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七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法總匯
(―?動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法
我⑴用am,你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定,
更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。
—?this,that和it用法
(l)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。
(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this,距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用thato如:
Thisisaflower.這是一朵花。(近處)
Thatisatree,那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)
⑶放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說this,后說that。如:
Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。
⑷向別人介紹某人時(shí)說Thisis…,不說Thatis…。如:
ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom,這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。
(5)Thisis不能縮寫,而Thatis可以縮寫。如:
Thisisabike.That'sacar.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
(6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this,詢問對(duì)方用that。如:
一Hello!IsthatMissGreen?喂,是格林小姐嗎?
一Yes,thisis.Who*sthat?是的,我是,你是誰?
注意:雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”,但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說:Iam…,Areyou…?/Whoare
you?
⑺在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí),要用it代替this或that。如:
①一Isthisanotebook?這是筆記本嗎?
一Yes,itis.是的,它是。
②一What'sthat?那是什么?
一Ifsakite,是只風(fēng)箏。
三.these和those用法
this,that,these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或
事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。
?Thisismybed.ThatisLily'sbed,這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②Thesepicturesaregood,那些畫很好。
③Arethoseappletrees?那些是蘋果樹嗎?
在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如:
④Arethese/thoseyourapples?這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?
Yes,theyare.是的,他們是。
四.不定冠詞a和an
a和an都是不定冠詞,表示一(個(gè),支,本,塊……)的意思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別,用來
限定名詞。a用在輔音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞前,如:apencil(一支鉛筆),abook(一本書);an用在元音音素開
頭的名詞前,如aneraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語,用a還是用an,則以該修飾語的第一音素決
定用還是用如:
aano
aclock一座鐘anoldclock一座舊鐘abook一本書anEnglishbook一本英語書
aniceapple一個(gè)可愛的蘋果anapple一個(gè)蘋果
五.名詞+'s所有格
單數(shù)名詞后直接加“‘S"
Jim'scoat吉姆的外套Jeff*smother杰夫的媽媽
名
詞+,S
所有格
以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“”
Teachers1Day教師節(jié)thetwins'books雙胞胎的書
不以S結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加一S”
Children'sDay兒童節(jié)men'sshoes男式鞋
表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's
表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加's
LucyandLily,smother露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽)
Lucy'sandKate'srooms露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)
六.Therebe句型
(l)Therebe句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)?!逼浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“Therebe+某物(某
人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義;主語是be后面的名詞,be是謂語動(dòng)詞,在一般
現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記therebe句型結(jié)構(gòu):
Therebe放句首,主語跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末,強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如:
Thereisabookonthedesk.
有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),也可把介詞短語放在句首。如:
Onthedeskthereisabook.
(2)Therebe句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣:
Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。"Therebe"真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用
is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:
①Thereisatreebehindthehouse.
②Thereissomewater(水)inthebottle(瓶子).
③Therearesomepearsinthebox.
(3)注意:如果"be"后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親
不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說,,'be"的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不
可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:
①Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.
②Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.
七.like一詞的用法
like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。
(1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:
Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。
(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v.-ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如:
Tomlikesplayingfootball.湯姆喜歡踢足球。
(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(t。d。),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如:
Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening,我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。
八.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),行
為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變化形式(見下表)。如:
句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句
肯定句主語+行為動(dòng)詞原形+其他WespeakChinese.
主語+don,t+行為動(dòng)詞原形+
否定句Wedon'tspeakChinese.
其他
D。+主語+行為動(dòng)詞原形+其
一般疑問句DoyouspeakChinese?
他?
肯定回答Yes,主語+doYes,wedo.
否定回答No,主語+dorTtNo,wedon't.
當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變化如下:
(D肯定句在行為動(dòng)詞原形后+s/es(其構(gòu)成方法與名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)相同)。
(2)否定句用助動(dòng)詞doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形。
⑶一般疑問句則是把助動(dòng)詞does放在句首,后面動(dòng)詞用原形,回答時(shí),肯定用“Yes,主語+does.”
