2024年陜西省榆林市高考英語一模試卷（含詳細(xì)答案解析）

2024年陜西省榆林市高考英語一模試卷

一、閱讀理解：本大題共15小題，共30分。

A

Therearesomenewinventionsinthefieldofartificialintelligence(AI).Let'shavealook.

Invention1：AsystemtoidentifyParkinson'sdisease

Thesystemworksbymeasuringaperson'sbreathingpatternsduringsleep.Theresearchersnotedthatearlysignsof

Parkinson'sdiseasearenoteasytodiscover.Buttheteamsaidtheexperimentsshowedthatwithjustonenightof

sleep,theAIsystemcancorrectlyidentifyParkinson'sdiseaseupto86%ofthetime

Invention2：Atooltointerpretpigemotions

ThescientistsdevelopedanAl-drivenalgorithmtoidentifyaseriesofemotionsthepigscouldbeexperiencing.The

studycenteredonmorethan7,000audiorecordingsofpigsindifferentsituations.Theresearcherssaidthetool

canleadtofurthersystemsfarmerscanusetoimprovetheproductivityandwell-beingoftheiranimals.

Invention3：Asystemtoidentifyandpredictsmells

Thescientistsbuiltonpastresearchtoproduceabrain-liketechnologymodeltocreatea''principalodormap"to

identifymoleculesrelatedtosmells.Theteamsaidsuchasystemcanbeusedacrossmanydifferentfields,

includingthehealthcare,foodandfragranceindustries.Theresearchersreportedthatthesystemcanbeusedto

helpfightoneoftheworld*sbiggesthealthproblems—diseasesspreadthroughinsects.

Invention4：Atooltofillinmissingwordsinancientwritings

Thetool,calledIthaca,isdesignedtohelphistoriansrepairthewritingsandidentifywhenandwheretheywere

written.Theteamsaidthatwhenhistoriansworkedontheirown,thesuccessrateforrepairingdamaged

inscriptionswasabout25%.ButwhenhumansteamedupwithIthacatoassistintheirwork,thesuccessrate

jumpedto72%.

1.Whichinventioncanhelpfarmersincreaseincome?

A.Invention1.B.Invention2.C.Invention3.D.Invention4.

2.Whatdoinvention1andinvention3haveincommon?

A.Theyaregoodforpeople'shealth.

B.Theyshouldbeusedduringsleep.

C.Theycancurepeopleofmanydiseases.

D.Theyfocusontheresearchonsmells.

3.Howdoesinvention4helphistorians?

A.Byrecoveringtheirhealth.B.Byimprovingtheiraccuracy.

C.Byidentifyingtheirwritings.D.Bystimulatingtheiremotions.

B

Lastyear,therewere38studentmembersandafull-timeteacherintheschoolband.Butoverthesummer,the

directortookanotherjobandtheschoolboardhadnoapplicantsforthevacantposition.

"Itwassuchadowner,"remembersJadynLane."Butweweregivenachoice—wecouldsignupforother

electives（選修課）,orfindawaytomakethebandwork."Moststudentssignedupforotherelectives,but10

studentsdecidedtostay.

"Itwasn'tanoptiontoquit,“saysHaileyFitzgerald.nrvebeeninthebandforsevenyears.!loveit!It*stoo

importantfortoomanyreasons.MThestudentselectedHaileyasdirector,apositionsheacceptedonthecondition

theywouldallworktogetherandshareresponsibilities.TheyrecruitedCaseyGriffithandJenniferNail-Cooktobe

theirofficialfacultyadvisors.Caseydidthepaperwork,andJenniferhelpedwiththemusic.

Theydirectedthemselves.Frontandcenteronthebandroomwhiteboardareasetofruleswhichtheycreated

themselves.Inaddition,theymadeacalendar（日歷）oftheirupcomingevents,likefootballgames.ltincluded

adailycountdowntoeacheventsothey'dbeprepared.

