高考英語閱讀細節(jié)理解題三步法帶練(18)講義

一、高考英語閱讀細節(jié)題三步法：第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關鍵詞相關的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關系和段間邏輯關系（因果，遞進，解釋，轉折，對比，比較等關系）第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)高考英語閱讀細節(jié)題三步法帶練WheneverSongJingvisitsamuseum,shewillcheckoutthesectiononancientbooks.Besidesappreciatingthewisdomhiddeninthesehistoricalvolumes,shealsofocusesonhowtheyarebound（裝幀）andpresented.“It’smorelikeaforceofhabitcausedbymyjob,”saidSong.This34-year-old“bookdoctor”hasbeenworkingintherestorationdepartmentforancientbooksattheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijing,sinceshefinishedherculturalrelicprotectionstudiescourseatPekingUniversityin2015．Uptonow,shehasbeenengagedinrestoringmorethan100ancientculturalrelies.Atthemoment,SongandhercolleaguesareworkingonrestoringacopyofYongleDadian,anencyclopediacreatedin1408．Unfortunately,mostofitsbooksthathavesurviveduntiltodayhavesuffereddamagetotheiroriginalbinding.“Torestorethemtotheiroriginalform,weneedtogatherinformationfromvarioussources,suchasimagesandtexts,beforewecanmakesuretheiroriginalbindingstyleandrepairthemaccordingly,”sheexplained.Moreover,theancientencyclopedia’ssilktextureandcolorhavebothgrowninconsistent,whichmakescreatingthenecessaryrawmaterialsandmatchingthecolordifficult.Inthepast,restorershadtorelyontheirexperiencetodeterminetheappropriatematerialstouseforaproject.Astechnologyhasevolved,theyareabletouseanewmethodtofinishthetaskthroughmicroscopes.However,technologycanonlyhelpsomuch,asancientbooksrestorationstillrequiresessentialmanualskills,includingcuttingandbrushingpaperandbinding.Apartfromthis,therestorationalsorequiresstrongcontrolwhenbrushingthepaper.“Ifthepressureisnotproperlycontrolledduringthebrushingprocess,thepapermaytear,butifthetouchistoolight,thepaperwon’tadhere（黏附）,”Songexplained.Owingtothemeaningfulandcomplexprocess,theancientbooksrestorationtechniqueofthenationallibrarywaslistedasanational-levelintangibleculturalheritagein2008.“Hopefully,Icanbeofsomehelpininspiringmoreyoungpeopletofindtheirlifelongpassioninthefieldofculturalheritagepreservation,”saidSong.1．WhyisSongJingcalleda“bookdoctor”?A．Sheworksintherestorationdepartment.B．Shefocusesonthebindingofancientbooks.C．Sheisdevotedtotheancientbooksrestoration.D．Sheenjoyscheckingoutancientbooksinamuseum.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向1．WhyisSongJingcalleda“bookdoctor”?為什么宋晶被稱為“書醫(yī)”第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關鍵詞相關的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關系和段間邏輯關系（因果，遞進，解釋，轉折，對比，比較等關系）This34-year-old“bookdoctor”hasbeenworkingintherestorationdepartmentforancientbooksattheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijing,sinceshefinishedherculturalrelicprotectionstudiescourseatPekingUniversityin2015．Uptonow,shehasbeenengagedinrestoringmorethan100ancientculturalrelies.這位34歲的“書醫(yī)”自2015年畢業(yè)于北京大學文物保護專業(yè)后，一直在北京中國國家圖書館古籍修復部工作。到目前為止，她已經(jīng)修復了100多件古文化文物。第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)1．WhyisSongJingcalleda“bookdoctor”?為什么宋晶被稱為“書醫(yī)”A．Sheworksintherestorationdepartment.她在修復部工作。B．Shefocusesonthebindingofancientbooks.她專注于古書的裝訂。C．Sheisdevotedtotheancientbooksrestoration.她致力于古籍修復工作。（原文直接對應）D．Sheenjoyscheckingoutancientbooksinamuseum.她喜歡在博物館里翻閱古書。2．Whatisachallengeintherestorationoftheencyclopedia?A.EditingtextsB．GatheringimagesC．GoingwiththecolorD．Identifyingrawmaterials第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向2．Whatisachallengeintherestorationoftheencyclopedia?修復百科全書的挑戰(zhàn)是什么第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關鍵詞相關的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關系和段間邏輯關系（因果，遞進，解釋，轉折，對比，比較等關系）Atthemoment,SongandhercolleaguesareworkingonrestoringacopyofYongleDadian,anencyclopediacreatedin1408．Unfortunately,mostofitsbooksthathavesurviveduntiltodayhavesuffereddamagetotheiroriginalbinding.