否定用“No,主語+doesn't."。
句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句
肯定句主語+行為動(dòng)詞s/es+其他ShespeaksChinese.
主語+doesn't+行為動(dòng)詞原
否定句Shedoesn'tspeakChinese.
形+其他
Does+主語+行為動(dòng)詞原形+
一般疑問句DoesshespeakChinese?
其他?
肯定回答Yes,主語+doesYes,shedoes.
否定回答No,主語+doesn'tNo,shedoesn't.
九.句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素
⑴主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即一如:
l—we,you-you,she,he,ittheyo
Sheisagirl.—Theyaregirls.
要變?yōu)槿纾?/p>
(2)am,isareo
rmastudent.—>Wearestudents.
⑶不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如:
Heisaboy.—Theyareboys.
⑷普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Itisanapple.—Theyareapples.
⑸指示代詞this,that要變?yōu)閠hese,those。如:
Thisisabox.—Theseareboxes.
十.英語日期的表示法
英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無需用冠詞。
用英語表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?日+年,日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。如:August2nd,2003(2003年8
月2日)。也可以用日+月十年來表示。如:10thMay,2003(2003年5月10日)英語日期前介詞的使用:若
指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞。n。
①Shewasbornin1989
②ShewasborninAugust.
③ShewasborninAugust1989.
④Shewasbornon2ndAugust,1989.
十一.名詞復(fù)數(shù):
在英語里面,名詞分可數(shù)名詞(countablenoun)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountablenoun),不可數(shù)名詞沒
有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用何數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,一個(gè)的前面要用a或an,eg:apencil,abasketball,
adictionary,anegg,anIDcard,而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化,情況如下:
(1)特殊詞,特殊變化,需單獨(dú)記:
child—children,man—^men,foot-feet,woman^women
tooth—teeth,sheep-sheep,deer—deer
⑵一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”:
book—>books,pen—pens,car-^cars,map—maps,cartoon—>cartoons
⑶以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”
box-boxes,watch-watches
⑷以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”
family—families,comedy—?comedies
⑸以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,先去掉f或fe,改成“v"再加es
knife-knives,wife—wives,handkerchief—^handkerchieves
十二.時(shí)間的表達(dá)法
(1)直讀式,即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字
7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteen
(2)過、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過幾分。(以30分為分界線)
1:25twenty-fivepastone2:30halfpasttwo
3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofive
(3)12小時(shí)制
6:00a.m.上午6點(diǎn)8:20p.m,下午8點(diǎn)20分
(4)24小時(shí)制
13:0013點(diǎn)鐘22:1522點(diǎn)15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix
(6)時(shí)間前通常用at.
at5o'clockat7:30p.m.
十三.關(guān)于時(shí)間的問法
⑴以when提問,“什么時(shí)候”可以是較長的時(shí)間段,也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
①Whenisyourbirthday?你的生日是什么時(shí)候?
②MybirthdayisDec.29th.我的生日是12月29日。
這里就是指一天的時(shí)間段
①Whendoyougohome?你幾點(diǎn)回家?
②Igohomeat4:30p.m.我下午4:30回家.
這里when問的是具體的時(shí)間。
⑵具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用whattime提問
①Whattimeisitnow?現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?orWhat'sthetime?幾點(diǎn)了?
Ifs9:26.現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。
②Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?你手表幾點(diǎn)了?
Ifs8:36.Oh,Ifs50minuteslate8:36,哦,它慢了50分鐘。
③Whattimedoyougetup?你幾點(diǎn)起床?
Igetupat6:00a.m.我早上6點(diǎn)起床。
十四.want用法
⑴想干什么用wanttodosth
Theywanttojointhesportsclub,他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。
⑵第三人稱單數(shù)作主語,want要作變化
①Hewantstoplaybasketball.
②LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.
⑶變疑問句,否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞do或does.
①一Doyouwanttoplaysoccerball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.