Perhapsmostimportantly,theydecidedwhichinstrumentswerenecessarytomakeabandofthissizework.Most

ofthemweredrummers.Howcouldtheyplaythoseinstrumentswiththepeopletheyhad?"Severalmembers

switchedinstrumentsandsomeevenlearntbrandnewones,“Haileysays.

Thetimecamelastmonthfortheirfirstpublicperformance.ltwasahomefootballgameagainstRichwood.They

hadnoideawhattoexpect.Woulditwork?Wouldthecrowdcheerthemon?Wouldtheycheerupthefootball

team?Totheirsurprise,agroupofstudentsmadepostersforthebandandhungthemattheentrancetothe

footballfield.nWethoughtsomepeopledidn*tevenknowwestillhadaband,“saysJadyn.Buttheirclassmates

hadbeenpayingattentionandwantedtomaketheirfirstgamespecial.Andtheirschoolwon.

4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"adowner"inparagraph2mean?

A.Somethingrewarding.B.Somethingdemanding.

C.Somethingfrightening.D.Somethingdisappointing.

5.Howdidthemembersovercomethechallenges?

A.Theyredefinedtheirroles.B.Theysoughthelpfromparents.

C.Theylearnttobeatdrums.D.Theyjoinedthefootballteam.

6.Whatcanbelearntabouttheirfirstpublicperformance?

A.Itdrewlittleattention.B.Itwasahugesuccess.

C.Itwonlotsofbonuses.D.Itwasatotalmess.

7.Whichwordbestdescribestheremainingmembers?

A.Confident.B.Sensible.C.Devoted.D.Ambitious.

c

Anewstudyrevealsthattreescancommunicateandwarneachotherofdanger."Forthefirsttime,researchers

havebeenabletovisualizeplant-to-plantcommunication,"saidMasatsugu,seniorauthorofthestudy.

Theideaoftalkingtreesstartedtotakerootinthe1980s.Twoscientistsfoundthatdamagedtreesbeganproducing

chemicalsthatmadetheirleavesunappetizingandindigestibletodiscourageinsects.Thetreesthensentchemical

signalstooneanotherthroughtheair.Overthepastfourdecades,scientistshaveobservedthiscell-to-cell

communicationinmorethan30plantspecies.

Pastresearchshowsplantscommunicatewiththeirsurroundingsbyreleasingchemicalsknownasvolatile（易揮

發(fā)的）organiccompounds.Oneclassofthesecompoundsarereleasedwhenaplantisinjured：greenleafy

volatiles.Thesearereleasedby,asthenamesuggests,prettymucheverygreenplantwithleaves,andare

producedwhenaplantexperiencesphysicaldamage.Anexampleofthesecompoundsisthesmellreleasedfrom

fresh-cutgrass.

Inthenewstudy,Masatsuguandhiscolleaguesmanuallydamagedleavesandplacedinsectsontomatoplantsto

triggerthereleaseofvariousgreenleafyvolatiles.Aftertestingmanyofthem,theteamfounditseemedto

increasecalciumions（鈣離子）insidecells.Thecalciumsignalingislikeaswitchtoturnonthedefense

responsesfromtheplants.

Withthisnewunderstanding,researcherssayplantscouldbeimmunizedagainstthreatsandstressorsbeforethey

evenhappen.Forinstance,exposinghealthyplantstoinsect-riddenplantsortheassociatedgreenleafyvolatiles

couldboosttheirgeneticdefenses,sofarmersuselesspesticides.Therevelationcouldalsohelpmakeplantsmore

resilient（有復(fù)原力的）duringadrought,signalingtheplantstoconservemorewater.

8.Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?

A.Treescaninformothertreesofpotentialthreats.

B.Treescanmakethemselvesattractive.

C.Treeswillsendsignalsfirstoncedamaged.

D.Treeswillworktogethertotrickinsects.

9.Whatcanbelearntaboutgreenleafyvolatiles?

