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七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法總匯

(―?動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法

我⑴用am,你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定,

更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。

—?this,that和it用法

(l)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。

(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this,距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用thato如:

Thisisaflower.這是一朵花。(近處)

Thatisatree,那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)

⑶放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說this,后說that。如:

Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。

⑷向別人介紹某人時(shí)說Thisis…,不說Thatis…。如:

ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom,這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。

(5)Thisis不能縮寫,而Thatis可以縮寫。如:

Thisisabike.That'sacar.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。

(6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this,詢問對(duì)方用that。如:

一Hello!IsthatMissGreen?喂,是格林小姐嗎?

一Yes,thisis.Who*sthat?是的,我是,你是誰?

注意:雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”,但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說:Iam…,Areyou…?/Whoare

you?

⑺在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí),要用it代替this或that。如:

①一Isthisanotebook?這是筆記本嗎?

一Yes,itis.是的,它是。

②一What'sthat?那是什么?

一Ifsakite,是只風(fēng)箏。

三.these和those用法

this,that,these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或

事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。

?Thisismybed.ThatisLily'sbed,這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

②Thesepicturesaregood,那些畫很好。

③Arethoseappletrees?那些是蘋果樹嗎?

在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如:

④Arethese/thoseyourapples?這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?

Yes,theyare.是的,他們是。

四.不定冠詞a和an

a和an都是不定冠詞,表示一(個(gè),支,本,塊……)的意思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別,用來

限定名詞。a用在輔音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞前,如:apencil(一支鉛筆),abook(一本書);an用在元音音素開

頭的名詞前,如aneraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語,用a還是用an,則以該修飾語的第一音素決

定用還是用如:

aano

aclock一座鐘anoldclock一座舊鐘abook一本書anEnglishbook一本英語書

aniceapple一個(gè)可愛的蘋果anapple一個(gè)蘋果

五.名詞+'s所有格

單數(shù)名詞后直接加“‘S"

Jim'scoat吉姆的外套Jeff*smother杰夫的媽媽

詞+,S

所有格

以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“”

Teachers1Day教師節(jié)thetwins'books雙胞胎的書

不以S結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加一S”

Children'sDay兒童節(jié)men'sshoes男式鞋

表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's

表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加's

LucyandLily,smother露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽)

Lucy'sandKate'srooms露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)

六.Therebe句型

(l)Therebe句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)?!逼浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“Therebe+某物(某

人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義;主語是be后面的名詞,be是謂語動(dòng)詞,在一般

現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記therebe句型結(jié)構(gòu):

Therebe放句首,主語跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末,強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如:

Thereisabookonthedesk.

有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),也可把介詞短語放在句首。如:

Onthedeskthereisabook.

(2)Therebe句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣:

Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。"Therebe"真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用

is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:

①Thereisatreebehindthehouse.

②Thereissomewater(水)inthebottle(瓶子).

③Therearesomepearsinthebox.

(3)注意:如果"be"后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親

不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說,,'be"的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不

可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:

①Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.

②Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.

七.like一詞的用法

like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。

(1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:

Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。

(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v.-ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如:

Tomlikesplayingfootball.湯姆喜歡踢足球。

(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(t。d。),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如:

Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening,我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。

八.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),行

為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變化形式(見下表)。如:

句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句

肯定句主語+行為動(dòng)詞原形+其他WespeakChinese.

主語+don,t+行為動(dòng)詞原形+

否定句Wedon'tspeakChinese.

其他

D。+主語+行為動(dòng)詞原形+其

一般疑問句DoyouspeakChinese?

他?

肯定回答Yes,主語+doYes,wedo.

否定回答No,主語+dorTtNo,wedon't.

當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變化如下:

(D肯定句在行為動(dòng)詞原形后+s/es(其構(gòu)成方法與名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)相同)。

(2)否定句用助動(dòng)詞doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形。

⑶一般疑問句則是把助動(dòng)詞does放在句首,后面動(dòng)詞用原形,回答時(shí),肯定用“Yes,主語+does.”