②-Doeshewanttogohomebybus?-Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't
附贈(zèng)資料:
教師高效教學(xué)的訣竅
高效教學(xué),具體應(yīng)該怎么說呢?我們很難精確地給它下一個(gè)定義,但大家都能清晰地感受到它。學(xué)生、
家長甚至是那些教學(xué)水平般的教師親臨高效教學(xué)的現(xiàn)場時(shí),都能立刻感受到它。但是,能感受到并不代表能在
實(shí)踐中親自做到,盡管水平一般的教師也能夠在優(yōu)秀教師的課堂上體會(huì)到高效教學(xué)的魅力,但他們卻無法在
自己的課堂教學(xué)中像那些優(yōu)秀教師一樣高效。在某種程度上,他們能覺察到自己的不足,但在具體實(shí)踐的時(shí)候
卻不得要領(lǐng),有勁使不出來。如果這些教師能夠掌握教學(xué)的快竅,他們同樣也能高效地教學(xué)。畢竟,教師們都有
一顆上進(jìn)的心。今天我的目的就是要加深教師對(duì)于高效和低效兩種教學(xué)方法的認(rèn)識(shí)。這點(diǎn)十分重要,只有認(rèn)
識(shí)到了,才能在實(shí)踐中分清這兩種教學(xué)方法的不同
今天,我們首先對(duì)下面所列的典型教學(xué)方法做出自己的判斷。
看看它們是屬于高效教學(xué)法,還是屬于低效教學(xué)法。
高效教學(xué)與低效教學(xué)測試:
L講課時(shí)的開場白是:“打開教材,翻到第x頁。”(低效)
2.在課堂上盡量多用體驗(yàn)式教學(xué)法。(高效)
3.和學(xué)生建立起愉快、輕松的師生關(guān)系。(高效)
4.高度依賴書本。(低效)
5.把課本當(dāng)做教學(xué)資源和教學(xué)工具來用。(高效)
6.多微笑。(高效)
7.大部分時(shí)間都顯得很嚴(yán)肅。(低效)
8.教學(xué)實(shí)踐中大量羅列文字。(低效)
9處理學(xué)生問題時(shí)聲調(diào)提高并且表現(xiàn)出失望沮喪的情緒。(低效)
10.任何時(shí)候都表現(xiàn)得冷靜、專業(yè)。(高效)
1L在課堂上多次進(jìn)行有組織的討論活動(dòng)。(高效)
12.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生合作解決問題。(高效)
13.測試中出現(xiàn)的題目不超出課堂教授的內(nèi)容。(高效)
14.測試中出現(xiàn)令學(xué)生感到束手無策的題目。(低效)
15.和學(xué)生陷入激烈的爭吵。(低效)
16.私下里解決個(gè)別學(xué)生的問題。(高效)
17.當(dāng)眾令學(xué)生難堪。(低效)
18.詳細(xì)地準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)細(xì)節(jié),以產(chǎn)生最佳的學(xué)習(xí)效果。(高效)
19.重復(fù)使用同一套教學(xué)計(jì)劃。(低效)
20.不斷學(xué)習(xí)并實(shí)踐新的教學(xué)法。(高效)
21.在課堂教學(xué)中緊密聯(lián)系學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活。(高效)
22拒絕改變。(低效)
23.勇于接納并追求成長和進(jìn)步所必須的變化。(高效)
24.經(jīng)常和學(xué)生談?wù)摲e極向上的話題。(高效)25.經(jīng)常和學(xué)生談?wù)撠?fù)面的話題。(低效)
26.對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生都充滿信心。(高效)
27.盡自己所能和家長保持溝通,讓他們了解到學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)狀
況。(高效)
28.重視學(xué)生的長處。(高效)
29.發(fā)自內(nèi)心地?zé)釔劢虒W(xué)。(高效)
30.認(rèn)為教學(xué)是一件麻煩的事情。(低效)31.經(jīng)常抱怨。(低效)
32.和同事保持良好的關(guān)系,相互促進(jìn)提高。(高效
33.為了學(xué)生的成功奉獻(xiàn)一切。(高效)
34.認(rèn)為每個(gè)學(xué)生都能成功,并平等地對(duì)待每個(gè)人。(高效)
35.不放棄任何一個(gè)學(xué)生。(高效)
我相信你看完上面的教學(xué)方式后一定會(huì)有自己的判斷。但如果你能無所畏懼地面對(duì)自己的內(nèi)心,那么你
一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在實(shí)踐中或多或少存在一些低效的做法。
九年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)期末試卷
學(xué)校姓名準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)
聽力理解(共30分)
一、聽對(duì)話,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇與對(duì)話內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每段對(duì)話你將聽兩遍。
(共5分,每小題1分)
1.