A.Theydefendinsects.B.Theykillinsects.

C.Someofthemcanbesmelt.D.Someofthemcanbeseen.

10.HowwasthestudycarriedoutbyMasatsugu?

A.Byprotectingtreesfrominsects.

B.Byclassifyinggreenleafyvolatiles.

C.Byincreasingcalciumionsinsidecells.

D.Bycausingthereleaseofcertainchemicals.

11.Whataspectofthenewstudydoesthelastparagraphfocuson?

A.Itstarget.B.Itsprocess.

C.Itsapplication.D.Itsbackground.

D

Renewableenergysourcescanhelpcombatclimatechange,butdietarychoicesalsoplayasignificantrole.Opting

forplant-baseddietsorlab-grownfoodcanreducegreenhousegasemissionsfromthefoodsystem.Wehighlight

thepotentialofdietarychangesandtheimportanceofprovidingchoicesinsteadofmandates（命令）.

Researchshowsthataglobalshifttowardsvegetarian（素食的）dietscouldcutemissionsfromfoodsystemby

overhalf.Evensmallchangestowardsplant-baseddietscanhaveameaningfulimpact.Substitutingconventional

foodwithlab-grownalternativescouldprevent1degreeoffuturewarming.Thesefindingsdemonstratethepower

ofdietarychangesinaddressingclimatechallenges.

Dietarychoicesareinfluencedbyfactorslikeculture,religion,andeconomics.ltisunrealistictoexpecteveryone

tobecomevegetarianimmediately.Respectingindividualchoicesiscrucialinpromotingsustainablediets.By

offeringinformationandraisingawareness,individualscanmakechoicesaccordingtotheirneedsandvalues

whilecontributingtocollectiveefforts.

Transformingindustrialfoodproductionisnecessary,butindividualchoicesarestillvital.Educationand

awarenesscampaignscaninformpeopleabouttheenvironmentalimpactofdifferentdietarychoicesandempower

themtomakeinformeddecisions.Combiningindividualactionswithsystematicchangescancreateapowerful

forceforhumanhealthandtheplanet,Ratherthanexpectingimmediatevegetarianism,acknowledgingthe

impactofsmallchangesisimportant.Gradualshiftstowardsmoresustainabledietarychoices,likereducing

animalproductconsumptionandincreasingvegetableintake,canresultinsignificantenvironmentalbenefits

whenmultipliedacrosspopulations.

Inconclusion,addressingclimatechangerequiresmultipleapproaches,withdietarychoicesplayingacrucial

role.Offeringchoiceswhilerecognizingthechallengesassociatedwithdietaryshiftsisessential.Bycombining

personaldietarychangeswithbroadereffortstoreshapethefoodsystem,wecanmakesubstantialprogress

towardsahealthierplanetwhilerespectingindividualpreferences.

12.Whichisadietarychoicetoreducegreenhousegasemissions?

A.Choosingplant-baseddiets.

B.Choosingrenewableenergysources.

C.Givingthecommandfordietarychanges.

D.Increasingconsumptionofprocessedfood.

13.Howdoestheauthorshowtheeffectsofdietarychangesinparagraph2?

A.Byansweringquestions.B.Bylistingafigure.

C.Byanalyzingthereasons.D.Byusingaquotation.

14.What*stheauthor'sattitudetowardssmalldietarychanges?

A.Indifferent.B.Skeptical.C.Favorable.D.Objective.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Smallchangesinlifechoicescanmakebigimpacts

B.Renewableenergysourcescanreducegasemissions

C.Lab-grownnutritionalfoodcouldpreventfuturewarming

D.Thepowerofdietarychoicesinfightingclimatechange

二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共10分。

Tobringachildtolife,themothergoesthroughsleeplessnights,uncomfortablemorningsandexcruciating(極

痛苦的)birthpains.Andthefathersupportsthemotherandtakescareofthechildlikeasuperhero.(1)

Therearemanywaysinwhichyoucanconveyyourlovetoyourfriendsandspouse.Buthowdoyouexpressyour

loveandgratitudetoyourparents?Herearesometips.

