2022年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)英語動(dòng)詞共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，最基本常用的有:現(xiàn)在:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去:一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，（過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）將來:一般將來時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，（將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）★一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1.表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征、能力、客觀存在或真理。句中常用always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday等時(shí)間狀語Tomgoestoworkeveryday.（經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作）Themachinerunssmoothly.（特征）Heisveryhappy.（現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)）Theearthmovesaroundthesun.（客觀真理）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法:1.在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作0I'llgotoseeyouwhenIhavetime.I'llgotoseeyouifIhavetimetomorrow.2.某些動(dòng)詞,如：stand,continue,wish,love,like,hate,feel,find,think等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)Helovesnature.Iwishtobebacksoon.★現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：1.表示從過去某一時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞?！?/p>

Ihavesathoursintheclassroomreadinganovel.Theweatherhasbeencoldsofarthiswinter.2.表示過去某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，謂語動(dòng)詞常為非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。Haveyoueverconsideredmovingtothesouth?★現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：1.表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Arethestudentsdancing?Look,someswansareflyingpast!2.表示目前這段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Heiswritinghisnewnovelthesedays.ThoseAmericansarelearningChineseinBeijing.★現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：have/hasbeendoing1.表示發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的，動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)不停頓。Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.Wherehaveyoubeenlivingtheseyears?2.表示不久前剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。Sorry,Pmlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitinghere?補(bǔ)充說明：下列動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：1-表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：seem,look（看起來）,appear,have（有），belongto,own,hold（容納）Thisbookbelongstome.Heappearsveryangry.2.表示知道、信念、理解、知識(shí)、，.…懷疑、希望等含義的動(dòng)詞，如：know,forget,remember,understand,see,think,believe,hope,doubt等Idon'tunderstandwhyhedidit.IhopeIcanpasstheexam.一般過去時(shí)態(tài):1.表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday,lastweek,duringthenightHesuddenlyfellillyesterday.Heworkedinafactoryin2004.2.表示過去經(jīng)常做的動(dòng)作WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenhadalongwalkaftersupper.VA★過去完成時(shí)態(tài)：在時(shí)間含義上是“過去的過去"，因此句子中一般都有一個(gè)一個(gè)明確的狀語或'狀與從句來表示過去的時(shí)間。IhadstudiedinBeijingforthreeyearsbythen.Untilthenhehadknownnothingaboutit.ShehadonlybeenherefortenminuteswhenJimcamein.幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：編一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)：Hekeepsdoingmorningexerciseto>keepfit.Hefeltcoldsohesatclosertothefire.4*一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：Heopenedthedoor.Hehasopenedthedoor.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和過去完成時(shí)態(tài):Hehaslivedheresincehecamehere.Hehadlivedherebeforehewentabroad.一般將來時(shí)(will,shall)1.表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如\/tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nextSundayWewillhaveadictationtomorrow.Hewillbebackinafewdays.2.表示一種傾向或一種固有特性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。意為“慣于，總是”Whenitgetswarmer,thesnowwillstarttomelt.Willyou/Shallwe(I)dosth.請(qǐng)你/讓我們做某事，好嗎?Willyoupleaseopenthedoor?Shallwegonow?一般將來時(shí)的其它形式:1,begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形：多用于口語中，表示即將發(fā)生的事或近期最近打算。進(jìn)行的事Ifsgoingtosnow.Thechildrenaregoingtohaveapartytoday.2.beto+動(dòng)詞原形：表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事，或征求對(duì)方意見Wearetotaketheexamnextweek.Arewetogoonwiththiswork?3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多于表示以東的動(dòng)詞(come,go,arrive,leave…)連用HeisleavingforLondontomorrow.Christmasisdrawingnear.動(dòng)詞的語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者各種時(shí)態(tài)中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：am/is/are+過去分詞一般過去時(shí)態(tài)：was/were+過去分詞一般將來時(shí)態(tài)：will/shallbe+過去分詞進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):bebeing+過去分詞完成時(shí)態(tài):have/has/hadbeen+過去分詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞Wearetoldthattherewillbeameetingthisafternoon.Iwasinvitedtoconcert-Thematterwillbelookedintoassoonaspossible.Thehouseisbeingrepaired.Thenewbridgehasbeenbuilt.Thesebooksmustbereturnedinthreedays.下列情況下常用被動(dòng)語態(tài):善不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者:PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.沒有必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：Iwasnotborninthiscity.要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí):Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboywholivesnextdoor.?當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)：Wewereshockedbythenewsofhisdeath.使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的重點(diǎn)：1.只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)Hewassurprisedbythenews.\JHewascome,x2.除了含雙賓語的動(dòng)詞外，一般動(dòng)詞a的被動(dòng)語態(tài)行時(shí)不帶賓語。Theywillbegivenmoretimetofinishthework.ThenovelwaswrittenbyDickens.練X習(xí)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.Sheleft

(leave)theofficetwohoursago.2.Assonasshearrivedhome,thegirldiscoveredthatshehadtaken

(take)herfriendsbookbymistake.3.Whocomes

(come)toschoolearliestinyourclasseverymorning?4.Greatchangeshavetakenplace(takeplace)inthiscitysince1979.5-Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegun

(begin)tosellnewspapers.6.Heusuallylistenstotheradio,butnowheiswatching

(watch)TV.7.Bytheendofthiscentury,wehad>built

(build)ourcountryintoastrongmodernone.8.Themanhadhoped

(hope)tocatchthelasttrain,buthewastoolate.9.Theboyswereplaying

(play)basketballfrom5:00to6:00yesterday-10.?Haveyouseenthatwonderfulfilm??No,Iwillsee

(see)itnextMonday.11.Asshewasreading

(read)thenewspaper,Grannyfellasleep.12.JdorftthinkJimsawme;hewasstaring

(st