A.B.C.
A.
4.
A.B.C.
5.
A.B.C.
二、聽對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,根據(jù)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的內(nèi)容,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。每段
對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。(共15分,每小題1.5分)
請(qǐng)聽一段對(duì)話,完成第6至第7小題。
6.Whatdayisbetterfortheboytodosports?
A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Wednesday.
7.Whatsportdoestheboylike?
A.Volleyball.B.Basketball.C.Tennis.
請(qǐng)聽一段對(duì)話,完成第8至第9小題。
8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?
A.Schoollife.
B.Familymembers.
C.Peopleattheparty.
9.WhatisJennylike?
A.Sheisfriendly.
B.Sheisboring.
C.Sheisquiet.
請(qǐng)聽一段對(duì)話,完成第10至第11小題。
10.Whatisthemangoingtobuytoday?
A.Awhitesweater.
B.AredT-shirt.
C.Ablueshirt.
11.Howmuchisthemangoingtopay?
A.$30,B.$50.C.$100.
請(qǐng)聽一段對(duì)話,完成第12至第13小題。
12.Wheredoestheboydohisworkexperience?
A.Inarestaurant.B.Atschool.C.Inahotel.
13.Whatdoestheboythinkoftheworkexperience?
A.Goodbutabittiring.
B.Greatbuttooeasy.
C.Hardandboring.
請(qǐng)聽一段獨(dú)白,完成第14至第15小題。
14.Whatisthespeakerdoing?
A.Givingsomesuggestions.
B.Makinganintroduction.
C.Leadingaconversation.
15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?
A.AnInsect'sLifeisascaryfilm.
B.Wecan'twatchPolicewatchtonight.
C.ThetenniscompetitionswillstartinJuly.
三、聽對(duì)話,記錄關(guān)鍵信息,本段對(duì)話你將聽兩遍。(共10分,每小題2分)
請(qǐng)根據(jù)所聽到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容和提示詞語,將所缺的關(guān)鍵信息填寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上。
Shopassistantwanted
Where:16.Melody______Shop,HappyStreet
When:17.every______
Workhours:18.from______amto7:00pm
Whattodo:19.helpcustomersanddosome______
?under18:£5anhour
Payment:
?20.adults:£______anhour
知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共25分)
四、單項(xiàng)填空(共10分,每小題1分)
從下列各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
21.ThehandsomeboyisfromClass2.nameisJohn.
A.HerB.HisC.YourD.Their
22.Wedrove5hoursandfinallygottothecitySundaymorning.
A.onB.atC.ofD.in
23.Wedidnotenjoythedaytheweatherwastoobad.
A.orB.becauseC.butD.so
24.Iknockedonthedoorbutanswered.
A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody
25.Afteralotofhardpracticehewasabletojumpmuchthanbefore.
A.highB.higherC.highestD.thehighest
26.Imyhomeworkonthecomputerwhenthepowerwentout.
A.wasdoingB.willdoC.doD.did
27.Janeisveryfriendly.Sometimessheherneighbourstopartiesattheweekend.
A.inviteB.invitesC.invitedD.willinvite
28.一Doyouknoweachother?
一Ofcourse.Wefriendsforalmosttwentyyears!
A.areB.wereC.willbeD.havebeen
29.ManyroadsforthecomingWinterOlympicsnextyear.
A.buildB.willbuildC.arebuiltD.willbebuilt
30.—WhatdidMr.Leesayjustnow?
—Heaskedlastweek.