(2)Parentsneverplantohaveabadrelationshipwiththeirchildren.However,thingscangowrong,

especiallysinceparentingisoneofthetoughestthingstodo.Whenyoucreatepositivethoughtsaboutyour

parents,youwillbemorelikelytorespectandlovethem.

Makethemyourpriority.Youwereyourparents'priorityonceandstillare.Maybeyourmotherleftherjobtolook

afteryouoryourfatherworkedextrahourstoensurethatyouhavebetterchancesinlifethanhehad.Sincetheday

youwerebom,mostoftheirdecisionswerebasedonyou.(3)

Calmthemdownwhentheyareangry.(4)Evenifyoufeeltense,trytorestrainyourselfandavoid

sayingbadwords.Withage,yourparentsmaybecomecapricious(反復(fù)無常的).Don'tpayattentiontowhat

theyaresayingiftheyareonlyspeakingoutofanger.

Ifyoudisagreewiththem,don'tberudetothem.Youmightnotagreewithmanyofyourparents'opinions,and

youmightberight.(5)Youcanstillhearthemoutandthenmakeyourowndecisions.Good

communicationcanbridgethegenerationgapbetweenyouandyourparents.

A.Respectandbegratefultoyourparents.

B.Therefore,it'stimeforyoutoreturnthefavour.

C.Developapositiveattitudetowardsyourparents.

D.Theydoalloftheseinthehopeofagoodlifefortheirchild.

E.Butyoushouldstillasktheiropinionsbeforemakingadecision.

F.However,youdon*thavetomakeapointbyloudlydisagreeingwiththem.

G.Betolerantofyourparentswhentheyareinabadmoodandtrynottoupsetthem.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

三、完形填空：本大題共20小題，共30分。

In1997,BenLyons,a5thgraderofOakRidgeSchoolinSandwich,Massachusetts,sentamessageinabottle

outatsea.Hedidsoaspartofa(1)projectaboutoceancurrents.Inhisletter,Ben(2)some

questionsforwhoevermight(3)hisbottle.QuestionsfromBen(4)：Wheredidyoufindthe

bottle?Whataretheconditionsofthebottle?”Ifyoucould,please(5)thequestionsandreturnto

Ben,"the5thgrader(6)onapieceofpaper."Thankyou.BenLyonsfromOakRidgeSchoolin

Sandwich,Massachusetts."

Overthecourseofdecades,Ben's(7)traveled3,300milesacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Nowinhis

30s,Ben(8)hasaresponsetohismessagefroma(n)(9)fisherman.Ratherthan

replyingwithanother(10),thefishermanchosethesaferandfaster(11)aletterinthe

mail.He(12)ittoBenaccordingtothemessage,leavingtheschoolsecretariespuzzledasthey

searchedforthis(13)5thgrader.Finally,theyhadtoopenitto(14)whytheyweren'tgoing

tofindBenatschoolanymore.

Intheresponse,theretiredfisherman(15)thathefoundthebottleonabeachinLesSables-

d'Olonne,France.Hewaswalkingaroundcleaningthe(16)whenhefoundthebottleanditwassealed

sotightwithwax(蠟)thathehadareally(17)timeopeningit.

"Its(18)thatthekidscanstudytheoceansandcurrentsfromthis,"Bensaidafterbeinggiventhe

letterthroughthe(19)oftheschoolsecretaries."Whata(20)waytoconnectwithsomeone

fromtheothersideoftheworld!"!

