lookbackon D.lookthrough解析：根據(jù)句意“Terry，當(dāng)奶奶和你說話的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)將頭從手機(jī)上抬起來?！眑ookupfrom“從……抬起頭”lookinto“調(diào)查”；lookbackon“回顧”；lookthrough“瀏覽”答案：A。例4.（2014陜西西安一模）Thedoorburstopenand______,shoutingwithanger..A.rushedinacrowd B.inrushingacrowdC.inrushedacrowd D.inacrowddidrush解析：根據(jù)句意“門突然打開，一群人憤怒地喊著沖了進(jìn)來?！北硎疚恢玫母痹~置于句首，構(gòu)成句子全部倒裝，acrowd意思為“一群人”。答案：C。例5.（2014福建）Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe_______.A.supported B.matched C.evaluated D.controlled解析：根據(jù)句意“普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該從綜合素質(zhì)方面評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生?！眘upported“支持”；matched“相配”；evaluated“評(píng)估”；controlled“控制”。答案：C?；A(chǔ)演練1.Byworkinghard,hehas_________(實(shí)現(xiàn))hisgoal.2.Hewonaprizeforgood__________(行為)atschool.3.Heisthepresidentofalargeinternational___________(組織).4.Heisamuchlovedandhighly__________(尊敬)teacher.5.Thesemeasuresarestrongly__________(支持)byenvironmentalgroups.6.Themanthey_________to(提到的)justnowisMr.White.7.Ihavean__________(爭論)withheronthistopic.8.I’mhonoredto__________(做演講)aspeechhere.9.Ihavebeendreamingofbecomingadoctorsincemy____________(童年)10.Thebookis___________(供……使用)forchildren.Keys:1.achieved2.behavior(u)r3.organization4.respected5.supported6.referred7.argument8.deliver9.childhood10.intended鞏固提高1.(2014湖北)Isthisyournecklace,Marry?I_______itwhenIwascleaningthebathroomthismorning.A.wentfor B.lookedafter C.dealtwith D.cameacross2.(2014江西南昌月考)Idon’tthinkthechaircantakeyourweight;it’s_______children.A.tradedwithB.referredto C.connectedto D.intendedfor3.Forthebighouse,thepriceisfairlycheap,butyou’vegottotakeinto_________themoneyyou’llspendonhomeimprovement.A.consideration B.thoughtfulnessC.responsibility D.measures4.(2014天津)Therecentfinancialcrisis_______intoconsideration,theJapaneseboss______backonthenumberofworkersworkingforhim.A.taking;cuts B.wastaken;cutC.taken;cut D.totake;cutting5.(2014湖南十三校聯(lián)考)Iusedtoquarrelalotwithmyparents,butnowwe________fine.A.lookoutB.stayup C.carryonD.getalongKeys:1-5:DDACD1.--Howsoonwillthecandidatesgettheiruniversityadmissions?--Itmaytakethreeweeksforalltheapplicationstobe________.A.withdrawn B.delivered C.edited D.processed2.--ChineseformerPremierWenJiabao________animportantspeechintheclimatechangeconferenceinCopenhagenA.stated B.issued C.delivered D.addressed3.Themealwasover,andthemanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomto_____theirdiscussion.A.putaway B.takedown C.lookover D.carryon4.Hewasintheveryactofstartingtheenginewhenthepowersourcewas______.A.carriedon B.cutoff C.pickedout D.comeacross5.Iguesswe’vealreadytalkedaboutthisbeforebutI’llaskyouagainjust_______.A.bynatureB.inreturn C.incase D.bychance6.Thehostpickedseveralpeoplefromtheaudience_______andinvitedthemtothestagetohaveadialogue.A.atrandom B.bychance C.inturn D.onoccasion7.Thesunrose,asitalways_______,inaclearsky.A.is B.does C.likes D.seems8.BeingtheFirstLadyandamotheroftwo,Mrs.Obamahaslaunchedher______againstchildhoodobesityintheUS,hopingtoencouragepeopletolivehealthierlives.A.campaign B.war C.fight D.battle9.ProudofhisAfrican_______,heoftenwritesinhispoetryaboutthebeautifulshoresofAfrica,thelandofhisancestors.A.achievements B.discoveries C.accents D.roots10.Myparentsofteninspireme,“________tillyoumakeit."A.Fight B.FightingC.Totight D.Fought11.TheRed-crossSocieties________$1,000,000fortherefugeeswholosttheirhousesinthetsunami.A.supported B.kept C.rose D.raised12.Havingalargefamilyto________,hetookuptwopart-timejobsinhissparetime.A.measure B.deliver C.respect D.support13.