否定用“No,主語+doesn't."。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句

肯定句主語+行為動(dòng)詞s/es+其他ShespeaksChinese.

主語+doesn't+行為動(dòng)詞原

否定句Shedoesn'tspeakChinese.

形+其他

Does+主語+行為動(dòng)詞原形+

一般疑問句DoesshespeakChinese?

其他?

肯定回答Yes,主語+doesYes,shedoes.

否定回答No,主語+doesn'tNo,shedoesn't.

九.句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素

⑴主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即一如:

l—we,you-you,she,he,ittheyo

Sheisagirl.—Theyaregirls.

要變?yōu)槿纾?/p>

(2)am,isareo

rmastudent.—>Wearestudents.

⑶不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如:

Heisaboy.—Theyareboys.

⑷普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:

Itisanapple.—Theyareapples.

⑸指示代詞this,that要變?yōu)閠hese,those。如:

Thisisabox.—Theseareboxes.

十.英語日期的表示法

英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無需用冠詞。

用英語表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?日+年,日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。如:August2nd,2003(2003年8

月2日)。也可以用日+月十年來表示。如:10thMay,2003(2003年5月10日)英語日期前介詞的使用:若

指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞。n。

①Shewasbornin1989

②ShewasborninAugust.

③ShewasborninAugust1989.

④Shewasbornon2ndAugust,1989.

十一.名詞復(fù)數(shù):

在英語里面,名詞分可數(shù)名詞(countablenoun)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountablenoun),不可數(shù)名詞沒

有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用何數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,一個(gè)的前面要用a或an,eg:apencil,abasketball,

adictionary,anegg,anIDcard,而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化,情況如下:

(1)特殊詞,特殊變化,需單獨(dú)記:

child—children,man—^men,foot-feet,woman^women

tooth—teeth,sheep-sheep,deer—deer

⑵一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”:

book—>books,pen—pens,car-^cars,map—maps,cartoon—>cartoons

⑶以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”

box-boxes,watch-watches

⑷以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”

family—families,comedy—?comedies

⑸以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,先去掉f或fe,改成“v"再加es

knife-knives,wife—wives,handkerchief—^handkerchieves

十二.時(shí)間的表達(dá)法

(1)直讀式,即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字

7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteen

(2)過、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過幾分。(以30分為分界線)

1:25twenty-fivepastone2:30halfpasttwo

3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofive

(3)12小時(shí)制

6:00a.m.上午6點(diǎn)8:20p.m,下午8點(diǎn)20分

(4)24小時(shí)制

13:0013點(diǎn)鐘22:1522點(diǎn)15分

(5)15分可用quarter

4:15aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix

(6)時(shí)間前通常用at.

at5o'clockat7:30p.m.

十三.關(guān)于時(shí)間的問法

⑴以when提問,“什么時(shí)候”可以是較長的時(shí)間段,也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

①Whenisyourbirthday?你的生日是什么時(shí)候?

②MybirthdayisDec.29th.我的生日是12月29日。

這里就是指一天的時(shí)間段

①Whendoyougohome?你幾點(diǎn)回家?

②Igohomeat4:30p.m.我下午4:30回家.

這里when問的是具體的時(shí)間。

⑵具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用whattime提問

①Whattimeisitnow?現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?orWhat'sthetime?幾點(diǎn)了?

Ifs9:26.現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。

②Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?你手表幾點(diǎn)了?

Ifs8:36.Oh,Ifs50minuteslate8:36,哦,它慢了50分鐘。

③Whattimedoyougetup?你幾點(diǎn)起床?

Igetupat6:00a.m.我早上6點(diǎn)起床。

十四.want用法

⑴想干什么用wanttodosth

Theywanttojointhesportsclub,他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。

⑵第三人稱單數(shù)作主語,want要作變化

①Hewantstoplaybasketball.

②LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.

⑶變疑問句,否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞do或does.

①一Doyouwanttoplaysoccerball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.