21.A.societyB.historyC.scienceD.finance

22.A.revisedB.posedC.answeredD.collected

23.A.comeacrossB.gothroughC.comeupD.goabout

24.A.organizedB.centredC.includedD.reported

25.A.filloutB.takeinC.makeupD.getthrough

26.A.paintedB.whisperedC.spokeD.wrote

27.A.possessionB.willC.hopeD.message

28.A.formallyB.finallyC.immediatelyD.curiously

29.A.richB.wiseC.retiredD.experienced

30.A.partnerB.styleC.letterD.bottle

31.A.routeB.contentC.titleD.topic

32.A.recommendedB.broughtC.addressedD.applied

33.A.intelligentB.mysteriousC.powerfulD.unique

34.A.doubtB.commentC.guideD.discover

35.A.explainedB.imaginedC.pretendedD.remembered

36.A.currentB.waxC.beachD.fish

37.A.usualB.goodC.rareD.hard

38.A.pitifulB.strangeC.greatD.natural

39.A.effortB.lectureC.evidenceD.principle

40.A.minorB.funC.formalD.worthy

四、語法填空：本大題共1小題，共15分。

41.Fosterhomesplay(1)crucialroleinprovidingasafeandnurturingenvironmentfor(2)

(pet)awaitingadoption.Accordingtoareport,manypetsheltersandrescueorganizationsrequirefosterhomes

toaccommodatehomelesspets.Unfortunately,due(3)adeclineinvolunteers,severalpetshelters

havehadtoshutdown,(4)(lead)toanincreaseinhomelesspets.Meanwhile,morepetsarebeing

surrenderedbyowners(5)areeithertooilltocareforthemorunabletoaffordtheirupkeep.

(6)(address)thisissue,theArizonaHumaneSocietyinPhoenix(7)(introduce)a

convenientdrive-upserviceuptonow.Volunteersinterestedinfosteringpetscansimplysendatextuponarrival,

andshelterstaffwillpromptlybringthenecessarypaperworktotheircar,promotingthefosterprocess.(8)

(current),thereare345petsfromtheshelterbenefitingfromfostercare.However,theneedforpet

fosterspersistsnationwide.Ifyou*reinterested,don'thesitatetocontactapetshelter(9)rescue

organizationnearyou.Welcomingafurrycompanionintoyourhomeisa(10)(reward)experience,

aspetsbringimmensejoyandfulfillmenttopeople'slives.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

⑺

⑻

（9）

（10）

五、短文改錯：本大題共1小題，共10分。

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯

誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：

（1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

（2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

IpreferredmyEnglishclassestobetaughtonlyinEnglish,becauseitishelpfulforustoimproveanabilityto

speakandlisten.

IhavestronginterestedinEnglishandforeignculture,soI'dliketobetotalabsorbedintheatmosphereof

English.!canquicklymakeaprogress.However,sinceweareallEnglishbeginners,it'sreallyhardunderstand

thewordswhichisdifficult.Theyneedmotherlanguagetounderstandsometime.

SomyviewpointisthatweshoulduseChineseasaminorwaytoexplainsomethingwhichisdifficultforstudents.

六、書面表達(dá)：本大題共1小題，共25分。

43.假定你是李華，上周日，你參加了學(xué)校組織的學(xué)生進(jìn)社區(qū)關(guān)懷老年人的志愿者活動。請你給外國朋友

Tom寫一封郵件，分享這次難忘的經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）活動主題和目的；

（2）活動過程；

（3）活動收獲。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

答案和解析

1?3.【答案】B、A、B

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Invention2介紹內(nèi)容Theresearcherssaidthetoolcanleadtofurthersystems

farmerscanusetoimprovetheproductivityandwell-beingoftheiranimals.（研究人員表示，該工具可以弓|導(dǎo)

農(nóng)民使用進(jìn)一步的系統(tǒng)來提高他們的動物的生產(chǎn)力和福祉。）可知，第二個發(fā)明可以幫助農(nóng)民提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品

的產(chǎn)量，因此可以間接地提高他們的收入。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題o根據(jù)Invention1介紹內(nèi)容Buttheteamsaidtheexperimentsshowedthatwithjustonenight

ofsleep,theAIsystemcancorrectlyidentifyParkinson'sdiseaseupto86%ofthetime.（但該團(tuán)隊表示，實驗表