A.wherewehadapicnic
B.wheredidwehaveapicnic
C.wherewewillhaveapicnic
D.wherewillwehaveapicnic
五、完形填空(共15分,每小題1.5分)
閱讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。
RunningAway
Onaverybusyday,ourfourandahalfyearoldson,JustinCarl,keptmakingtroubleagainandagain.
Afterseveraltries,myhusbandGeorgefinallytoldhimtostandinthecorner.Hedidso31hewasn't
toohappyaboutit.Finally,afterafewminutes,hesaid,*Tmgoingtorunawayfromhome."
Myfirstreaction(反應(yīng))wassurprise,andthenhiswords32me."Youare?”Ishouted.ButasI
turnedtolookathim,helookedlikeanangel,sosmall,soinnocent,withhisfacesosad.
Asmyheartfelthis33,IrememberedamomentinmyownchildhoodwhenIspokethosewords
andhowunlovedandlonelyIfelt.Hewassayingsomuchmorethanjusthiswords.Hewascrying,"Please
noticeme!Tmimportant.Pleasemakemefeelwanted,lovedand34
"OK,Justin,youcanrunawayfromhome/1Isaidtohimgentlyandstarted35outsomeclothes.
"Well,we'IIneedpajamas,yourcoat…”
“Mama,"hesaid,"whatareyoudoing?"Iputthesethingsintoabagand36itbythefront
door."Okay,Justin,ifyou'regoingtorunawayfromhome,thenMama'sgoingwithyou,becauseIwould
neverwantyoutobealone."
Weheldeachotherwhilewetalked."Whydoyouwanttocomewithme?nIlookedintohis37.
"BecauseIloveyou,Justin.Mylifewouldneverbethesameifyouwentaway.""CanDaddycome?""No,
Daddyhastostayathomewithyourbrothers,andhehastoworkand38thehousewhilewe're
gone.""CanFreddi(thedog)come?”"No,Freddihastostayhere,too."He39forawhileandsaid,
"Mama,canwestayhome?""Yes,wecan,""Mama.""Yes,Justin?”"Iloveyou,""Iloveyou,
too,honey.Howaboutyouhelpmemakesomepopcorn?""Allright."
AtthatmomentIknewthewonderfulgiftthatIhadbeengiven.Itwastheimportant40tohelp
developachild'ssenseofsecurity(安全感).IlearnedthatasamotherIshouldnever“runaway"fromthe
opportunitytoshowmychildrentheyarewanted,neededandloved.
31.A.becauseB.butC.orD.so
32.A.attractedB.interestedC.angeredD.excited
33.A.painB.surpriseC.effortD.tiredness
34.A.offeredB.servedC.helpedD.needed
35.A.workingB.pickingC.givingD.handing
36.A.placedB.tookC.cleanedD.wore
37.A.mouthB.handsC.eyesD.ears
38.A.runoutofB.lookatC.lookintoD.takecareof
39.A.laughedB.thoughtC.criedD.played
40.A.meaningB.advantageC.benefitD.responsibility
閱讀理解(共50分)
六、閱讀理解(共30分,每小題2分)
閱讀下面的四篇短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
ExploreLancashireMuseums
MuseumofLancashire
MuseumofLancashireisoneofPreston'soldestbuildings.Itisyourgatewaytomore
than2000yearsofLacashire'shistory.ThismuseumishousedinthepastQuarter
SessionsHouse.
Address:StanleyStreet,Preston
ClitheroeCastleMuseum
ThemuseumstandshighonCastleHill,whichhaswatchedClitheroe'sskylineforover
800years.Ourmuseumwilltakeyouonajourneythrough350millionyearshistoryof
thelocalarea.
Address:CastleHill,Clitheroe
LancasterCityMuseum
LancasterCityMuseumishousedinGeorgianbuilding.IttellsthestoryofLancasterts
pastfromtheRomantimes.Youcanalsoseeourcollectionofpaintingsofthattime.
Address:MarketSquare,Lancaster
CottageMuseum
CottageMuseumtellsyouaboutearlyVictorianlifeandletsyoudiscovertoolsusedin
the19thcentury.