②-Doeshewanttogohomebybus?-Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't

附贈(zèng)資料:

教師高效教學(xué)的訣竅

高效教學(xué),具體應(yīng)該怎么說呢?我們很難精確地給它下一個(gè)定義,但大家都能清晰地感受到它。學(xué)生、

家長甚至是那些教學(xué)水平般的教師親臨高效教學(xué)的現(xiàn)場時(shí),都能立刻感受到它。但是,能感受到并不代表能在

實(shí)踐中親自做到,盡管水平一般的教師也能夠在優(yōu)秀教師的課堂上體會(huì)到高效教學(xué)的魅力,但他們卻無法在

自己的課堂教學(xué)中像那些優(yōu)秀教師一樣高效。在某種程度上,他們能覺察到自己的不足,但在具體實(shí)踐的時(shí)候

卻不得要領(lǐng),有勁使不出來。如果這些教師能夠掌握教學(xué)的快竅,他們同樣也能高效地教學(xué)。畢竟,教師們都有

一顆上進(jìn)的心。今天我的目的就是要加深教師對(duì)于高效和低效兩種教學(xué)方法的認(rèn)識(shí)。這點(diǎn)十分重要,只有認(rèn)

識(shí)到了,才能在實(shí)踐中分清這兩種教學(xué)方法的不同

今天,我們首先對(duì)下面所列的典型教學(xué)方法做出自己的判斷。

看看它們是屬于高效教學(xué)法,還是屬于低效教學(xué)法。

高效教學(xué)與低效教學(xué)測試:

L講課時(shí)的開場白是:“打開教材,翻到第x頁。”(低效)

2.在課堂上盡量多用體驗(yàn)式教學(xué)法。(高效)

3.和學(xué)生建立起愉快、輕松的師生關(guān)系。(高效)

4.高度依賴書本。(低效)

5.把課本當(dāng)做教學(xué)資源和教學(xué)工具來用。(高效)

6.多微笑。(高效)

7.大部分時(shí)間都顯得很嚴(yán)肅。(低效)

8.教學(xué)實(shí)踐中大量羅列文字。(低效)

9處理學(xué)生問題時(shí)聲調(diào)提高并且表現(xiàn)出失望沮喪的情緒。(低效)

10.任何時(shí)候都表現(xiàn)得冷靜、專業(yè)。(高效)

1L在課堂上多次進(jìn)行有組織的討論活動(dòng)。(高效)

12.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生合作解決問題。(高效)

13.測試中出現(xiàn)的題目不超出課堂教授的內(nèi)容。(高效)

14.測試中出現(xiàn)令學(xué)生感到束手無策的題目。(低效)

15.和學(xué)生陷入激烈的爭吵。(低效)

16.私下里解決個(gè)別學(xué)生的問題。(高效)

17.當(dāng)眾令學(xué)生難堪。(低效)

18.詳細(xì)地準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)細(xì)節(jié),以產(chǎn)生最佳的學(xué)習(xí)效果。(高效)

19.重復(fù)使用同一套教學(xué)計(jì)劃。(低效)

20.不斷學(xué)習(xí)并實(shí)踐新的教學(xué)法。(高效)

21.在課堂教學(xué)中緊密聯(lián)系學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活。(高效)

22拒絕改變。(低效)

23.勇于接納并追求成長和進(jìn)步所必須的變化。(高效)

24.經(jīng)常和學(xué)生談?wù)摲e極向上的話題。(高效)25.經(jīng)常和學(xué)生談?wù)撠?fù)面的話題。(低效)

26.對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生都充滿信心。(高效)

27.盡自己所能和家長保持溝通,讓他們了解到學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)狀

況。(高效)

28.重視學(xué)生的長處。(高效)

29.發(fā)自內(nèi)心地?zé)釔劢虒W(xué)。(高效)

30.認(rèn)為教學(xué)是一件麻煩的事情。(低效)31.經(jīng)常抱怨。(低效)

32.和同事保持良好的關(guān)系,相互促進(jìn)提高。(高效

33.為了學(xué)生的成功奉獻(xiàn)一切。(高效)

34.認(rèn)為每個(gè)學(xué)生都能成功,并平等地對(duì)待每個(gè)人。(高效)

35.不放棄任何一個(gè)學(xué)生。(高效)

我相信你看完上面的教學(xué)方式后一定會(huì)有自己的判斷。但如果你能無所畏懼地面對(duì)自己的內(nèi)心,那么你

一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在實(shí)踐中或多或少存在一些低效的做法。

九年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)期末試卷

學(xué)校姓名準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)

聽力理解(共30分)

一、聽對(duì)話,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇與對(duì)話內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每段對(duì)話你將聽兩遍。

(共5分,每小題1分)

1.