明，只需一個晚上的睡眠，人工智能系統(tǒng)就能在高達(dá)86%的時間內(nèi)正確識別帕金森病。）和Invention3介

紹內(nèi)容Theteamsaidsuchasystemcanbeusedacrossmanydifferentfields,includingthehealthcare,foodand

fragranceindustries,Theresearchersreportedthatthesystemcanbeusedtohelpfightoneoftheworld'sbiggest

healthproblems—diseasesspreadthroughinsects.（研究小組表示，這種系統(tǒng)可以應(yīng)用于許多不同的領(lǐng)域，包

括醫(yī)療保健、食品和香水行業(yè)。研究人員報告說，該系統(tǒng)可以用來幫助對抗世界上最大的健康問題之一-

通過昆蟲傳播的疾病。）可知，這兩個發(fā)明的共同之處在于它們都對人們的健康有所幫助。故選A。

（3）推理判斷題o根據(jù)Invention4介紹內(nèi)容Theteamsaidthatwhenhistoriansworkedontheirown,the

successrateforrepairingdamagedinscriptionswasabout25%.ButwhenhumansteamedupwithIthacatoassistin

theirwork,thesuccessratejumpedto72%.（該團(tuán)隊表示，當(dāng)歷史學(xué)家獨自工作時，修復(fù)損壞銘文的成功率

約為25虬但當(dāng)人類與伊薩卡合作協(xié)助他們的工作時，成功率躍升至72%。）可知，歷史學(xué)家通過利用這

個發(fā)明，把對古代文字的修復(fù)率從原來的25%提高到了72%。B.Byimprovingtheiraccuracy.（通過提高準(zhǔn)

確性。）符合文意，故選B。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了人工智能領(lǐng)域的四個新發(fā)明。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔

細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項填寫出正確答案。

4?7.【答案】D、A、B、C

【解析】（1）詞義推測題。根據(jù)第一段Lastyear,therewere38studentmembersandafull-timeteacherin

theschoolband.Butoverthesummer,thedirectortookanotherjobandtheschoolboardhadnoapplicantsforthe

vacantposition.（去年，學(xué)校樂隊有38名學(xué)生成員和一名全職教師。但是在整個夏天，指導(dǎo)教師換了一份

工作，學(xué)校董事會沒有人申請這個空缺的職位。）可知，樂隊的指導(dǎo)老師離開了，且該崗位無人申請，這

對樂隊來說是一件令人失望的事情。所以劃線詞意為"一件令人失望的事情”。A.Somethingrewarding-

件有回報的事情；B.Somethingdemanding.一件要求高的事情；C.Somethingfrightening.一件令人害怕的

事情；D.Somethingdisappointing.一件令人失望的事情。故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。tS?M3i?："Severalmembersswitchedinstrumentsandsomeevenlearntbrandnewones,"

Haileysays.（"一些成員更換了樂器，一些人甚至學(xué)會了全新的樂器，”海莉說。）可知，樂隊里的一些成

員學(xué)習(xí)了全新的樂器，即他們重新定義了他們的角色，克服了困難。故選A。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Totheirsurprise,agroupofstudentsmadepostersforthebandandhung

themattheentrancetothefootballfield."Wethoughtsomepeopledidn'tevenknowwestillhadaband,"says

Jadyn.Buttheirclassmateshadbeenpayingattentionandwantedtomaketheirfirstgamespecial.Andtheirschool

won.（令他們驚訝的是，一群學(xué)生為樂隊制作了海報，并把它們掛在了足球場的入口處?！蔽覀円詾橛行?/p>

人甚至不知道我們還有一支樂隊，"Jadyn說。但他們的同學(xué)一直在關(guān)注他們，想讓他們的第一場比賽與眾

不同。他們的學(xué)校贏了。）可知，他們的第一次公開表演非常成功。故選B。

（4）推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，樂隊成員們克服了重重困難，最終在僅有10名成員的情況下仍舊組建