Address:15CastleHill,Lancaster
41.WhichmuseumisoneofPreston'soldestbuildings?
A.CottageMuseum.B.MuseumofLancashire.
C.LancasterCityMuseum.D.ClitheroeCastleMuseum.
42.WhereisClitheroeCastleMuseum?
A.At15CastleHill.B.AtStanleyStreet,Preston.
C.OnCastleHill,Clitheroe.D.AtMarketSquare,Lancaster.
44.YoucangotoCottageMuseumtolearnabout.
A.2000yearshistoryofLancashire
B.350millionyearshistoryofClitheroe
C.Lancaster'spastfromtheRomantimes
D.earlyVictorianlifeandtoolsfromthattime
B
In2011,KylieDunn,awriterfromAustralia,decidedtoshakeupherlife.Everymonthforayear,she
decidedtotrytwonewactivities.InFebruary2012,forexample,oneofhergoalswastoeatlessmeatfor30
days.Later,shewrotealettertoafriendorrelativeeverydayforamonth.Injust12months,shechanged
herlifeinmorethan20differentways.
DunnwasinspiredtotryherprojectafterwatchingaTEDTalkbyMattCutts.Togetideasforactivities,
shewatchedhundredsofotherTEDTalks.Herfirstactivity,inNovember2011,wasinspiredbyJessi
Arrington'stalk"WearNothingNew."Dunntriedeachactivityfor30days,andthenwroteabouther
experiencesinablogcalled"MyYearofTED.n
Finally,whenherprojectwasover,DunntalkedaboutherexperiencesataTEDxconference(會(huì)議)in
Hobart,Australia.Dunn1stalkinJanuary2014inspiredotherpeopletochangetheirattitudesandtheirlives.
Beforeherproject,Dunnsays,shedidn'tthinkshehadthecouragetochangeherlife.Theprojectshowed
hershehadmorepowerthanshethought.
"PeoplewhowatchTEDTalks---endupchangingtheirviewofthefuture,"saysChrisAnderson,the
headofTED.HesaysthatTED'sgoalisn'ttomakeasinglebigchange.TED'seffectisthemillionsofstories
ofsmallchanges.PersonalchangeslikeKylieDunn'sarehappeningeveryday.Together,thesechanges
havethepowertochangethefutureinapositiveway.AsAndersonexplains,"Insteadofthinkingofthe
futureasanunstoppableforce,-■peoplecanplayapartinshapingit.”
45.WhatwasKylieDunn*sgoalinFebruary2012?
A.Tostartablog.
B.Toeatlessmeat.
C.Tomakenewfriends.
D.Towearnothingnew.
46.WhatdidKylieDunn'sprojectshowher?
A.Shehadmorepowerthanshethought.
B.ShewouldlivebetterbecauseofTEDTalks.
C.ShecouldgivegoodspeechesonTEDTalks.
D.Shecouldchangeherlifebywearingnewclothes.
47.WhatisTED'sgoalaccordingtoChrisAnderson?
A.Tomakeseriousspeeches.
B.Tomakeasinglebigchange.
C.Tomakesmallchangeseveryday.
D.Tostoppeople'slifefromchanging.
48.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.JessiArrington'sblogiscalled"MyYearofTED”.
B.KylieDunnisaheadleaderofTEDfromAustralia.
C.DunnwasinspiredtotryherprojectbyChrisAnderson.
D.DunnsharedherexperiencesataTEDxconferencein2014.
C
HowlongamIgoingtolive?Nobodyreallyknowstheanswertothatquestion,butscientistsarevery
interestedintryingtounderstandthevariousfactors(因素)involved.Firstly,itdependsalotonwhatyoueat.
ThecountrywiththelongestaveragelifespanisJapan.Onaverage,womenliveto82.5yearsandmenliveto
76.2years.ScientiststhinkthatdietinJapanisamainreasonthatJapanesepeoplelivealongtime;they
usuallyeatlotsoffishandseafoodandnotmuchjunkfood.Aswellasdiet(飲食),lifestylehabitsalsoseem
tomakeadifferencetolifespan.Onaverage,marriedpeoplelivelongerthansinglepeopleandpetowners
livelongerthannon-petowners.Beingmentallyactiveanddoingphysicalexercisearealsoveryimportant
lifestylehabits.