A.B.C.

A.

4.

A.B.C.

5.

A.B.C.

二、聽對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,根據(jù)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的內(nèi)容,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。每段

對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。(共15分,每小題1.5分)

請(qǐng)聽一段對(duì)話,完成第6至第7小題。

6.Whatdayisbetterfortheboytodosports?

A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Wednesday.

7.Whatsportdoestheboylike?

A.Volleyball.B.Basketball.C.Tennis.

請(qǐng)聽一段對(duì)話,完成第8至第9小題。

8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Schoollife.

B.Familymembers.

C.Peopleattheparty.

9.WhatisJennylike?

A.Sheisfriendly.

B.Sheisboring.

C.Sheisquiet.

請(qǐng)聽一段對(duì)話,完成第10至第11小題。

10.Whatisthemangoingtobuytoday?

A.Awhitesweater.

B.AredT-shirt.

C.Ablueshirt.

11.Howmuchisthemangoingtopay?

A.$30,B.$50.C.$100.

請(qǐng)聽一段對(duì)話,完成第12至第13小題。

12.Wheredoestheboydohisworkexperience?

A.Inarestaurant.B.Atschool.C.Inahotel.

13.Whatdoestheboythinkoftheworkexperience?

A.Goodbutabittiring.

B.Greatbuttooeasy.

C.Hardandboring.

請(qǐng)聽一段獨(dú)白,完成第14至第15小題。

14.Whatisthespeakerdoing?

A.Givingsomesuggestions.

B.Makinganintroduction.

C.Leadingaconversation.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?

A.AnInsect'sLifeisascaryfilm.

B.Wecan'twatchPolicewatchtonight.

C.ThetenniscompetitionswillstartinJuly.

三、聽對(duì)話,記錄關(guān)鍵信息,本段對(duì)話你將聽兩遍。(共10分,每小題2分)

請(qǐng)根據(jù)所聽到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容和提示詞語,將所缺的關(guān)鍵信息填寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上。

Shopassistantwanted

Where:16.Melody______Shop,HappyStreet

When:17.every______

Workhours:18.from______amto7:00pm

Whattodo:19.helpcustomersanddosome______

?under18:£5anhour

Payment:

?20.adults:£______anhour

知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共25分)

四、單項(xiàng)填空(共10分,每小題1分)

從下列各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

21.ThehandsomeboyisfromClass2.nameisJohn.

A.HerB.HisC.YourD.Their

22.Wedrove5hoursandfinallygottothecitySundaymorning.

A.onB.atC.ofD.in

23.Wedidnotenjoythedaytheweatherwastoobad.

A.orB.becauseC.butD.so

24.Iknockedonthedoorbutanswered.

A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody

25.Afteralotofhardpracticehewasabletojumpmuchthanbefore.

A.highB.higherC.highestD.thehighest

26.Imyhomeworkonthecomputerwhenthepowerwentout.

A.wasdoingB.willdoC.doD.did

27.Janeisveryfriendly.Sometimessheherneighbourstopartiesattheweekend.

A.inviteB.invitesC.invitedD.willinvite

28.一Doyouknoweachother?

一Ofcourse.Wefriendsforalmosttwentyyears!

A.areB.wereC.willbeD.havebeen

29.ManyroadsforthecomingWinterOlympicsnextyear.

A.buildB.willbuildC.arebuiltD.willbebuilt

30.—WhatdidMr.Leesayjustnow?

—Heaskedlastweek.