了樂隊，首演也獲得了成功。由此可知，成員們對樂隊很忠誠、投入。故選C。

這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個學(xué)校樂隊在指導(dǎo)老師離開后，學(xué)生們自己組織和管理樂隊，并成功地進(jìn)

行了第一次公開表演的故事。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔

細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

8?11.【答案】A、C、D、C

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Anewstudyrevealsthattreescancommunicateandwarneach

otherofdanger.（一項新的研究表明，樹木可以相互交流并發(fā)出危險警告。）可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)樹木可以告知

其他樹木潛在的威脅。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Oneclassofthesecompoundsarereleasedwhenaplantisinjured：greenleafy

volatiles.Thesearereleasedby,asthenamesuggests,prettymucheverygreenplantwithleaves,andare

producedwhenaplantexperiencesphysicaldamage.Anexampleofthesecompoundsisthesmellreleasedfrom

fresh-cutgrass.（其中一類化合物是在植物受傷時釋放出來的：綠葉揮發(fā)物。顧名思義，這些物質(zhì)是由幾乎

每一種有葉子的綠色植物釋放的，是在植物受到物理損傷時產(chǎn)生的。這些化合物的一個例子是新鮮割草釋

放出的氣味。）可知，一些綠葉揮發(fā)物可以被聞到。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Inthenewstudy,Masatsuguandhiscolleaguesmanuallydamagedleavesand

placedinsectsontomatoplantstotriggerthereleaseofvariousgreenleafyvolatiles.（在這項新的研究中，

Masatsugu和他的同事手動損壞葉片，并將昆蟲放在番茄植株上，以引發(fā)各種綠葉揮發(fā)物的釋放。）可

知，研究人員通過引發(fā)某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的釋放來進(jìn)行研究。故選D。

（4）段落大意題。卞艮據(jù)最后——段Withthisnewunderstanding,researcherssayplantscouldbeimmunized

againstthreatsandstressorsbeforetheyevenhappen.Forinstance,exposinghealthyplantstoinsect-riddenplants

ortheassociatedgreenleafyvolatilescouldboosttheirgeneticdefenses,sofarmersuselesspesticides.（研究人

員表示，有了這一新的認(rèn)識，植物甚至可以在威脅和壓力發(fā)生之前就對其進(jìn)行免疫。例如，將健康的植物

暴露在昆蟲肆虐的植物或相關(guān)的綠葉揮發(fā)物中，可以增強(qiáng)它們的基因防御能力，因此農(nóng)民使用更少的殺蟲

劑。）可知，本段主要講述了這個新發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一一樹木之間可以相互交流并警告彼此有危險。

考查說明文。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。

12?15.【答案】A、B、C、D

【解析1（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Optingforplant-baseddietsorlab-grownfoodcanreduce

greenhousegasemissionsfromthefoodsystem.（選擇植物性飲食或?qū)嶒炇曳N植的食物可以減少食物系統(tǒng)的溫

室氣體排放。）可知，選擇植物性飲食是一種減少溫室氣體排放的飲食選擇。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Researchshowsthataglobalshifttowardsvegetarian（素食的）diets

couldcutemissionsfromfoodsystembyoverhalf.（研究表明，全球向素食飲食的轉(zhuǎn)變可以將食品系統(tǒng)的排

放量減少一半以上。）可知，作者通過列舉一個數(shù)字來說明飲食變化的影響。故選B。

（3）觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Bycombiningpersonaldietarychangeswithbroadereffortstoreshape

thefoodsystem,wecanmakesubstantialprogresstowardsahealthierplanetwhilerespectingindividual