“Torestorethemtotheiroriginalform,weneedtogatherinformationfromvarioussources,suchasimagesandtexts,beforewecanmakesuretheiroriginalbindingstyleandrepairthemaccordingly,”sheexplained.Moreover,theancientencyclopedia’ssilktextureandcolorhavebothgrowninconsistent,whichmakescreatingthenecessaryrawmaterialsandmatchingthecolordifficult.目前，宋和她的同事們正在修復一部1408年出版的《永樂大典》。不幸的是，大多數(shù)保存至今的書都受到了原始裝幀的損壞。她解釋說:“為了讓它們恢復到原來的樣子，我們需要從各種來源收集信息，比如圖片和文字，然后才能確定它們原來的裝訂風格，并相應地修復它們?！贝送?，古代百科全書的絲綢質地和顏色都變得不一致，這使得創(chuàng)造必要的原料和在顏色匹配變得非常困難。第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)2．Whatisachallengeintherestorationoftheencyclopedia?修復百科全書的挑戰(zhàn)是什么?A.Editingtexts文本編輯B．Gatheringimages圖片收集C．Goingwiththecolor顏色匹配（原文對應）D．Identifyingrawmaterials原材料識別同義替換：challenge=difficult3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSong?A．dedicatedandcarefulB．unselfishandcautiousC．diligentandambitiousD．determinedandcreative第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSong?以下哪一項最能描述宋第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關鍵詞相關的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關系和段間邏輯關系（因果，遞進，解釋，轉折，對比，比較等關系）Inthepast,restorershadtorelyontheirexperiencetodeterminetheappropriatematerialstouseforaproject.Astechnologyhasevolved,theyareabletouseanewmethodtofinishthetaskthroughmicroscopes.However,technologycanonlyhelpsomuch,asancientbooksrestorationstillrequiresessentialmanualskills,includingcuttingandbrushingpaperandbinding.Apartfromthis,therestorationalsorequiresstrongcontrolwhenbrushingthepaper.“Ifthepressureisnotproperlycontrolledduringthebrushingprocess,thepapermaytear,butifthetouchistoolight,thepaperwon’tadhere（黏附）,”Songexplained.在過去，修復者必須依靠他們的經(jīng)驗來確定項目中使用的合適材料。隨著技術的發(fā)展，他們能夠使用一種新的方法通過顯微鏡來完成這項任務。然而，技術只能提供這么多幫助，因為古籍修復仍然需要基本的手工技能，包括剪紙、刷紙和裝訂。除此之外，在刷紙時，修復也需要強有力的控制。“如果在刷牙過程中壓力控制不當，紙張可能會撕裂，但如果觸摸太輕，紙張就會破裂。第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSong?以下哪一項最能描述宋?A．dedicatedandcareful敬業(yè)、細心（原文信息歸納）B．unselfishandcautious無私謹慎C．diligentandambitious勤奮上進D．determinedandcreative有決心和創(chuàng)造力Howgoodareyouatmaths?Fromworkingouthowtosplitthebillafteramealtocalculatingyourhouseholdbills,mathsisallaroundus.SomepeoplelovethechallengeofalgebraorenjoyworkingoutnumberpuzzlessuchasSudoku.Butmanyfearthemomentwhentheyhavetodealwithnumbersandfiguresandfeelarealsenseofworryandconfusion.Itcanseemdaunting,butthis“mathsanxiety”isperfectlynormal,andyou’redefinitelynotalone.TheProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessmentfoundaround31%of15and16-year-oldsacross34countriessaidtheygotverynervousdoingmathsproblems,33%saidtheygottensedoingmathshomework,andnearly60%saidtheyworriedmathsclasseswouldbedifficult.Otherstudieshaveshownthattheproblemreallystartsinchildhood,atschool.Mathsteacherswhoarenervousaboutteachingthesubjectcanpassontheiranxietytothepupils,andgirlsmaybemorelikelytobeaffected.WritingforBBCFuture,DavidRobsonsays“It’snotclearwhymathsarousessomuchfearcomparedtogeography.Butthefactthatthere’sarightorwronganswer—there’snoroomforbluffing—mightmakeyoumoreworriedaboutunderperforming.”Andonceweassumewe’renota“mathsperson”,weavoidsolvingthingsthatweprobablycoulddo.Psychologistshavebeentryingtoworkoutwaystoaddress“mathsanxiety”.ShulamitKahn,fromBostonUniversity’sQuestromSchoolofBusiness,toldtheBBCshebelievesgivingstudents,particularlygirls,goodrolemodels“iscritical,especiallyatayoungage”.Shethinksthekeyistogetpeople,especiallywomen,wholoveteachingmathstoyoungerchildren.Otherssuggestthatarticulatingyourfearscanloosentheirholdonyou,andencouragechildrentoseeamathstestasachallenge,notathreat.Ideally,weneedtovoiceourconcernandthinkpositively.Let’sgivemathsasecondchance.1．WhatdoesDavidRobsonsayabouttheproblem?A．Thecauseoffearformathsisevident.B．Theanswerstomathsquestionsareambiguous.C．Ourself-distrustkeepsusformsolvingmathsproblem.D．Theaccuracyofmathsanswersmayleadtomathsanxiety.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向1．WhatdoesDavidRobsonsayabouttheproblem?大衛(wèi)·羅布森對這個問題說了什么?第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關鍵詞相關的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關系和段間邏輯關系（因果，遞進，解釋，轉折，對比，比較等關系）WritingforBBCFuture,DavidRobsonsays“It’snotclearwhymathsarou