A.wherewehadapicnic

B.wheredidwehaveapicnic

C.wherewewillhaveapicnic

D.wherewillwehaveapicnic

五、完形填空(共15分,每小題1.5分)

閱讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

RunningAway

Onaverybusyday,ourfourandahalfyearoldson,JustinCarl,keptmakingtroubleagainandagain.

Afterseveraltries,myhusbandGeorgefinallytoldhimtostandinthecorner.Hedidso31hewasn't

toohappyaboutit.Finally,afterafewminutes,hesaid,*Tmgoingtorunawayfromhome."

Myfirstreaction(反應(yīng))wassurprise,andthenhiswords32me."Youare?”Ishouted.ButasI

turnedtolookathim,helookedlikeanangel,sosmall,soinnocent,withhisfacesosad.

Asmyheartfelthis33,IrememberedamomentinmyownchildhoodwhenIspokethosewords

andhowunlovedandlonelyIfelt.Hewassayingsomuchmorethanjusthiswords.Hewascrying,"Please

noticeme!Tmimportant.Pleasemakemefeelwanted,lovedand34

"OK,Justin,youcanrunawayfromhome/1Isaidtohimgentlyandstarted35outsomeclothes.

"Well,we'IIneedpajamas,yourcoat…”

“Mama,"hesaid,"whatareyoudoing?"Iputthesethingsintoabagand36itbythefront

door."Okay,Justin,ifyou'regoingtorunawayfromhome,thenMama'sgoingwithyou,becauseIwould

neverwantyoutobealone."

Weheldeachotherwhilewetalked."Whydoyouwanttocomewithme?nIlookedintohis37.

"BecauseIloveyou,Justin.Mylifewouldneverbethesameifyouwentaway.""CanDaddycome?""No,

Daddyhastostayathomewithyourbrothers,andhehastoworkand38thehousewhilewe're

gone.""CanFreddi(thedog)come?”"No,Freddihastostayhere,too."He39forawhileandsaid,

"Mama,canwestayhome?""Yes,wecan,""Mama.""Yes,Justin?”"Iloveyou,""Iloveyou,

too,honey.Howaboutyouhelpmemakesomepopcorn?""Allright."

AtthatmomentIknewthewonderfulgiftthatIhadbeengiven.Itwastheimportant40tohelp

developachild'ssenseofsecurity(安全感).IlearnedthatasamotherIshouldnever“runaway"fromthe

opportunitytoshowmychildrentheyarewanted,neededandloved.

31.A.becauseB.butC.orD.so

32.A.attractedB.interestedC.angeredD.excited

33.A.painB.surpriseC.effortD.tiredness

34.A.offeredB.servedC.helpedD.needed

35.A.workingB.pickingC.givingD.handing

36.A.placedB.tookC.cleanedD.wore

37.A.mouthB.handsC.eyesD.ears

38.A.runoutofB.lookatC.lookintoD.takecareof

39.A.laughedB.thoughtC.criedD.played

40.A.meaningB.advantageC.benefitD.responsibility

閱讀理解(共50分)

六、閱讀理解(共30分,每小題2分)

閱讀下面的四篇短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

ExploreLancashireMuseums

MuseumofLancashire

MuseumofLancashireisoneofPreston'soldestbuildings.Itisyourgatewaytomore

than2000yearsofLacashire'shistory.ThismuseumishousedinthepastQuarter

SessionsHouse.

Address:StanleyStreet,Preston

ClitheroeCastleMuseum

ThemuseumstandshighonCastleHill,whichhaswatchedClitheroe'sskylineforover

800years.Ourmuseumwilltakeyouonajourneythrough350millionyearshistoryof

thelocalarea.

Address:CastleHill,Clitheroe

LancasterCityMuseum

LancasterCityMuseumishousedinGeorgianbuilding.IttellsthestoryofLancasterts

pastfromtheRomantimes.Youcanalsoseeourcollectionofpaintingsofthattime.

Address:MarketSquare,Lancaster

CottageMuseum

CottageMuseumtellsyouaboutearlyVictorianlifeandletsyoudiscovertoolsusedin

the19thcentury.