preferences.（通過將個人飲食改變與重塑糧食系統(tǒng)的更廣泛努力相結(jié)合，我們可以在尊重個人偏好的同

時，朝著更健康的地球取得實質(zhì)性進(jìn)展。）可知，作者對于為應(yīng)對氣候變化，人們改變飲食選擇的態(tài)度是

支持的。A.Indifferent冷漠的；B.Skeptical懷疑的；C.Favorable支持的；D.Objective客觀的。故選

Co

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二段Researchshowsthataglobalshifttowardsvegetarian（素食的）diets

couldcutemissionsfromfoodsystembyoverhalf.Evensmallchangestowardsplant-baseddietscanhavea

meaningfulimpact（研究表明，全球向素食飲食的轉(zhuǎn)變可以將食物系統(tǒng)的排放量減少一半以上。即使是對

植物性飲食的微小改變也會產(chǎn)生有意義的影響。）以及全文可知，文章主要討論了飲食選擇的變化對環(huán)境

產(chǎn)生的影響，選項D.Thepowerofdietarychoicesinfightingclimatechange（飲食選擇在應(yīng)對氣候變化中的

力量）符合本文標(biāo)題。故選D。

這是一篇議論文。本文主要討論了飲食選擇的變化對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的影響，指出即使是小的飲食選擇的變化也

會對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生大的影響。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔

細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

16?20.【答案】D、C、B、G、F

【解析】（1）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上句Tobringachildtolife,themothergoesthroughsleeplessnights,

uncomfortablemorningsandexcruciating（極痛苦的）birthpains.Andthefathersupportsthemotherandtakes

careofthechildlikeasuperhero.（為了孕育一個孩子，母親要熬過不眠之夜，熬過不舒服的早晨，熬過難

以忍受的分娩陣痛。父親像超級英雄一樣照顧著母親和孩子）可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)對父母做出的努力進(jìn)行總

結(jié)，D項”他們做這一切都是希望他們的孩子能過上好口子”符合語境。故選D。

（2）主旨?xì)w納題。設(shè)空處概括本段內(nèi)容，為本段主旨句，設(shè)空處與上下段的首句句式保持一致，即應(yīng)是

祈使句。根據(jù)本段Parentsneverplantohaveabadrelationshipwiththeirchildren.（父母從不打算和他們的孩

子有不好的關(guān)系）可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為應(yīng)采用積極的態(tài)度對待父母。C項”培養(yǎng)對父母的積極態(tài)度”符合語

境。故選C。

（3）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上句Sincethedayyouwerebom,mostoftheirdecisionswerebasedonyou.（從你出

生的那一天起，他們的大多數(shù)決定都是基于你）可知，父母大多數(shù)決定都是基于孩子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為回報父

母,B項”因此，現(xiàn)在是你回報的時候了”符合語境。故選B。

（4）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上句Calmthemdownwhentheyareangry.（當(dāng)他們生氣時，讓他們冷靜下來）可

知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為當(dāng)父母生氣的時候，應(yīng)該怎么辦，G項"當(dāng)你的父母心情不好時，要寬容他們，盡量不要讓

他們難過”符合語境。故選G。

（5）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上句Youmightnotagreewithmanyofyourparents'opinions,andyoumightberight.

（你可能不同意你父母的許多觀點，你可能是對的）可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為和父母的意見不一致時應(yīng)該怎么

辦。F項“然而，你不必通過大聲反對他們來表明你的觀點”符合語境。故選F。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種向父母表達(dá)愛的技巧。

七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀，和完形填空很類似，不同的是一個選詞，一個選句子。解題時，要注意上下文

語境，充分考慮信息詞（選項中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞），選出最符合語境的句子。

21?40.【答案】C、B、A、C、A、D、D、B、C、D、A、C、B、D、A、C、D、C、A、B

【解析】（1）考查名詞及語境理解。A.society社會；B.history歷史；C.science科學(xué)；D.finance金融。句

意：他這樣做是作為一個關(guān)于洋流的科學(xué)項目的一部分。根據(jù)下文"projectaboutoceancurrents"可知，這是

一個關(guān)于洋流的科學(xué)項目的一部分。故選C。