--MysonislearningEnglish.WhatdictionaryshallIbuyforhim?--Whataboutthisone?Itis__________forbeginners.A.intended B.operated C.offered D.delivered14.Theword“unbelievable”basedonChinese,whichhasbecomeabighitonlineveryquickly,_______amessagethatChinesecanalsoserveasanadditiontoEnglishvocabulary.A.delivers B.simplifies C.declares D.clarifies15._______seemstobeastrongcompetitionforstudentstoenterakeyuniversity.A.It B.There C.What D.ThatKeys:1-5DCDBC6-10ABADA 11-15DDAAB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.______good,thiskindoffruitsellsverywellinourcity.A.TasteB.Beingtasted C.TastingD.Havingbeentasted2.The______lookonhisfacesuggestedthathe______thathewouldfailintheMathtest.A.surprising;wouldn’texpect B.surprising;hadn’texpectedC.surprised;hadn’texpected D.surprised;shouldn’texpect3.Ithinkhemusthaveseenmeatthemeetinglastnight,______?A.didn’the B.don’tI C.doID.mustn’the4.TheChangjiangRiverhasbeenpollutedbadlyandisnotgood_______.A.toswimitB.tobeswumin C.toswiminitD.toswimin5.Thomas_____ininventingmanyelectricalmachinesA.wassuccessful B.succeed C.wassuccess D.successes6.Iwouldlove______tothepartythatevening,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone7.Itiswellknowntoallthatwater,______enough,canchangeintoicequickly.A.ifcooling B.thoughtobecooled C.whencooledD.wheniscooled8.Mr.Wang______thepersonreferredtoatthemeetingbeputinprison.A.saidB.wished C.agreedD.suggested9.Isthisschool______youstudiedinthreeyearsago?A.whereB.that C.theone D.which10._____hardlymadeMikepayanyattentionto_____hismistakes.A.Scolding;correcting B.Beingscolded;correct C.Beingscolded;correcting D.Havingbeenscolded;correct11.Hardly______onthebus______thebusdroveoff.A.didheget;than B.hadhegot;whenC.didheget;when D.hadhegot;than12.--WhichsportisthemostpopularintheUS?--It’shardtosay.Itlargely______whatyoumeanby“popular”?A.belongsto B.comesabout C.dependson D.determineson13.I_____whenitbegantorain.A.wasabouttogoingout B.wasinthepointofgoingoutC.wasonthepointofgoingout D.bothAandC14.YouneverimaginewhattroubleIhavehad______yourhouse.Ittookmenearly2hours.A.tofind B.findingC.found D.forfinding15.______inhernovelthatshedidn’thearwhatIwassaying.A.SoabsorbedhadNancy B.SoabsorbedNancywasC.SoabsorbedwasNancy D.SoabsorbedNancyhad二、完型選擇In1990areportwaspublishedabout1theearthmightbelike20yearsfromthenon.Thereportwasaresultofathree-yearstudy.Accordingtothereport,thepictureoftheearthintheyear2010isnota2one.Theworldwillbemore3becausethepopulationwillcontinuetogrow.Thepopulationcouldbe46,300million,almost2,500millionmorethanin1985.Morepeoplewouldmoveintocities,5citiesindevelopingcountries.SuchcitiesasCairoandJakartaprobablywould6have15millionbythen.Foodproductionwill7,butnotenoughtofeedallthepeople.Farmerswillgrow90%morefoodthantheydidin1985,8mostoftheincreasewouldbeincountriesthat9produceenoughfoodfortheirpeople.10increaseisexpectedinSouthAsia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Poorfarmingwaysare11largeareasofcropland,changingfarmsintodeserts.Morefarmlandis12ascitiesbecomelargerandmorehousesarebuilt.13willgetworseasindustrialcountriesburnmorecoalandoil．Manyoftheworld’sforestscoulddisappearasmoreandmoretrees14.Energywillcontinuetobeaseriousproblem.Theexpertssaytheirpictureoftheearthfortheyear201015.Theyonlypicturedthesituationthat16today.Bychangingthesituation,by17theproblems,thepicturecanbechanged.Thereis18timefornatio