Address:15CastleHill,Lancaster

41.WhichmuseumisoneofPreston'soldestbuildings?

A.CottageMuseum.B.MuseumofLancashire.

C.LancasterCityMuseum.D.ClitheroeCastleMuseum.

42.WhereisClitheroeCastleMuseum?

A.At15CastleHill.B.AtStanleyStreet,Preston.

C.OnCastleHill,Clitheroe.D.AtMarketSquare,Lancaster.

44.YoucangotoCottageMuseumtolearnabout.

A.2000yearshistoryofLancashire

B.350millionyearshistoryofClitheroe

C.Lancaster'spastfromtheRomantimes

D.earlyVictorianlifeandtoolsfromthattime

B

In2011,KylieDunn,awriterfromAustralia,decidedtoshakeupherlife.Everymonthforayear,she

decidedtotrytwonewactivities.InFebruary2012,forexample,oneofhergoalswastoeatlessmeatfor30

days.Later,shewrotealettertoafriendorrelativeeverydayforamonth.Injust12months,shechanged

herlifeinmorethan20differentways.

DunnwasinspiredtotryherprojectafterwatchingaTEDTalkbyMattCutts.Togetideasforactivities,

shewatchedhundredsofotherTEDTalks.Herfirstactivity,inNovember2011,wasinspiredbyJessi

Arrington'stalk"WearNothingNew."Dunntriedeachactivityfor30days,andthenwroteabouther

experiencesinablogcalled"MyYearofTED.n

Finally,whenherprojectwasover,DunntalkedaboutherexperiencesataTEDxconference(會(huì)議)in

Hobart,Australia.Dunn1stalkinJanuary2014inspiredotherpeopletochangetheirattitudesandtheirlives.

Beforeherproject,Dunnsays,shedidn'tthinkshehadthecouragetochangeherlife.Theprojectshowed

hershehadmorepowerthanshethought.

"PeoplewhowatchTEDTalks---endupchangingtheirviewofthefuture,"saysChrisAnderson,the

headofTED.HesaysthatTED'sgoalisn'ttomakeasinglebigchange.TED'seffectisthemillionsofstories

ofsmallchanges.PersonalchangeslikeKylieDunn'sarehappeningeveryday.Together,thesechanges

havethepowertochangethefutureinapositiveway.AsAndersonexplains,"Insteadofthinkingofthe

futureasanunstoppableforce,-■peoplecanplayapartinshapingit.”

45.WhatwasKylieDunn*sgoalinFebruary2012?

A.Tostartablog.

B.Toeatlessmeat.

C.Tomakenewfriends.

D.Towearnothingnew.

46.WhatdidKylieDunn'sprojectshowher?

A.Shehadmorepowerthanshethought.

B.ShewouldlivebetterbecauseofTEDTalks.

C.ShecouldgivegoodspeechesonTEDTalks.

D.Shecouldchangeherlifebywearingnewclothes.

47.WhatisTED'sgoalaccordingtoChrisAnderson?

A.Tomakeseriousspeeches.

B.Tomakeasinglebigchange.

C.Tomakesmallchangeseveryday.

D.Tostoppeople'slifefromchanging.

48.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.JessiArrington'sblogiscalled"MyYearofTED”.

B.KylieDunnisaheadleaderofTEDfromAustralia.

C.DunnwasinspiredtotryherprojectbyChrisAnderson.

D.DunnsharedherexperiencesataTEDxconferencein2014.

C

HowlongamIgoingtolive?Nobodyreallyknowstheanswertothatquestion,butscientistsarevery

interestedintryingtounderstandthevariousfactors(因素)involved.Firstly,itdependsalotonwhatyoueat.

ThecountrywiththelongestaveragelifespanisJapan.Onaverage,womenliveto82.5yearsandmenliveto

76.2years.ScientiststhinkthatdietinJapanisamainreasonthatJapanesepeoplelivealongtime;they

usuallyeatlotsoffishandseafoodandnotmuchjunkfood.Aswellasdiet(飲食),lifestylehabitsalsoseem

tomakeadifferencetolifespan.Onaverage,marriedpeoplelivelongerthansinglepeopleandpetowners

livelongerthannon-petowners.Beingmentallyactiveanddoingphysicalexercisearealsoveryimportant

lifestylehabits.