Studiesofveryoldpeople,however,don'talwayssupportthescientifictheories.Manyoldpeopledon'
teathealthilyanddon'tdomuchexercise.JeanneCalment,theworld'soldestpersonever,certainlygoes
againstscientificideas.ShewasborninFrancein1875anddiedaged122.Didsheusetohavegoodlifestyle
habits?Well,accordingtoscientists,shehadsomeverygoodhabits:shedidplentyofphysicalexerciseand
usedtorideabicycleuntilshewas100.Shewasgoodatthinkingpositivelyandshedidn'tusetoworry
aboutthings.Scientistsaresurprised,however,byoneofherotherhabits:shedidn'tusedtoeatvery
healthily.Sheusedtoeatmorethantwopoundsofchocolateaweek.
Sothereisanotherfactorinvolvedinhowlongwelive.Scientistsnowthinkthatsomepeoplewereborn
withgenes(基因)thatprotectthemfromaginganddiseasesbetterthanotherpeople.Forexample,Jeanne
Calmentprobablyhadagenethatstoppedherfromgettingcancer(癌癥)thatotherpeoplemaygetaged
fortyorfifty.Somescientistsbelievethatwecanchangeourgenesbyeatingalow-caloriediet.Experiments
withmiceshowthatwhentheyeatonethirdfewercalorieseveryday,theylivefortypercentlonger.In
humanterms,that'sthesameaslivingto170yearsold.There*snoproofthatitworksinhuman,however,
andperhapsifsbesttoenjoythedaysyou'vegotratherthanbehungryallyourlife!
49.Accordingtothepassage,lifespanisaffectedbyfactors.
A.2B.3C.4D,5
50.ScientiststhinkthatJeanneCalmentlivedthelongestprobablybecause.
A.sheusedtoeatalotofchocolate
B.shehadonlygoodhabitsinherlife
C.shedidn'tgetcancerwhenshewasfifty
D.shehadhealthygenestoprotectherself
51.Thewritermayagreethat.
A.humanswilllivefortyyearslongeriftheyeatonethirdlessjunkfood
B.beingmentallyactiveismoreimportantthanhavinghealthydiet
C.peopleshouldeatmorelow-caloriefoodtochangetheirgenes
D.sometimesenjoyinglifeismoreimportantthanlivinglonger
D
Almosttwo-thirdsofalladultsnowsurftheInternet.Wespendmoreandmoreofourtimelookingat
computerscreens.Thequestioniswhetherthisbehaviourisdrivinghumanbeingsapartorbringingus
together.WilltheInternetmaketheworldahappierorlesshappyplace?
ThesocialscientistRobertPutnamsaid,“IthinkpeoplearestillnotsureaboutwhethertheInternetis
goingtobeakindoftelephoneformakingconnectionswithotherrealpeople,oratelevision,thatisyetone
morescreeninfrontofus.I'malsodoubtfulaboutacompletevirtual(虛擬的)community-thatistheidea
youcanbebestfriendswithsomeonethatyoudon'tevenknow.”
However,allisnotlost.ResearchintheUKhasshownthatpeoplewhosurftheInternethavemore
friendsthanthosewhodonot.RobertPutnamsaysthekeyisinmixingtherealandvirtualexperience.
Thehugegrowthine-mails,blogsandmessengerserviceshascreatedahostofnewsocialnetworks
whichdefygeography.Teenagers,especially,increasinglykeepintouchwithfriendsonlinebuttheyarealso
developingnewrelationshipswithpeoplewhomayshareaninterestbutliveontheothersideoftheworld.
Anewinnovation(倉U新)isthecreationofvirtualworldswhichpromiseasociallifeinvirtualspace.
SecondLifeisanInternetcommunitywithapopulationofmorethan100,000realpeople.Eachmemberof
thecommunitycontrolsa3-dimensional
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