Studiesofveryoldpeople,however,don'talwayssupportthescientifictheories.Manyoldpeopledon'

teathealthilyanddon'tdomuchexercise.JeanneCalment,theworld'soldestpersonever,certainlygoes

againstscientificideas.ShewasborninFrancein1875anddiedaged122.Didsheusetohavegoodlifestyle

habits?Well,accordingtoscientists,shehadsomeverygoodhabits:shedidplentyofphysicalexerciseand

usedtorideabicycleuntilshewas100.Shewasgoodatthinkingpositivelyandshedidn'tusetoworry

aboutthings.Scientistsaresurprised,however,byoneofherotherhabits:shedidn'tusedtoeatvery

healthily.Sheusedtoeatmorethantwopoundsofchocolateaweek.

Sothereisanotherfactorinvolvedinhowlongwelive.Scientistsnowthinkthatsomepeoplewereborn

withgenes(基因)thatprotectthemfromaginganddiseasesbetterthanotherpeople.Forexample,Jeanne

Calmentprobablyhadagenethatstoppedherfromgettingcancer(癌癥)thatotherpeoplemaygetaged

fortyorfifty.Somescientistsbelievethatwecanchangeourgenesbyeatingalow-caloriediet.Experiments

withmiceshowthatwhentheyeatonethirdfewercalorieseveryday,theylivefortypercentlonger.In

humanterms,that'sthesameaslivingto170yearsold.There*snoproofthatitworksinhuman,however,

andperhapsifsbesttoenjoythedaysyou'vegotratherthanbehungryallyourlife!

49.Accordingtothepassage,lifespanisaffectedbyfactors.

A.2B.3C.4D,5

50.ScientiststhinkthatJeanneCalmentlivedthelongestprobablybecause.

A.sheusedtoeatalotofchocolate

B.shehadonlygoodhabitsinherlife

C.shedidn'tgetcancerwhenshewasfifty

D.shehadhealthygenestoprotectherself

51.Thewritermayagreethat.

A.humanswilllivefortyyearslongeriftheyeatonethirdlessjunkfood

B.beingmentallyactiveismoreimportantthanhavinghealthydiet

C.peopleshouldeatmorelow-caloriefoodtochangetheirgenes

D.sometimesenjoyinglifeismoreimportantthanlivinglonger

D

Almosttwo-thirdsofalladultsnowsurftheInternet.Wespendmoreandmoreofourtimelookingat

computerscreens.Thequestioniswhetherthisbehaviourisdrivinghumanbeingsapartorbringingus

together.WilltheInternetmaketheworldahappierorlesshappyplace?

ThesocialscientistRobertPutnamsaid,“IthinkpeoplearestillnotsureaboutwhethertheInternetis

goingtobeakindoftelephoneformakingconnectionswithotherrealpeople,oratelevision,thatisyetone

morescreeninfrontofus.I'malsodoubtfulaboutacompletevirtual(虛擬的)community-thatistheidea

youcanbebestfriendswithsomeonethatyoudon'tevenknow.”

However,allisnotlost.ResearchintheUKhasshownthatpeoplewhosurftheInternethavemore

friendsthanthosewhodonot.RobertPutnamsaysthekeyisinmixingtherealandvirtualexperience.

Thehugegrowthine-mails,blogsandmessengerserviceshascreatedahostofnewsocialnetworks

whichdefygeography.Teenagers,especially,increasinglykeepintouchwithfriendsonlinebuttheyarealso

developingnewrelationshipswithpeoplewhomayshareaninterestbutliveontheothersideoftheworld.

Anewinnovation(倉U新)isthecreationofvirtualworldswhichpromiseasociallifeinvirtualspace.

SecondLifeisanInternetcommunitywithapopulationofmorethan100,000realpeople.Eachmemberof

thecommunitycontrolsa3-dimensional

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